语法术语 - 英汉对照表.ppt

GrammaticalTerms Aabstractnoun抽象名词activevoice主动态adjective形容词adjunct修饰性状语 结合性附加语adverb副词adverbial状语adverbialclauseofcondition条件状语分句adverbialclauseofpurpose目的状语分句adverbialclauseofcause原因状语分句adverbialclauseofresult结果状语分句affix词缀agreement concord一致关系alternativequestion选择疑问句 A anaphoricreference后照应antecedent先行项aspect体assertiveword肯定词attitudinaldisjunct态度评注性状语auxiliaryverb auxiliary助动词Bbasicclausepattern基本句型be passivebe 型被动态be subjunctivebe 型虚拟式boundmorpheme粘附词素broadreference广阔照应 C cardinalnumeral基数词cataphoricreference前照应centraldeterminer中位限定词classifier类别词clausalellipsis分句性省略clausalsubstitution分句性替代clause分句 从句cleftsentence分裂句climax层进法closed classword封闭性词类collectivenoun集体名词command祈使句commongender通性commonnoun普通名词complement补语 C complexclause复杂分句complexobject复杂宾语complexsentence复杂句compoundcomplexsentence并列复杂句compoundsentence并列句compoundword复合词coherence连贯性cohesion粘着性conditional条件句conjunct连接性状语 连接性附加语conjunction连词contentword实义词contextualmeaning上下文意义coreferencepro form指代词coordination并列countablenoun可数名词coreference共指关系countnoun计数名词 D danglingmodifier无依着修饰语deepstructure深层结构definitearticle定冠词definitespecificreference确定特指demonstrativedeterminer指示限定词demonstrativepronoun指示代词demonstrativereference指示照应dependentclause附属分句derivative派生词descriptivegrammar描写语法determiner限定词directobject直接宾语directspeech直接引语doublenegation双重否定discourse篇章 语篇downtoner弱化词disjunct评注性状语 分离性附加语dynamicverb动态动词 E earliertime先时性 edparticipleclause ed分词分句ellipsis省略emphasizer强化词endfocus句尾焦点endweight句尾重心exclamation感叹句existentialsentence存在句explanatoryconditional解说性条件句externalnegation外部否定 F fall降调fall rise降升调femininegender阴性finiteclause限定分句finiteverb限定动词finiteverbphrase限定动词词组firstperson第一人称focalelement焦点成分form形freemorpheme自由词素fronting前置fullsentence完全句functionalword功能词futureinthepast过去将来时间 G gender性generalquestion一般疑问句genericreference类指genitivecase属格get passiveget 型被动态giveninformation已知信息grammar语法grammaticalconnector语法纽带grammaticalmeaning语法意义Hheadword中心词hierarchicalstructure层次结构hypotheticalmeaning假设意义hypotheticalpasttime假设性过去时间hypotheticalpresenttime假设性现在时间 I imaginarypresenttime想象性现在时间implicationalconditional引申性条件句impliedconditional含蓄条件句indefinitearticle不定冠词indefinitepersonalpronoun不定人称代词indefinitepronoun不定代词indefinitespecificreference非确定特指independentclause独立分句indirectobject间接宾语indirectspeech间接引语individualnoun个体名词infinitiveclause不定式分句inflection屈折变化informationfocus信息中心 ingparticipleclause ing分词分句interjection感叹词interrogativepronoun疑问代词internalnegation内部否定intransitiveverb不及物动词inversion倒装 K kernelsentence核心句Llatertime后时性lexicalconnector词汇纽带lexicalmeaning词汇意义linearstructure线性结构linkingverb连系动词logicalconnector逻辑纽带logicalnecessity逻辑必然low rise低升调 M mainclause主句mainverb主动词marginalmodalauxiliary边际情态助动词masculinegender阳性massnoun不可数名词materialnoun物质名词meaning义minorsentence不完全句modalauxiliary情态助动词modification修饰morpheme词素morphemeword单词素词multi wordverb多词动词 N negativeword否定词neutergender中性newinformation新信息nominalellipsis名词性省略nominalsubstitution名词性替代non assertiveword非肯定词non finiteclause非限定分句non finiteverbphrase非限定动词词组non restrictivemodifier非限制性修饰语noun名词noungenitive名词属格nounmodifier名词修饰语nounphrase名词词组nucleus调心nuclearpattern调心型 O object宾语objectcomplement宾语补语objectivecase宾格obligation义务of genitiveof 属格one membersentence单成分句open classword开放性词类operator操作词ordinalnumeral序数词 P paragraph段落parallelconstruction平行结构passivevoice被动态pastperfective过去完成体pastperfectiveprogressive过去完成进行体pastprogressive过去进行体pasttense过去时perfectiveaspect完成体permission许可personalpronoun人称代词personalreference人称照应phonology语音 语音学 音位学 phrasal prepositionalverb词组介词动词phrasalverb词组动词phrase词组 P possessivedeterminer物主限定词possessivepronoun物主代词possibility可能postdeterminer后位限定词postmodifier后置修饰语postponement后置predeterminer前位限定词predicate谓语predicateverb谓语动词predictability预测prefix前缀premodifier前置修饰语preposition介词prepositionalverb介词动词prescriptivegrammar规定语法 P present futuretime与现在时间有联系的将来时间presentperfective现在完成体presentperfectiveprogressive现在完成进行体presentprogressive现在进行体presenttense现在时primaryauxiliary基本助动词primaryderivative原始派生词pro form替代词progressiveaspect进行体pronoun代词pronounreference代词照应propernoun专有名词pseudo cleftsentence 拟似 分裂句purefuturetime单纯将来时间 Q question疑问句Rrealconditional真实条件句realpasttime真实性过去时间realpresenttime真实性现在时间reference照应关系reflexivepronoun反身代词relativeadverb关系副词relativeclause关系分句relativedeterminer关系限定词relativepronoun关系代词restrictivemodifier限制性修饰语rhetoric修辞rhetoricalquestion修辞疑问句 S sametime同时性secondperson第二人称semantics语义 语义学 semi auxiliary半助动词semi negativeword半否定词sentence句子sentencegroup语段 句群sentencemodifier句子修饰语simpleclause简单分句simplepast一般过去时simplepresent一般现在时simplesentence简单句situationalmeaning情景意义sound音specialquestion特殊疑问句 S specificreference特指splitinfinitive分裂不定式squintingmodifier偏斜修饰语statement陈述句stativeverb静态动词structuralmeaning结构意义structuralword结构词styledisjunct方式评注性状语subject主语subjectcomplement主语补语subjectivecase主格subordinateclause从句subordination从属substitution替代substitutionpro form替代词suffix后缀surfacestructure表层结构 T tagquestion附加疑问句tense时tensesystem时制thirdperson第三人称time时间toneunit语调组trailingsentence拖沓句transferredepithet转移修饰语transitiveverb及物动词Uuncountablenoun不可