高级英语课件InauguralAddress.ppt

InauguralAddress JohnF Kennedy Unit4 TeachingObjectives ToknowthefeaturesofapoliticalspeechToappreciatethelanguagefeaturesofKennedy saddressToacquaintthestudentswithsomefamousEnglishspeechesTotakethisspeechasagoodexampletolearnsometechniquesinwritingaspeech TeachingFocus ThedifferencebetweenaspeechandanargumentPoliticalbackgroundBiblicalandancientRomanstylewritingsandallusionsAround aboutwayinvaguetermstoconveypoliticalviewswhicharenotopenlystated TeachingMethods Teacher orientedteachingmethodStudent orientedteachingmethodTheelicitedmethod TeachingProcedure IntroductoryRemarks BackgroundInformation LearningFocus KeywordsandExpressions ExplanationoftheText DivisionoftheText TheWritingStyle RhetoricalDevices Exercises IntroductoryRemarks IntroductoryRemarks J F Kennedyaddressesaworldwideaudienceinhisinauguralspeech Hemakesageneralstatementofbasicpolicygoals TheUnitedStatesispreparedtopayanyprice bearanyburden andmeetanyhardshiptodefendhumanrights libertyandindependenceoffreenations Headdressesdifferentgroupsofalliednationsorwould beallies aswellastheUnitedNations Heturnstohisenemy warningthattheU S ispreparedtoopposeanyfoeatallcosts sothey dbetternegotiateandcooperatewithU S Heappealstohiscountrymenandcitizensoftheworldforsupportandsacrificeinordertodefendhumanrightsandfreedom PresidentKennedy sfinestmasterpieceandoneofthebestspeeches Itisapersuasivespeechwiththeclearpurpose toexplain convinceandpersuadethepeoplethatwhatheissayingandwhatheisplanningtodobestrepresenttheirinterestssotheyshouldsupporthim DetailedStudyoftheText BackgroundInformation 1 BriefIntroductiontoJohnKennedyOnNovember22 1963 whenhewashardlypasthisfirstthousanddaysinoffice JohnFitzgeraldKennedywaskilledbyanassassin sbulletsashismotorcadewoundthroughDallas Texas KennedywastheyoungestmanelectedPresident hewastheyoungesttodie 2 InaugurationthepeacefultransferofpowerfromoneindividualtoanothergoingbacktoPresidentGeorgeWashingtontheinductionofthenewpresidentwasscheduledonMarch4 everyfourthyearsince1793 ithastakenplaceonJanuary20since1937theinauguralballin1809fourorfiveballroomsinWashington 3 SolemnOath IdosolemnlyswearthatIwillfaithfullyexecutetheOfficeofPresidentoftheUnitedStates andwill tothebestofmyability preserve protectanddefendtheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates LearningFocus TounderstandthepoliticalbackgroundToappreciatethebiblicalandancientRomanstylewritingsandallusionsTounderstandaround aboutwayinvaguetermstoconveypoliticalviewswhicharenotopenlystated KeywordsandExpressions 1 inaugural a ofaninaugurationinauguration n inaugurate v theprofessor sinaugurallecture2 symbolize v tobeasymbolof standfor InEurope thecolorwhitesymbolizespurity 3 signify v tobeasignorindicationof mean Recentchangesinclimatemaysignifythatglobalwarmingisstartingtohaveaneffect 4 almighty a havingunlimitedpower all powerful AlmightyGod Father 5 prescribe v tosetdownasaruleordirection order whatpunishmentdoesthelawprescribeforcorruption 6 abolish v todoawaywithcompletely putanendto Thelegislaturepassedalawtoabolishthesurtax 7 temper v tostrengthenthroughexperienceorhardship toughen Thosesoldiershadbeentemperedbycombat 8 discipline v tosubjecttodiscipline train control Studentsmustlearntodisciplinethemselves 9 oppose v toresist withstand Manymembersofthecouncilopposedthebuildingoftheluxuryhousesinthecenterofthecity 10 assure v tomake difficultthing certain guarantee Icanassureyouofthereliabilityofthenews 11 venture n abusinessprojectoractivity especiallyonethatinvolvestakingrisks ajointventure12 iron a cruel merciless irondiscipline 13 renew v togooveragain sayagain repeat Irenewedmyspiritsinthecountry 14 forum n assemblyforthediscussionofpublicmattersorcurrentquestions Theletterpageofthisnewspaperisaforumforpublicargument 15 shield n anypersonorthingthatguards protectordefends16 unleash v toreleaseorletgofromorasfromaleashleash n leadesp AmE Alldogsmustbekeptonaleashinpublicplaces leash v tocontrolananimal esp adog withleadorleash 17 stay v restrain Thegovernmenttriestostaytheprogressofthedisease 18 invoke v toasksolemnlyfor begfor implore Iinvokedtheirforgiveness 19 eradicate v togetridof wipeout destroy Theirgoalwastoeradicatethepovertyinthecountryside 20 testimony n formofevidence indication proof Theseresultsareatestimonytoyourhardwork 21 shrink v toavoidorwishtoavoidtakingaction bereluctant withdraw Ashymanshrinksfrommeetingstrangers 22 atissue indispute tobedecided indisagreement Whatisatissueistheextenttowhichexamresultsreflectastudent sability 23 atodds indisagreement quarrelling antagonistic Hewasatoddswithhiscolleagues 24 castoff todiscard abandon Thetownisstilltryingtocastoffitsdullimage ExplanationoftheText Para 1 Kennedyemphasizestheimportanceofhiselectionaspresident ItisnotsimplyavictoryoftheDemocraticPartyovertheRepublicanParty Itcelebratesthefreedomofpeopletoelectfreelytheirownheadofthestate Itsymbolizestheendofonepresidentialtermandthebeginningofnewone Thepresidencyiscontinued butthepresidenthaschanged Para 2 Notonlytheadministrationhasbeenchanged buttheworldhaschangedalot Para 3 Kennedyexhortshiscountrymenandforcefullydeclareshisdeterminationto payanyprice todefendhumanrightandlibertyathomeandaroundtheworld Para 4 Liketheprecedingone Kennedyaddressestofriendandfoeatthesametime Itpromisetosupportanyfriendandopposeanyfoe Para 5 transitionfromthegeneralcountriestospecificones Para 6 Itreferstothoseoldallieswiththesameculturalandspiritualorigins esp Englishspeakingcountries suchasCanada Britain Australia NewZealandetc Paras 7 8 Kennedyaddressesthegovernmentsandpeopleofnewlyindependentcountries thethirdworlddevelopingcountries HepromisetogivethemeconomicaidbutwarnthemnottogoovertheCommunist Para 9 KennedyaddressesallthecountrieslyingtoSouthoftheU S incentralandsouthAmerica TheU Shasalwaystriedtodominatethesecountriesandhasquiteofteninterferedintheirinternalaffair Para 10 KennedypledgeshissupporttoUnitedNations Para 11 13 Kennedyaddresseshisenemy Hepointsoutthedestructivepowerofwarandputforwardproposalforarmscontrolnegotiation cooperationinfieldsofscienceandspaceexploration Para 14 20 Kennedyputsforwardhisdifferentproposalsbyemployingtheparallelstructuresthroughouttheseparagraphs Para 21 27 KennedyappealstohisfellowAmericanstosupporthimandbereadytodoeverythingtheycan eventosacrificetheirlives ifnecessary fortheircountry MainPoints TheAppropriateUseofWordsa Tooursisterrepublics para 9 b makethemselvesadversary para 11 1 Threewaystoswaypeople1 throughevidenceandreasoning 2 throughhisowncredibility 3 throughappealstothepeople sbasicsocial biological andpsychologicalneeds wants anddesires 2 Thedeliberateuseofapseudo RomanstyleandBiblicallanguagea andyetthesamerevolutionary fromthehandofGod para 2 b Lettheworldgoforthfromthistimeandplace para 3 c tostrengthenitsshieldofthenew whichitswritmayrun para 10 d Andso myfellowAmericans yourcountry para 25 DivisionoftheText Part1Paras 1 5 ageneralstatementofbasicpolicygoals Part2Paras 6 9 Kennedyaddressesdifferentgroupsofalliednationsorwould beallies Part3Paras 11 19 Kennedyspeakstohisenemy Part4Paras 21 27 Kennedyappealstohiscountrymenforsupportandsacrifice SummaryoftheText TheWritingStyle WellorganizedandhighlyrhetoricalVariousfiguresofspeechTheappropriateuseofwords parallelandbalancedstructures Repetitionofimportantwordsandphrases andantithesisDeliberateuseofapseudo RomanstyleorBiblicallanguageinsomeplaces SummaryoftheText oneofthebestinauguraladdresses itsobject toexplain convinceandpersuadepeoplethatwhatheissayingandplanningtodobestrepresentstheirinterestssotheyshouldsupporthim addressingaworldwideaudienceandappealingnotonlytotheAmericanpeoplebutalsotothedifferentgroupsofnationsintheinternationalcommunity consistingofthreeparts introduction bodyandconclusion extremelywellorganized highlyrhetoricalandfulloflogicalreasoningandemotionalappeal variousfiguresofspeech theappropriateuseofwords somestructuralrhetoricaldevices parallelandbalancedstructures repetitionofimportantwordsandphrases antithesis forthesakeofforce vividnessandemotionalappeal FeaturesoftheSpeech Mostlypersuasionwithverylittleexplanation Torelychieflyonasuccessfulappealtoemotions Notimetocitefactsandreasonswhichcouldconvince Firsttounderstandthepsychologyoftheaudiencetowhomheisdirectinghiswords Toemploysuitablerhetoricaldevicesandwordstocreatethedesiredemotionalimpact Successfulwhentheaudienceisexcitedanddoesnothavemuchtimetothinkorwhentheaudienceisreadysusceptibletothemessageofthespeaker Politicaldemagogyreliesonemotionalappealforitssuccess RhetoricalDevices alliteration friendandfoe para 3 payanyprice bearanyburden metaphor torch inspirationandidealsridingthebackoftiger seekingtheaidofthesocialistcountriesthemasterofitsownhouse Americathatfirecantrulylighttheworld theenergy faith devotionofAmericanpeople parallel verbphrase payanyprice meetanyhardship supportanyfriend andopposeanyfoe para 4 Paras 6 7 8 10 11beginwiththesametypeofphrases Tothoseoldallies Paras 15 16 17 18beginwiththesametypeofphrases Letbothsides repetition allforces and belief para2 committed para 3 good and free para9 beyonddoubt para12 antithesis Afigureofspeechwhichassumesabalancedstructureandemphasizesacontrastinmeaningbyplacingantonymsinparallelposition generallytoproduceasoundrhythm andexpressesgreatwisdomthroughbrevity antithesis United thereislittle Divided thereislittle para 6 Ifafreesocietycannot whoarerich para 8 Letbothsidesexplore divideus para 15 asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou foryourcountry para 25 notasacall tobattle para 22 synecdoche thatstaythehandofmankind sfinalwar para 13 rhetoricalquestion Canweforgeagainst forallmankind para 23 Exercises Exercises OralPresentationMakeafive minutepresentationinclassbasedonyourresearch Suggestedtopics 1 ThepositionofJohnF KennedyinAmericanhistory2 TheColdWar Discriminatebetweenthesesynonyms 1 mortal fatal deadly lethal2 faithful loyal constant staunch resolute 1 mortal fatal deadly lethalFatalifusedtodescribeanythingthatiscapableofcausingorthatactuallyhascauseddeath itcarriesastrongsuggestionoftheinevitabilityoffateAnillnesswhichmightnotbeseriousforayoungperson butwhichwillalmostcertainlyprovefataltoanoldperson Deadlyisinterchangeablewithfatalinthissense LeukemiaisadeadlydiseaseDeadly however inawaythatfatalcannot canrefertoapersonwhodesiresorseekstocausethedeathofanotherperson Themurderedmanhadmanydeadlyenemies Mortal likedeadly canbeappliedbothtothingsorpeoplethatcause arecapableofcausing orseektocausesomeone sdeath Becauseofanancientfamilyfeud thetwocousinshadbeenmortalenemiesfrombirth Initsreferencetothings mortaldiffersfromfatalanddeadlyonlyinthefactthatitisusuallyfoundincontextswhichdetailadeaththathasalreadyoccurred Hewasstruckdownbyamortalblowuponthehead Lethalreferstosomethingwhich becauseofsomeintrinsicqualityinitsmake up iscertaintocausedeath andmayindeedexistfortheexpresspurposesofcausingdeath Cyanideisalethalpoison Withtheexceptionoflethal allthesewordscanbeusedtodescribesomethingthatcausesgreatfearordiscomfort orthatbringsaboutdisasterorruin butthatdosenotleadtophysicaldeath afatalmistake adeadlyinsult inmortalterror 2 faithful loyal constant staunch resoluteFaithfulimpliescontinued steadfastadherencetoapersonorthingtowhichoneisboundbyanoath duty obligation etc afaithfulwifeorhusband loyalimpliesundeviatingallegiancetoaperson cause institution etc whichonefeelsmorallyboundtosupportordefendaloyalfriendconstantsuggestsfreedomfromficklenessinaffectionsorloyaltiesaconstantlover staunch orstanch impliessuchstrongallegiancetoone sp