Lecture1 Introduction (Literary Translation) 文学翻译.doc

Lecture 1IntroductionLiterary Translation Literary translation is the translation of literature, which is different from other translation, or non-literary translation. It is to a large extent unique. The uniqueness of literary translation arises from the uniqueness of literature as is compared with other types of writing. In what way is literature unique? Or to be more specific, what is literature? If we want to study literature, we must first define literature and find out what distinguishes literature from non-literature. Literature: Language artistically used to achieve identifiable literary qualities and to convey meaningful messages. Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual an emotional appeal. Literature can be classified into many different types: poetry, drama, prose and fiction. Forms (Genres) of LiteraturePoetry (verse), novel (fiction), drama, prose ( verse)essay, epic, elegy, All these types of literature share one thing in common: literariness Literature is definable because it uses language in peculiar ways, as a contrast to the ordinary or everyday use of language. In other words, a piece of literature is regarded as so because it has literariness, or it uses language in particular ways. The predominant function of creative literature is not the same as others, or non-literary texts. Literature is aesthetic-oriented while non-literature is often information-oriented. Literature is characterized by a creative use of language, which is different from non-literary language or everyday language. 1) She treated that lady with every demonstration of cool respect. 她对于那位夫人不冷不热，不错规矩。 2) She had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart of her own.她心地善良，待人和气，性格温柔，举止高雅，为人大方。3) Why is the letter T like an island? / Because it is in the middle of water. 因何竖钩像座岛？/ 竖钩在水中央。(毛础安）4)“What does that lawyer do after he dies?” “Lie still.” “那个律师死后还能干什么？”/ “躺着说鬼话”。 （马红军 译）3. Russian Formalism Literariness is the dividing line between literature and non-literature . This idea was put forwards by Russian Formalists, who because of this discovery, influenced the course of literary theory.Subject matter is no longer the most important : Literariness can not be defined by the objects depicted in the texts. Literariness must be constituted by a specific usage of the linguistic material. the greatest living thinker ceased to think. 当代最伟大的思想家停止思想了。 We found him in his armchair, peacefully gone to sleepbut forever. 我们发现他在安乐椅上安静地睡着了但已经是永远地睡着了。(F. Engels, Speech at the Graveside of Karl Marx ) 4. Uniqueness of literature translation With? Sinbad the sailor and Tinbad the Tailor and Jinbad the Jailer and Whinbad the Whaler and Ninbad the Nailer and Finbad the Failer and Binbad the Bailer and Pinbad the Pailer and Minbad the Mailer and Hinbad the Hailer and Rinbad the Railer and Dinbad the Kailer and Vinbad the Qualer and Lingad the Yailer and Xinbad the Phthailer. (Joyce, 1996:871) 跟谁？ 水手辛伯达、裁缝廷伯达、狱卒金伯达、捕鲸者珲伯达、制钉工人宁伯达、失败者芬伯达、掏船肚水者宾伯达、桶匠频伯达、邮寄者明伯达、欢呼者欣伯达、咒骂者林伯达、食菜主义者丁伯达、畏惧者温伯达、赛马赌徒林伯德、水手兴伯达。（译林版尤利西斯卷3：160） 与何人？ 水手辛巴德、裁缝钦巴德、监守人简巴德、会捕鲸鱼的惠巴德、拧螺丝的宁巴德、废物蛋费巴德、秉公保释的宾巴德、拼合木桶的品巴德、天明送信的明巴德、哼唱颂歌的哼巴德、领头嘲笑的林巴德、光吃蔬菜的丁巴德、胆怯退缩的温巴德、啤酒灌饱的蔺巴德、邻苯二甲酸的柯辛巴德。 （人民文学版尤利西斯：1997） 与何人？ 行海船的辛巴达和当裁缝的当巴达和看牢子的看巴达和捕鲸鱼的捕巴达和打铁钉的打伯达和不中用的不巴达和舀舱水的舀巴达和做木桶的做巴达和跑邮差的跑巴达和唱颂歌的唱巴达和说脏话的说巴达和吃蔬菜的丁巴达和怕惹事的温巴达和行什么船的幸巴达。（王东风） I love my love with an E, because shes enticing; I hate her with an E, because shes engaged. I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement, her names Emily, and she lives in the east. (David Copperfield, XXII) 我爱我的爱人为了一个E，因为她是Enticing(迷人的)；我恨我的爱人为了一个E，因为她是Engaged (订了婚的)。我用我的爱人象征Exquisite (美妙)，我劝我的爱人从事Elopement(私奔)，她的名字是Emily(爱弥丽) ，她的住处在East (东方)。 （董秋斯译） 我爱我的所爱，因为她长得实在招人爱。我恨我的所爱，因为她不回报我的爱。我带着她到挂着浮荡子招牌的一家，和她谈情说爱。我请她看一出潜逃私奔，为的是我和她能长久你亲我爱。她的名儿叫做爱弥丽，她的家住在爱仁里。（张谷若，大卫考坡菲，上海译文出版社，495页。） 我爱我的爱人，因为她很迷人；我恨我的爱人，因已许配他人；他在我心中是美人，我带她私奔，以避开外人；她名叫虞美人，是东方丽人。 吾爱吾爱，因伊可爱；我恨吾爱，因伊另有所爱。我视吾爱，神圣之爱，吾携吾爱，私逃为爱；我爱名爱米丽，吾东方之爱。 我爱我的那个“丽”，可爱迷人有魅力；我恨我的那个“丽”，要和他人结伉俪；她文雅大方有魅力，和我出逃去游历；她芳名就叫艾米丽，家住东方人俏丽。 “No more of that Pass the salt, Walt. ” “or Pass the bread, Fred. ” “or Shoot me a beet, Pete. ” “今后再也不会听到把盐递过来，沃尔特这样的话了。” “还有把面包递过来，弗雷德。” “还有递一个甜菜根给我，皮特。” （ 第二十二条军规 上海译文出版社，p200） “今后再也不会听到把盐递过来，老颜这样的话了。” “还有把面包递过来，老包。” “还有递一棵甜菜给我，老蔡。” The middle-aged big shots would not let Natelys whore leave until they made her say uncle. “Say Uncle,” they said to her. “Uncle,” she said. “No, No. Say Uncle.” “Uncle,” she said. “She still doesnt understand.” “You still dont understand, do you? We cant really make you say uncle unless you dont want to say uncle. Dont you see? Dont say uncle when I tell you to say uncle. Okay? Say uncle.” a. 那些中年的高级军官一定要奈特雷的妓女向他们讨饶，才肯放她走。 “大叔”，她说。 “不，不，叫你讨饶。” “大叔，”她说。 “她仍旧不懂。” “你仍旧不懂，是吗？你不想讨饶，我们实在也不能勉强你。你明白吗？我叫你讨饶，你就别说大叔，好吗？说讨饶。” （第二十二条军规上海译文出版社，538-539） b. 那帮中年大人物一定要让内利特的妓女说出“认输”两个字，才能让她走。 “说认输，”