广东高考读写写作题.doc

读写任务写作第一节：读写任务的命题特点及应对策略一、读写任务的概述读写任务是2007年广东高考英语新增设的一个题型。它要求考生先阅读一篇200词左右的短文，再根据所给任务说明和要求，写一篇150字左右的英语短文。这一题型旨在考查考生“用英语获取信息、处理信息、传达信息的能力；分析问题、解决问题的能力以及用英语进行思维和表达的能力”，也就是说“考生综合语言运用能力”。二、读写任务的特点 “读写任务”与“基础写作”对比，除在文章的“连贯性”上要求相同外，其不同点表现在以下几方面：1词句控制：“基础写作”有5个句子数的限制；“读写任务”要求“概括短文的内容要点，该部分的字数大约30词左右”和全文150字左右的限制。2内容要求：“基础写作”所要表达的信息已经全部用中文给出，不能增加或者删减；“读写任务”要求对所给的英文语言材料进行加工，即客观、准确而又全面地转述所给材料的观点，并在此基础上对材料观点做出判断，即表明肯定、否定或者折衷的立场。3能力要求：“基础写作”侧重考查学生对句法(语法)的掌握程度及初步的语篇布局能力，而“读写任务”侧重考查考生概括能力、思辨能力和较高的语篇布局能力。三、评分标准读写任务的评分标准是“概括的准确性、语言的规范性、内容的合适性以及篇章的连贯性”。 1“概括的准确性”是指考生必须首先读懂所给材料，把握材料整体结构，明确作者的基本观点，然后提纲挈领，用简单明了的语言，客观、准确、全面地转述所给文字材料。 2“语言的规范性”是指考生写作时要注意用英语思维，避免用中国式英语，所写语言要合乎英语语法，不能有语法错误。 3“内容的合适性”是指写作时选材必须切题，即选取的材料必须紧扣话题，同时也必须是写作说明及写作要求所提示或规定的。 4“篇章的连贯性”是指考生写作时要紧紧围绕一个明确的主题，文章段落的主题要与整个文章的主题之间相呼应。无论是段落间还是句与句之间要注意恰当使用过渡词，使之衔接自然。四、解题步骤 读写任务的写作步骤主要包括：明确任务、审读阅读材料、概括对方观点、提出自己的观点并加以论证。 1明确任务。认真阅读命题，弄清任务和要求。很明显，任务之一“概括短文的内容要点”，任务之二：“发表你的看法”。 2概括转述所给短文的大意。对短文进行概括是一个获取信息、加工信息的过程，而且要用自己的语言来表达，客观简要地转述作者的观点、论据和结论。 3完成第二项任务-提出自己的观点并加以论证。五、读写篇章结构的概述读写任务所提供的短文体裁多样，包括：说明文（说明一种现象）、记叙文(如用一个故事引出一个话题或道理)或新闻报道、论说文等。题材多为当今社会热点问题，难度不会太高。要求考生快速阅读全文，掌握文章所要表达的主题思想，然后用大约30词来概括这篇短文的意思，并且不能抄袭原文中的句子。要求概括精炼、到位。概括文章大意时，不同的文体处理的方法不同。 1论说文的阅读与写作 论说文主要用来讲明道理、议论是非、提出观点和看法。阅读时要把握文章的结构。论说文的三段式：提出论点：作者的观点、文章的主题，或正面直接提出或反面间接指出。 论证论点：以论据和逻辑推理来证明所提观点的正确性或错误性。得出结论：重申论点，总结归纳或提出建议或展望等。是对论点的进一步扩展或升华。据此，我们归纳出几种主要的论说文逻辑结构：型结构：A主题（论点）演绎（论据与论证）归纳（结论）；B引子（一种已有的现象）主题演绎归纳；C主题演绎归纳再演绎（再论据与论证）再归纳（论点的扩展、升华）型结构：A演绎（论据）归纳（主题）B演绎（论据）归纳（主题）再演绎再归纳在写作中应抓住文章的论点和结论，这是概括文章的核心部分。中间的论证常用举例、引用、列数字、比喻、反正及逻辑推理等方法。在读写写作的实践中，有的论说文是对两种不同观点或相反观点的论说。其基本的结构不会变，我们在作文时要把两种观点的内容都概括进去。2说明文的阅读与写作说明文，说明事物或问题的表象、实质、原因、意义、发展过程等。其文章结构多为：提出问题：指出说明文的要点或主旨。 分析问题：分析说明要点或主旨的过程，可以利用多种说明、分析方法。 解决问题和得出结论：分析、说明的结果。在这种基础和典型的写作方法中，重点部分在首尾两部分。阅读时，抓住其主题句，作为概括文章的核心部分。阅读第部分时，抓住作者展开文章时所用的说明方法，如：举例、引用、下定义、列数字、按时空顺序、按重要性顺序、分类说明等。这样，就理清了文章的思路、结构，再根据写作的要求概括全文。在读写写作的实践中，有的说明文是两种不同或相反观点的论说。其基本的结构不会变。我们在作文时要把两种观点的内容都概括进去。3记叙文的阅读与写作记叙文和故事性很强的文章多是通过记叙一件事或讲述一个故事来引导或总结出一个观点或议题。在概括时应该注意文章前部或最后的总结、说明性的语句，把文中主人的活动及其意义或反映的问题或作者的观点和态度表达出来。第二节：论说文的阅读与写作解题思路：我们可以分两个阶段、若干个小步聚完成任务。第一阶段，概括全文；第二阶段，就文章的观点发表意见。第一阶段，概括全文。首先，认真阅读文章，确定论说文的基本结构（型或型结构），抓住文章的论点和结论，根据写作的要求，用自己的语言概述出来。有两种不同观点或相反观点的论说文，要把两种观点的内容都概括进去，这时要注意语言的精炼。第二阶段，就文章的观点发表意见。根据题目要求，可以同意或者反对文章观点，也可以对文章的各种观点进行折中。发表自己的观点部分一定要围绕着题目要求进行或展开，题目已要求的内容一个也不能少。解题步骤第一阶段1在原文中找出主题句或论点，并paraphrase。2在文中找出各论据，并paraphrase。3完成对文章的概括。第二阶段4就题目要求了的内容一一作答，并表明你的现实情况及你的观点。5你的观点的论据（或支持句）。6总结或对你的观点扩展、升华。第一篇阅读下列短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文.More and more students are doing part-time jobs in holidays. There are many advantages in students doing part-time jobs. For example, earning some money can support them. They can also learn a lot which cant be learned from textbooks. They will learn to get along with different kinds of people, get useful work experience and learn to value money. Thus they will apply themselves to society more easily. However, some people think there are also some disadwtntages. Too much work may reduce students study time when they should get the best of their school life. Thus it will have a bad effect on gaining knowledge. Another disadvantage is that money earned, if not proper used, may lead to some bad habits, or even greed.写作内容 1)概括短文的内容要点，该部分的字数大约30词左右; 2)就“中学生应不应该从事假期打工”这一话题发表你的看法，至少包括以下的内容要点，该部分大约120词左右; a)关于假期打工，你的看法是什么? b)陈述你赞成打工或不赞成打工的原因。 c)如果你赞成打工，你将怎样对待学习；或者如果你赞成不打工，你将怎样了解社会? 写作要求你可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不可抄袭阅读材料的句子。解题指导：第一阶段，概括全文。 步骤1认真阅读全文，确定论说文的基本结构（型或型结构），抓住文章的论点和结论（主题句或论点）用横线划出来。(见文章原文)，并用更简明的语言改写。 即：There are many advantages in students doing part-time jobs. 注意：概括的主题句是陈述客观的事实而非发表主观的见解。陈述客观事实用实义动词 (例如show, prove, explore, explain等等)居多。发表主观见解用形容词 (如necessary, important, easy等等) 或情态动词 (如should, ought to, must等等)；例如，我们从第一句话的核心词think可以知道这是一个鲜明的主观观点。但是，我们概括是要用客观的口气进行陈述，即：There are two different opinions about whether students should take a part-time job in holidays.步骤2在文中找出各论据，改写。注意论据必须来源于阅读的文章，不能自己随意发挥。论点:There are two different opinions about whether students should take a part-time job in holidays. 论据一: Earning some money can support them. 论据二: They will apply themselves to society more easily. 论据三: It will have a bad effect on gaining knowledge. 论据四：Money earned, if not proper used, may lead to some bad habits, or even greed. 现在，练习用英文对上面的句子进行paraphrase (用英文解释英文)，完成对原文的概括。 论点:There are two different opinions about whether students should take a part-time job in holidays. 论点一及论据：Some think its good for them, for they can not only earn some money but also get society experiences. 论点二及抡据：Others think its harmful to students, which will have bad influence on their study and may make them get into bad habits.步骤3完成对文章的概括第二阶段，发表个人见解。步骤4就题目要求的内容一一作答，并表明你的现实情况及你的观点。你的观点可以是同意或者反对文章的观点，也可以对文章的各种观点进行折中。内容要点：a)关于假期打工，你的看法是什么?b) 如果你赞成打工，你将怎样对待学习；或者如果你赞成不打工，你将怎样了解社会?为了紧扣内容要点，建议使用航标式主题句来凸现我们的个人见解，例如： 1) I usually do (or not do ) part-time job2) In my opinion, 3) It is to do (or not do ) part-time job 4) Besides it 这样，第一，可以保证不离题，有的放矢地瞄准内容要点的要求；第二，可以帮助读者追踪我们的思路。步骤5你的观点的论据（或支持句）。陈述你赞成打工或不赞成打工的原因。步骤6总结或对你的观点扩展、升华。 最后，我们用一个总表来总结这篇文章的写作框架。同学们尝试写一下。 概括部分论点There are two different opinions about whether students should take a part-time job in holidays.论点一及论据论点二及论据个人见解部分你的现实情况你的观点论据一论据二附：英语议论文根据命题特点，从形式上来看可分为如下类型: “一分为二”的观点。如“轿车大量进入家庭后，对家庭、环境、经济可能产生的影响” “两者选一”的观点。如，期中考试作文题，“乘火车还是乘飞机” “我认为”型。如“你对课外阅读的看法” “怎样（how to）”型。如“怎样克服学习中碰到的困难”。 第二篇阅读下列短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 The Internet was a great invention of the last century. With its invention, the whole world has been changed and our life has been changed, too. We can read books without going to libraries; we can do shopping without going to department stores; we can travel wherever we want to without leaving our home; we can talk to people known or unknown. Because of the Internet, the world is more exciting, and our life is more colorful. However, when we enjoy the advantages the Internet has brought us, we should not ignore (忽略) the disadvantages. The Internet also has many negative (消极的) effects on our life. Many young people have become addicted (上瘾的)to online chatting and playing games. The longer they stay on1ine, the more difficult it is for them to live in the real world. Whats more, some students even will give up their studies once they get into the habit of surfing on the Internet. So many parents are even afraid of computers. 写作内容1)概括短文的内容要点，该部分的字数大约30词左右;2)就“应不应该禁止学生上网”这一话题发表你的看法，至少包括以下的内容要点，该部分大约70词左右; a)你对学生上网持什么态度?为什么? b)学校和家长应该怎样应对中学生上网?写作要求你可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不可抄袭阅读材料的句子。解题步骤1认真阅读全文，确定文章结构类型。2在原文中找出主题句或论点、论据，并paraphrase。3就题目要求的内容一一作答，并表明你的现实情况及你的观点。4你的观点的论据（或支持句）。解题1：认真阅读全文，确定文章结构类型。解题2：在原文中找出主题句或论点、论据，并paraphrase。（主题句）Because of the Internet, the world is more exciting, and our life is more colorful. The Internet also has many negative effects on our life.A论点1之论据：With its invention, the whole world has been changed and our life has been changed, too. We can read books without going to libraries; we can do shopping without going to department stores; we can travel wherever we want to without leaving our home; we can talk to people known or unknown.B论点2之论据：Many young people have become addicted (上瘾的) to online chatting and playing games. The longer they stay on1ine, the more difficult it is for them to live in the real world. Whats more, some students even will give up their studies once they get into the habit of surfing on the Internet.Paraphrase：Since its invention, the Internet has changed the whole world and is making our life more and more exciting, colorful and easier. But the addiction to it has become a great danger .解题3就题目要求的内容一一作答，并表明你的现实情况及你的观点。解题4：你的观点的论据（或支持句）。第三篇请根据以下的任务说明和写作要求，写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 任务说明 你要参加一场英语辩论赛，主题是“英语课堂应该用英语还是汉语授课”。在参赛之前，你要查阅相关资料，并准备你的演讲发言。请认真阅读下面的短文，然后完成以下的任务。 1) 概括短文的内容要点，该部分的字数大约30； 2) 就“英语课堂应该用英语还是汉语授课”这个主题发表你的看法，至少包括以下的内容要点，该部分的字数大约120； a) 以你的英语课堂为例，你的老师经常用英语还是汉语授课，什么时候用汉语授课，什么时候用英语授课； b）你老师的语言选择取决于什么因素? C）联系到广大的中同学生，你认为应该如何利用好这两种语言资源；为什么? 阅读材料The Role of Mother Tongue in English ClassroomIn foreign language teaching, the role of mother tongue is probably the most complicated question to answer. The idea of avoiding the mother tongue in language teaching comes from around the turn of the 20th Century. Many teachers might have tried to change to all-English classroom, only to find themselves unable to get across the difficult meaning. Students do not understand and fast lose interest. Teachers give up the game and return to the use of mother tongue. They find mother tongue is learner-friendly. Given the chance, learners will choose to translate without encouragement from the teacher. It is also humanistic because it permits them to say what they want. Of course, it saves the time spent explaining. Things are more complicated than we expect. The use of English in an English language classroom is also valuable and necessary. It improves the relation between the teachers and the students. The students will be more than happy to understand teachers English, which helps the learning of English in a real sense. A chat in English by the teacher with students before the start of the lesson not only reduces students anxiety but also greatly motivates the learners. The use of English is the teaching objective of the lesson. A person with knowledge of swimming cannot learn to swim unless he goes into the water. We cannot expect that a student can speak Chinese to learn English! Maybe the answer to this problem is not so clear cut. A balanced diet might be a possible way out.解题步骤1认真阅读全文，确定文章结构类型。2在原文中找出主题句或论点、论据，并paraphrase。3就题目要求的内容一一作答，并表明你的现实情况及你的观点。4你的观点的论据（或支持句）。第四篇阅读下列短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 In one way of thinking, failure is part of life. In another way, failure may be a way towards success. The “spider (蜘蛛) story” is often told. Robert Bruce, the leader of the Scots (苏格兰) in the 13th century, was hiding in a cave. He watched a spider spinning a web (织网). The spider tried to reach across a rough place in the rock. He tried six times to span (跨过) the gap. On the seventh time he made it and went on to spin his web. Bruce is said to have taken heart and to have gone to defeat the Englishman. Edison, the inventor of the light bulb (灯泡), made hundreds of models that failed before he found the right way to make one. Once he was asked why he kept on trying to make a new type of battery (电池) when he had failed so often, he replied,“Failure?I have no failure. Now I know 50,000 ways it wont work.”写作内容1)概括短文的内容要点,该部分的词数大约为30左右; 2)就“失败与成功”这一话题发表你的看法, 至少包括以下的内容要点，该部分大约120词左右;a)你认为生活或学习中常有失败吗?b)你对失败持什么态度?c)你认为怎样才能从失败走向成功?解题步骤1认真阅读全文，确定文章结构类型。2在原文中找出主题句或论点、论据，并paraphrase。3就题目要求的内容一一作答，并表明你的现实情况及你的观点。4你的观点的论据（或支持句）。第五篇阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。Why do people play football? Its a stupid game, and dangerous too. So many people fight for more than 90 minutes to kick a ball into a net. They get more black eyes. On dry, hard ground, they even break their bones. Footballers must be mad. And why do so many people watch football? They must be mad, too. They shout and scream like madmen. When there s a tootball match, Im afraid to go out. The crowds are so dangerous. Id rather stay at home and watch TV. But what happens when I turn it on? It is a football match. So I turn on the radio. What do I hear? Here is the football news. And what do I see when I open a newspaper? Photos of footballers, interviews with footballers, reports of football matches.Footballers are the heroes of the 21st cenlury. Theyre rich and famous. Why? Because they can kick a ball around. How stupid! Everyone seems to be mad about football, but Im not.Damn with football, I say.写作内容1 概括短文的内容要点，该部分大约30词；2 你喜欢足球吗？你爱看足球吗？你为足球疯狂吗？你认为上面短文中作者的观点如何呢？请谈谈你对足球的看法，该部分大约120词。1） 足球是一项运动，对身体有好处，能有效地改善生理机能；2） 在工作之余，看一场足球比赛是一种享受，可以让身心都得到放松；3） 但是，对足球运动过分狂热是不可取的；4） 足球运动员仅因为会踢球而比其他人更富有、更有名气是没有道理的。第三节、说明文的阅读与写作解题思路：说明文，说明事物或问题的表象、实质、原因、意义、发展过程等。其结构相对议论文要简单些，基本结构为：提出问题；分析问题；解决问题和得出结论；其它多为基本型的变体。写作时，抓住首尾两部分，找出其主题句，作为概括文章的核心部分。对两种不同或相反观点的说明文，要把两种观点的内容都概括进去。写作分两个阶段、四个小步聚完成任务。第一阶段，概括全文；第二阶段，就文章的观点发表意见。第一阶段，概括全文。首先，认真阅读文章，确定文章的基本结构，抓住文章的论点和结论，根据写作的要求，用自己的语言概述出来。有两种不同观点或相反观点的论说文，要把两种观点的内容都概括进去，这时要注意语言的精炼。第二阶段，就文章的观点发表意见。根据题目要求，可以同意或者反对文章观点，也可以对文章的各种观点进行折中。发表自己的观点部分一定要围绕着题目要求进行或展开，题目要求了的内容一个也不能少。解题步骤1认真阅读全文，确定文章结构类型。2在原文中找出主题和结论，并paraphrase。3就题目要求的内容一一作答，并表明你的现实情况及你的观点。4你的主题的支持句或主题的展开、升华。第一篇阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的短文。Everyone needs encouragement. Sometimes many people in this world feel discouraged, unworthy, or unlovable. You can make a difference if you honestly and sincerely encourage them. Let them know that they are capable, and they can finish many tasks.Teenagers and children both need to be encouraged. As friends, we should talk with them and give them a clear picture of how you see them doing something well. Let them talk about their dreams. Be sure that they will be able to do what they want to do. Praise them for their accomplishments. Encourage them to do something more challenging. Don t let them have a self-pity party.写作内容 1概括短文的内容要点，该部分大约30词； 2每个人都需要鼓励，鼓励对于每一个人来说都是很重要的。你是如何看待“鼓励”的?请谈谈你的看法，该部分大约120词。 1)在我们的生活中应该以鼓励为主。父母应该多鼓励自己的孩子；老师应该多鼓励他们的学生； 2)当我们的朋友灰心丧气时，我们应该用言语鼓励他们，用行动支持他们； 3)在鼓励别人的同时也要鼓励自己。鼓励自己能增强自信，能让我们把事情做得更好。 写作要求 你可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的观点，也可以参照阅读材料中的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。解题1认真阅读全文，确定文章结构类型。在原文中找出主题或题句，及说明的要点。见原文。2对主题和结论进行paraphrase。A.Encouragement is so important that everyone in this world needs it ,especially teenagers and children. We need it to feel worthy ,lovable and more self-confident, but not self-pity. B.Everyone is in need of encouragement, which is very important. Encouraged by others, people will have more courage to do what they like to do.3对写作内容要求的1）2）3）作答。4对主题升华：No punishment, less criticism, but more encouragemet.第二篇阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的短文。 Opportunities dont come often. They come every once in a while. Very often, they come quietly and go by without being noticed. Therefore, it is advisable that you should value and treat them with care. An opportunity presents itself, and it brings a promise but never realizes it on its own. If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your goals, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared. Otherwise, you will take no advantage of opportunities when they come to visit you. As a Chinese proverb goes, The gods cannot help those who do not seize opportunities. It is clear that in order to be highly qualified for our future jobs, we should make preparations. Opportunities are also the basis of success, because a person who doesnt pay attention to opportunities will never know the importance of them.写作内容 1概括短文的内容要点，该部分大约30词；2在我们的一生中，机遇是非常重要的。那么，你是怎么看待机遇的?请发表你的观点，至少包括以下内容，该部分大约120词。 1)机遇对于每一个人来说都是平等的，它会悄悄地来到我们身边； 2)我们应该做好一切准备，等机会到来时，我们就抓住它； 3)很多成功的人能够抓住机会； 4)作为当今社会的年轻人，我们要珍惜机会，并好好利用它。第三篇阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的短文。As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend. People need friends to talk with, to turn to, and to play with. If a person has no friends, what will his life be like? When you have something difficult to cope with, you will have no one to advise you and have to decide everything by yourself. When you are happy, you have no one to share your happiness with you. Can you bear such a life? A friend in need is a friend indeed, some people say. Maybe it is a definition of true friendship. If you can get advice from your friends when you are in trouble, share your joy with your friends when you are happy, and keep in contact with your friends even if you are a long distance away, then I think you have some true friends. There is no strict principle in making friends. If you have the same likes and dislikes, if you always have some topics to talk about, or if you like each other, then you can be friends. 写作内容 1概括短文的内容要点，该部分大约30词；2你认为友谊很重要吗?你认为交朋友时应该注意什么?请发表你的观点，至少包括以下内容，该部分大约120词。 1)随着社会的发展，友谊变得越来越重要了； 2)交朋友时要以诚待人，友好相处； 3)记住不要以貌取人； 4)记住朋友的姓名和生日；5)与朋友产生分歧时要互相商量。 第四篇Messages from the MediaA communication media is a means of communicating a message. Examples of media are TV, radio, newspapers and books and the telephone. The media that can reach many people at once are called mass media. It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media. Every day we get hundreds of them. Think about advertisements, for example. We see and hear these messages almost everywhere we go. Advertisements are important messages, even though they are sometimes annoying. They help us compare and evaluate products. Most of us get more information from the media than from the classroom. Think of all the messages you receive today. Perhaps you read a newspaper during breakfast, or maybe you read advertisements on billboards on your way to school. You listen to a weather forecast or the sports news on the radio, or get information from a book, an important medium of mass communication. We use the information we get from radio, TV, newspapers and advertisements to make decisions and form opinions. That is why the mass media are so important. For example, articles in newspaper help us how to vote, and international news on TV makes us think and form opinions about q