四级完型填空题的解题方法与技巧.ppt

一 完型填空题的设计 一 完型填空题的设计 完型填空 Cloze 综合填空 障碍性阅读理解 考查内容 它既考察学生英语基础知识的综合运用能力 又考察学生的英语语篇的阅读和理解能力 四级考试对于完形填空的考察趋势 试题的题目难度不断加大 重点逐渐转到对整体预感的测试和整个语篇的理解 所以根据上下文选择词汇的题目比例正在增大 一 完型填空题的设计 题目设计的规则 大约在近250字的文章中每隔8 16字就有一个空格 而且是按照一定的间隔并根据语法或词汇测试的标准设计的 这些空格表面看起来没有什么意义 实际上综合了词汇 语法结构以及阅读理解所要测试的内容 一 完型填空题的设计 完形填空的内容 完型填空涉及说明文 议论文等众多文体体裁 而题裁更涉及到社会领域的方方面面 政治 经济 文化 教育 医学 天文 体育 科技等等 所以考生具备大量的背景知识也是格外重要的 以近几年的十四套真题为例 二 完型填空的做题步骤 步骤一 通读全篇 把握总的思想 了解知识背景 通过 窗口 了解全文 可以判断体裁 把握背景 推测大意 主题或结构 Threegirlswentwalkinginthewoods Theywereenjoyingthemselvessomuchthattheyforgotthetimeandstayedtoolong Adragonkidnappedthem Astheywerebedraggingoff Theycriedforhelp Threeheroesheardthecriesandsetofftheirhorsestorescuethegirls 预测故事结尾 Onepossibleresult Theheroescameandfoughtwiththedragonandrescuedthegirls Thentheheroesreturnedthegirlstotheirplaces Maybe thethreegirlsmarriedthethreemenrespectively Writinginadiary watchingtelevision talkingwithfriends speakingonthetelephone andreadingamenu whatdotheyhaveincommon Thus maybedefinedasthemeansbywhichpeopleexchangefeelingsandideaswitheachother A informationB learningC communicationD acquisition C 步骤二 选择答案 选择答案的方法 一 可以不看选项 自己猜测正确答案 然后再在选项当中选择最接近自己猜测的一项 二 可以将选项带入空格内检测 原则 先易后难 步骤三 为不确定答案寻找线索 文章前面的空格提出的问题很有可能要到文章的末尾才才能找到答案 所以 对于那些难度颇高的空格只有在字里行间寻找线索 一定要上下连贯 合乎逻辑 步骤四 回头补缺我们不提倡在一个题上耽误太多的时间 如果有一个不会我们可以暂时放过 继续思路做下面的题 等通篇做完后再回过头来考虑这个选项 切忌 一定要保证思维的连续性和统一性 步骤五 核实答案 从以下几方面对所选答案进行核查 1 选词是否符合本句内容 使上下文连贯和谐 与全文意义相协调 2 选词是否符合某种固定搭配 3 选词是否符合某种句型 时态 语态的特殊要求 如虚拟语气从句中的谓语动词用原形 过去式 过去完成式 4 所选词本身或附近的词有无特殊要求 如有些动词后面只接动名词而不能接不定式 5 保持自信 不要轻易否定以前选过的选项 必要时对个别答案仍需推敲 发现不妥 要重新考虑 但应慎重 无确实把握 仍应相信第一印象 三 完型填空题的考察内容 三 完型填空题的考察内容 词汇第一 词义辨析 单词的掌握 基本义 例1That somethingspecial wasmen creativeindividualswhocouldinventmachines findnew75ofpower andestablishbusinessorganizationstoreshapesociety A origins 由来 出身 B sourcesC basesD discoveries 第二 形近词辨异例1Speakingquicklybutalmostinawhisper she75everyonethatthepilothadfaintedandaskedifanyofthepassengersknewanythingaboutmachinesoratleasthowtodriveacar A inquiredB insuredC informedD instructed 例2Following88 themanguidedtheplanetowardtheairfield A impressionB informationC inspectionsD instructions例3Neveraskachildwhetherhelikesordislikesafoodandneverdiscusslikesanddislikesinfrontofhimorallow66elsetodoso A everybodyB anybodyC somebodyD nobody 例4A encouragesB enablesC enforcesD ensures例5A attractionB attentionC affectionD motion例6A interferedB interruptedC discouragedD disturbed例7A desiredB revisedC requiredD deserved 第三 词语搭配 例1Themanhadtocircletheairportseveraltimesinordertobecome85withthecontrolsoftheplane A intimateB familiarC understoodD close 例3Alandfreefromdestruction pluswealth naturalresources andlaborsupply allthesewereimportantfactorsinhelpingEnglandtobecomethecenterfortheIndustrialRevolution Buttheywerenotenough Something73wasneededtostarttheindustrialprocess A elseB nearC extraD similar 例2Didyoueverhavesomeone snameonthetipofyourtongueandyetyouwereunabletorecallit Whenthishappensagain donottrytorecallit Dosomething73foracoupleofminutesandthenamemaycomeintoyourhead simpleB apartC elseD similar 例4Takeit 69 grantedthathelikeseverythingandheprobablywill A withB asC overD for例5Butthesevariousmeansofcommunicationdifferinimportantways 68 humanlanguage A aboutB withC fromD in例6 thegreattit 山雀 isacase 77 point A inB atC ofD for 语法 句 第一 指代关系例1Theforeignresearchscholarusuallyisolates76inthelaboratoryasameansofprotection However whatheneedsistobefittedintoahighlyorganizeduniversitysystemquitedifferentfrom79athome 76 A himselfB oneselfC himD one79 A thoseB whichC whatD that 例2Notwospeakersspeakinexactlythesameway Wecanalwaysheardifferences74them A betweenB amongC ofD from 例3Wecanchangeanutterancebyreplacingonewordinitwith 73 A oursB theirsC anotherD others 例4Theyalsosuggestthatourreadersdonotcallforfriendsonlyamongthosewhoaremostlikethem butfindmany 78 differinrace A peopleB whoC whatD friends 第二 虚拟语气例1Professorsdonothavethetimetoexplainhowauniversitylibraryworks Theyexpectstudents particularlygraduatestudents tobeabletoexhaustthereferencesourcesinthelibrary Professorswillhelpstudentswhoneedit but84thattheirstudentsshouldnotbetoodependentonthem A hateB dislikeC likeD prefer 例2Ageographermightbedescribedasonewhoobserves records andexplainsthedifferencesbetweenplaces Ifplaces87alike therewouldbelittleneedforgeographers A beingB areC beD were例3 but 63 youweretomovetheskinyouwouldnottellanythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged A sinceB ifC asD while 第三 倒装知识要点 倒装分完全倒装与部分倒装两种类型 重点是部分倒装 1 否定倒装 指否定副词或否定的副词性结构 hardly seldom scarcely never little nowhere notonce undernocircumstances innoway nosooner than 用于句首时所导致的倒装 如 Vitaminsdonotprovideenergy 42 dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody A eitherB soC norD never 2 虚拟倒装 指在IF引导的虚拟条件句中 将IF省略 把should had were提至主语前 形成倒装 e g WereIyou I llneverpromisetodothat 3 强调倒装 为突出强调某一成分而将它提至句首时 实行倒装 句子结构要求倒装 如 a so倒装句b 以某些表示肯定的副词开头作状语 only often then soc 以某些表示否定的副词开头作状语 little hardly seldom scarcely never nowhere notonced 某些表示否定的副词短语开头作状语 undernocircumstances innoway nosooner than hardly scarcely barely when beforee As作 虽然 但是 解时用半倒装 4 省略倒装 涉及词语包括so neither nor例 70 doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence A OnlyB OrC NorD So 第四 从句和强调句型 例1ThewordgeographycomesfromtwoGreekwords ge theGreekwordfor earth andgraphing 75means towrite A whatB thatC whichD it例2 butabirdhasasinglealarmcry 75 means danger A thisB thatC whichD it例3Thesesecondaryroutesmaygoupsteepslopes alonghighcliffs ordownfrighteninghillsidestotownslyingindeepvalleys Throughtheselessdirectroutes longerandslower theygenerallygotoplaces88theairiscleanandthescenery 风景 isbeautiful A thereB whenC whichD where 第三 语篇考查 篇 例1TheUnitedStatesiswell knownforitsnetworkofmajorhighwaysdesignedtohelpadrivergetfromoneplacetoanotherintheshortestpossibletime Althoughthesewidemodernroadsaregenerallysmoothandwellmaintained with73sharpcurvesandmanystraightsections adirectrouteisnotalwaysthemost 75 one Largehighwaysoftenpass76scenicareasandinterestingsmalltowns 73 A littleB fewC muchD many75 A terribleB possibleC enjoyableD profitable76 A toB intoC overD by 例2Whenresearchisassigned theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwith79guidance Itisthestudent sresponsibilitytofindbooks magazines andarticlesinthelibrary Professorsdonothavethetimetoexplainhowauniversitylibraryworks 79 A maximumB minimumC possibleD practical 四 完型填空题的相应对策针对出题者的考察内容 我们有以下相应的对策 第一种 词义与词形辨析四级完形考察词汇不外乎同义词 反义词 形近词 和词的精确用法 我们应该了解高频词的近义词 反义词 形近词和词汇的基本义 例如 1 Geographerscompareandcontrast placesintheworld A similarB variousC distantD famous 2 Thefindings thatissuesoftrustandbetrayalarecentraltofriendship A secure 保护 B assure 保证 C confirm 证实 D resolve 决心 解决 3 Thebigshops beautifullydecoratedandbrightlylit stayopenlongafterdark ShopownerslikeChristmasbecauseitisatimewhenpeople presents A changeB exchangeC transfer 转移 D transform 转变 第二种 运用上下文逻辑关系填词 并列 转折 对比 列举 原因 结果 让步 补充等关系 表示并列关系的 and ontheonehand ontheother 也可表对比 表示转折关系的 however nevertheless still though yet inspiteof atanyrate inanycase etc 表示对比关系的 onthecontrary incontrast bycontrast incomparison bycomparison conversely etc 表示补充关系的 also further furthermore likewise similarly moreover inaddition what smore not but notonly butalso etc 表示让步关系的 although though nomatter evenif 表示原因关系的 because since as for nowthat consideringthat seeingthat inthat inasmuchas onaccountofthefactthat forfearthat onthegroundthat etc 表示结果关系的 so therefore thus hence accordingly consequently asaresult etc 表示列举关系的 first second third firstly secondly next inthefirstplace foronething tobeginwith toconclude etc 1 Therearefourtypesofblood typesarefoundineveryrace andnotypesisdistincttoanyrace A AllB MostC NoD Some 上下文 2 Theforeignresearchscholarusuallyisolateshimselfinthelaboratoryasameansofprotection whathereallyneedsistobefittedintoahighlyorganizeduniversitysystem A otherwiseB moreoverC howeverD also 逻辑关系 3 Earth sanimalsaredisappearingfasterthantheyreproduce Becausethereistoolittleresearchandtoomuchignorance isawareofhowmuchwearelosing A anyoneB nooneC someoneD eitherone4 Thisact 法案 wasformedtoprotectendangeredspecies landdevelopersandfactoryownersdisagree A HoweverB FurthermoreC ThereforeD Though 第三种 固定搭配 1 Wejudgeraceusually thecoloringoftherace awhiterace abrownrace ayellowraceandablackrace A inB fromC atD on2 Unlikeothersocialrolesthatweareexpectedto 1 ascitizens employees membersofprofessionalsocietiesand 2 organizations ithasitsownprinciple A keepB doC showD playA allB anyC otherD those 第四种 结构识别 but notonly butalso some others 等词组结构和一些重要的句型结构 Thereisnodoubtthat so such that thesame as itis that 强调句型等等 Richasourcountryis thequalitiesofourlivingarebynomeanssatisf