阅读理解专题8科普知识型阅读理解.ppt

专题八科普知识型阅读理解 专题八科普知识型阅读理解 专题八 专题导读 1 文章中词汇的意义比较单一 稳定 简明 不带感情色彩 具有单一性和准确性的特点 这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中常用的排比 比喻 夸张等修辞手法 一词多义的现象也不多见 2 句子结构较复杂 语法分析较困难 为了描述一个客观事物 严密地表达自己的思想 作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句 3 常使用被动语态 尤其是一些惯用被动句式 专题八 真题典例 comparedthemwithDNAfrommodernelephants TheyfoundtotheiramazementthatmodernforestandsavannaelephantsareasdistinctfromeachotherasAsianelephantsandmammoths ThescientistsuseddetailedgeneticanalysistoprovethattheAfricansavannaelephantandtheAfricanforestelephanthavebeendistinctspeciesforseveralmillionyears ThedivergenceofthetwospeciestookplacearoundthetimeofthedivergenceofAsianelephantsandwoollymammoths Thisresultamazedallthescientists Therehaslongbeendebateinthescientificcommunitythatthetwomightbeseparatespecies butthisisthemostconvincingscientificevidencesofarthattheyareindeeddifferentspecies 学车问答学车问题开车问题学车怎么办 驾校大全中国驾校报名考试理论学习地址介绍英格驾考车类小游戏学车小游戏大全 专题八 真题典例 nowhavetotreattheforestandsavannaelephantsastwodifferentunitsforconservationpurposes Since1950 allAfricanelephantshavebeenconservedasonespecies Nowthatweknowtheforestandsavannaelephantsaretwoverydistinctiveanimals theforestelephantshouldbecomeabiggerpriority 优先 forconservationpurposes 1 Oneofthefossilsstudiedbytheresearchersisthatof A theAsianelephantB theforestelephantC thesavannaelephantD themastodonelephant 专题八 真题典例 2 Theunderlinedword divergence inparagraph4means A evolutionB exhibitionC separationD examination 3 Theresearchers conclusionwasbasedonastudyoftheAfricanelephant s A DNAB heightC weightD population 专题八 真题典例 4 WhatareAlfredRoca swordsmainlyabout A TheconservationofAfricanelephants B ThepurposeofstudyingAfricanelephants C ThewaytodivideAfricanelephantsintotwounits D ThereasonforthedistinctionofAfricanelephants 5 Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage A Naturalists BeliefsaboutElephantsB AmazingExperimentsaboutElephantsC AnUnexpectedFindingaboutElephantsD ALongScientificDebateaboutElephants 专题八 真题典例 解析 本文为科普说明文 主要介绍关于大象的最新研究成果 非洲大象被分成两种完全不同的品种 非洲草原大象和非洲森林大象 1 D细节理解题 根据第三段 OncetheyobtainedDNAsequences 序列 fromtwofossils 化石 mammothsandmastodons theteamcomparedthemwithDNAfrommodernelephants 可判断选D 2 C词义猜测题 根据第四段 ThescientistsuseddetailedgeneticanalysistoprovethattheAfricansavannaelephantandtheAfricanforestelephanthavebeendistinctspeciesforseveralmillionyears 可知 科学家已证实 非洲的草原大象与非洲的森林大象几百万年来都不属于同一品种 即可推断下句为 两种大象的分离应发生在 由此可推断划线词应意为 分离 故选C 专题八 真题典例 3 A细节理解题 根据第三段 OncetheyobtainedDNAsequences 序列 fromtwofossils 化石 mammothsandmastodons theteamcomparedthemwithDNAfrommodernelephants TheyfoundtotheiramazementthatmodernforestandsavannaelephantsareasdistinctfromeachotherasAsianelephantsandmammoths 可判断研究者的结论是建立在对非洲大象的DNA研究结果的基础上的 故选A 专题八 真题典例 4 A逻辑推理题 根据最后一段中的 Nowthatweknowtheforestandsavannaelephantsaretwoverydistinctiveanimals theforestelephantshouldbecomeabiggerpriority 优先 forconservationpurposes 可推断他的讲话是围绕对非洲大象的保护的 故选A 5 C主旨大意题 根据主题段第一段可知 本文主要介绍关于非洲大象的最新研究成果 非洲草原大象和非洲森林大象实为两种完全不同的品种 由此判断选C 专题八 新题预测 一 ScientistsatHarvardUniversityandBatesCollegefindfemalechimpanzees 黑猩猩 appeartotreatsticksasdolls carryingthemarounduntiltheyhavechildrenoftheirown Youngmalesengageinsuchbehaviormuchlessfrequently ThenewworkbySonyaM KahlenbergandRichardW Wrangham describedthisweekinthejournalCurrentBiology providesthefirstevidenceofawildnon humanspeciesplayingwithdolls aswellasthefirstknownsexdifferenceinawildanimal schoiceofplaythings 专题八 新题预测 Thetworesearcherssaytheirworkaddstoagrowingbodyofevidencethathumanchildrenareprobablybornwiththeirownideasofhowtheywanttobehave ratherthansimplymirroringothergirlswhoplaywithdollsandboyswhoplaywithtrucks Dollplayamonghumanscouldhaveitsoriginsinobject carryingbyearlierapes 猿类 theysay suggestingthattoyselectionisprobablynotdueentirelytosocialization Inhumans thereareobvioussexdifferencesinchildren stoyplay andtheseareremarkablysimilaracrosscultures saysKahlenberg Whilesocializationbyeldersandpeershasbeentheprimaryexplanation ourworksuggeststhatbiologymayalsohaveanimportantroletoplayinactivitypreferences 专题八 新题预测 In14yearsofdataonchimpanzeebehaviorattheKibaleNationalParkinUganda KahlenbergandWranghamcountedmorethan100examplesofstick carrying Someyoungchimpanzeescarriedsticksintothenesttosleepwiththemandononeoccasionbuiltaseparatenestforthestick Wehaveseenjuvenilesoccasionallycarryingsticksformanyyears andbecausetheysometimestreatedthemratherlikedolls wewantedtoknowifingeneralthisbehaviortendedtorepresentsomethinglikeplayingwithdolls saysWrangham aProfessoratHarvard Ifthedollhypothesis 假设 wasright wethoughtthatfemalesshouldcarrysticksmorethanmalesdo andthatthechimpanzeesshouldstopcarryingsticks 专题八 新题预测 whentheyhadtheirfirstchild Wehavenowwatchedenoughyoungchimpanzeestoprovebothpoints 1 Whatdoesafemalechimpanzeedowithsticks A Shegivesthemtoherchildtoplaywith B Shetreatsthemasdolls C Shemakesusefultoolsfromthem D Shetreatsthemasweapons 2 Whatcausesthedifferenttoyselectionofchimpanzees accordingtothepassage A Sexdifference B Socialization C Environment D Culturaldifference 专题八 新题预测 3 Wecaninferfromthefourthparagraphthat A socializationhasnothingtodowithhuman schoiceofplaythingsB sexdifferenceistheonlyfactorinhuman schoiceofplaythingsC thebiologyfactormayalsoinfluencetoychoiceD peoplechoosedifferenttoysindifferentcultures 4 Wranghamprobablybelievesthat A observingsomanychimpanzeeshasbeenenoughforthemtomakeaconclusionB thestudyproveshumanbeingshaveevolved 进化 fromchimpanzeesC allchimpanzeestreatthesticksasdollsD childrenplayingwithsticksareabnormal 专题八 新题预测 5 Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat A bothhumansandchimpanzeeschoosetheirplaythingsduetosexdifferenceB differentfactorscausehumansandchimpanzeestochoosedifferentplaythingsC onlyfemalechimpanzeeshaveplaythingsD chimpanzeesusuallychooseplaythingsfortheirchildren 专题八 新题预测 解析 本文是科普文 研究发现 雌性黑猩猩喜欢把棍子当作自己的玩具娃娃 1 B细节理解题 从文章第一段可知 雌性黑猩猩把棍子当作自己的玩具娃娃 2 A细节理解题 综合分析文章可知 性别差异是导致黑猩猩玩具选择差异的主要原因 3 C推理判断题 从第四段可知 这两位科学家的研究表明生物学因素也可能影响对玩具的偏好 4 A推理判断题 从第五段最后一句可知答案 5 A推理判断题 综合文章信息可知 无论是人类还是黑猩猩 性别是导致玩具选择差异的重要原因 专题八 新题预测 二 Wehavemettheenemy andheisours Weboughthimatapetshop Whenmonkey pox adiseaseusuallyfoundintheAfricanrainforest suddenlyturnsupinchildrenintheAmericanMidwest it shardnottowonderifthediseasethatcomesfromforeignanimalsishominginonhumanbeings Mostoftheinfections 感染 wethinkofashumaninfectionsstartedinotheranimals saysStephenMorse directoroftheCenterforPublicHealthPreparednessatColumbiaUniversity 专题八 新题预测 It snotjustthatwe regoingtowheretheanimalsare we realsobringingthemclosertous Popularforeignpetshavebroughtawholenewdiseasetothiscountry AstrangeillnesskilledIsaksen spets andshenowthinksthatkeepingforeignpetsisabadidea Idon tthinkit sfairtohavethemaspetswhenwehavesuchalimitedknowledgeofthem saysIsaksen Lawsallowingtheseanimalstobebroughtinfromdeepforestareaswithoutstrictcontrolneedchanging saysPeterSchantz Monkey poxmaybethe wake up call Researchersbelieveinfectedanimalsmayinfecttheirowners Weknowverylittleaboutthese 专题八 新题预测 newdiseases Anewbug 病毒 maybekindatfirst Butitmaydevelopintosomethingharmful Monkey poxdoesn tlookamajorinfectiousdisease Butitisnotimpossibletopassthediseasefrompersontoperson 1 WelearnfromParagraph1thatthepetsoldattheshopmay A comefromColumbiaB preventusfrombeinginfectedC enjoybeingwithchildrenD sufferfrommonkey pox 专题八 新题预测 2 WhydidIsaksenadvisepeoplenottohaveforeignpets A Theyattackhumanbeings B Weneedtostudynativeanimals C Theycan tliveoutoftherainforest D Wedonotknowmuchaboutthemyet 3 Whatdoesthephrase thewake upcall inParagraph3mostprobablymean A anewdiseaseB aclearwarningC adangerousanimalD amorningcall 专题八 新题预测 4 Thetextsuggeststhatinthefuturewe A mayhavetofightagainstmorenewdiseasesB mayeasilygetinfectedbydiseasesfromdogsC shouldnotbeallowedtohavepetsD shouldstopbuyingpetsfromAfrica 5 Thelastparagraphmeans A weshouldhavelawstostophavingpetsathomeB wildanimalsshouldn tbeadoptedaspetsC lawsshouldbepassedtoavoidpets diseasesspreadingD peopl