语料库研究基本方法.ppt

语料库研究基本方法 中国外语教育研究中心梁茂成 主要内容 语料库语言学的性质几个常用术语语料库研究的基本方法 语料库语言学的性质 理性主义与经验主义Rationalism IthinkthereforeIam Empiricism Mymindisa blankslate Seeingisbelieving 语料库语言学的性质 theWaxArgument Heconsidersapieceofwax hissensesinformhimthatithascertaincharacteristics suchasshape texture size color smell andsoforth Whenhebringsthewaxtowardsaflame thesecharacteristicschangecompletely However itseemsthatitisstillthesamething itisstillapieceofwax eventhoughthedataofthesensesinformhimthatallofitscharacteristicsaredifferent 语料库语言学的性质 theWaxArgument Therefore inordertoproperlygraspthenatureofthewax hecannotusethesenses Hemustusehismind Descartesconcludes AndsosomethingwhichIthoughtIwasseeingwithmyeyesisinfactgraspedsolelybythefacultyofjudgmentwhichisinmymind 语料库语言学的性质 Empiricism Empiricismemphasizesthoseaspectsofscientificknowledgethatarecloselyrelatedtoevidence especiallyasdiscoveredinexperiments Itisafundamentalpartofthescientificmethodthatallhypothesesandtheoriesmustbetestedagainstobservationsofthenaturalworld ratherthanrestingsolelyonreasoningandintuition 语料库语言学的性质 Scienceisconsideredtobemethodologicallyempiricalinnature Corpuslinguisticsisempiricalinnature 语料库语言学的性质 语言研究中的数据类型内省数据 introspectivedata rationalism实验数据 experimentaldata empiricism真实数据 anthenticdata empricism 语料库语言学的性质 语料库语言学提倡真实数据我们不排斥其他数据类型 语料库语言学的性质 即便在语料库语言学阵营之中Corpus driven minimumtheory reliance ExclusiverelianceoncorpusdataforalltheoriesCorpus based Relianceoncorpusdataforhypothesis testingCorpus referenced informed Occasionallyresortingtocorpusdataforillustrations 语料库语言学的性质 我们坚决反对不顾语言事实的任何论断Nointrospectioncanclaimcredencewithoutverificationthroughreallanguagedata Teubert2005 几个常用术语 CorpusCorpuslinguistics 几个常用术语 Token type lemmaThelittleboylookedattheotherboys 几个常用术语 Collocationisdefinedasasequenceofwordswhichco occurmoreoftenthanwouldbeexpectedbychance abigsmokerastrongsmokerahardsmokeraheavysmokerafurioussmoker 几个常用术语 Itisquitepossible infact todescribeawomanashandsome However thisimpliesthatsheisnotbeautifulatallinthetraditionalsenseoffemalebeauty butratherthatsheismatureinage haslargefeaturesandacertainstrengthofcharacter Similarly amancouldbedescribedasbeautiful butthiswouldusuallyimplythathehadfemininefeatures 几个常用术语 Colligationisdefinedasasequenceofgrammaticalcategorieswhichco occurmoreoftenthanwouldbeexpectedbychance 几个常用术语 SemanticprosodyisinstantiatedwhenawordsuchasCAUSEco occursregularlywithwordsthatshareagivenmeaningormeanings andthenacquiressomeofthemeaning s ofthosewordsasaresult Thisacquiredmeaningisknownassemanticprosody Stewart2010 语料库研究的基本方法 Corpus basedapproach ahypothesis testingapproachCorpus drivenapproach withas fewpreconceivedideas aspossible keepingtheamountoftheory reliancetoaminimuminordernottohindertheprocessofdiscoveringnewphenomena R mer2005 语料库研究的基本方法 Bothapproachesalmostalwaysinvolveacomparionofsomekind 语料库研究的基本方法 Sizesofcorporaincomparison Rayson2003 SmallbigEqualsizes 语料库研究的基本方法 TypesofcomparisonAcrossgenresAcrossusersAcrossdifferenttimesAcross varietiesof language s 语料库研究的基本方法 Corpuscomparability 语料库研究的基本方法 LinguisticfeaturesincorpuscomparisonLexicalLexico grammaticalSyntacticDiscoursal 语料库研究的基本方法 StatistictestsincorpuscomparisonSimple Relationship correlation etc Differe