Language and culture-跨文化交际.doc

Language and Culture 1. Public signAs the world around us grows increasingly cosmopolitan by the day, bilingual signs have become a fundamental need in most places around the globe. And bilingual public signs are common in the public areas like stores, streets and scenic spots in China.No Bills 不准张贴On Sale 削价出售 Staff Only 本处职工专用 No Smoking 禁止吸烟Business Hours 营业时间Lost and Found 失物招领处Beware of Pickpocket 谨防扒手Keep Away From Fire 切勿近火Luggage Depository 行李存放处 Dogs Not Allowed 禁止携犬入内But when we proof-read the bilingual signs in China, there are many ridiculous Chinglish which seriously affect Chinas international image.进/出口 Import/ Export Exit/ Entrance存包处 Bag keeping Luggage Center小心落水 Be careful: falling water CAUTION!WA-TER 小心碰头 Be careful of your head/ Pay attention to your head Watch Your Head电话预约 Telephone be speak Phone Reservations北京欢迎你 Beijing welcome you Welcome to Beijing厕所 WC/ Toilet public: restroom; Mens/Womens Roomprivate: Bathroom; washroom( British)“行平安路”被写成“路上安全的线”，“回幸福家”则干脆用汉语拼音“HUI XING FU”和英语单词“FAMILY”来生硬替代，看了让人满头雾水不知所云。 “行平安路”被写成“路上安全的线”，“回幸福家”则干脆用汉语拼音“HUI XING FU”和英语单词“FAMILY”来生硬替代，看了让人满头雾水不知所云。 办税大厅的“大厅”翻译成saloon，在英文里，saloon准确的意思是聚会或者喝酒的地方。 Only can we make public sign work by obeying the translation principles of unify, conciseness, courtesy and aesthetics seriously.2. (1)Clothing (2)Food(1)C l o t h i n g China VS WesternChinese clothing culture differs from western in four aspects as following:.DesignWestern clothing culture is a kind of “revealing” culture.Chinese clothing culture is a kind of “cover” culture.Function AwarenessIn western, most of people focus mainly on wealth and aesthetic functions of clothing.In China, people are more concerned about social status.ColorIn western, people prefer white and black.Red is known as Chinese element. Besides, and yellow is a special color.4.MaterialThe Western tend to use flax(亚麻), wool and cotton.Chinese prefer animal fiber, especially silk.(2)Food Chinese food is truly the most delicate diet in the world. Chinese people pay attention to foods color, flavor and taste.Western people focus on foods nutrition. To a certain extent, western food is easier for cooking.IngredientMost of Chinese diet is uncompleted without vegetables, which sometimes are not the supporting actor, but the main actor.The main actor of Western diet almost is meat, which provides most of protein and fat for people.MannerChinese people use chopsticks to have meals, which is of great benefit to our fingers, hands and brains.Western people like to use forks and knives, which is graceful in some formal occasions.PatternWhen people are in a festival or on a partyChinese people tend to sit together around the table and talk with each other at the same time.Western people are apt to walk around and just communicate with the person whom they are interested in.3. Wedding and funeral (1) Comparison of Chinese and Western wedding customsDifferences： Wedding ColourChinese -red, meaning luck and festive;Western - white, meaning pure, quiet and loveWedding LocationWedding DressChinese wedding dress:Chinese traditional costume, most bride for red costume;The chaplet and official robes(凤冠霞帔)Western wedding dress:The bride on wedding day wears the wedding dress with five items must be included as the old, new, blue and borrowed, the happy bride, and, in a sixpence shoes; White wedding dress Wedding CeremonyChinese:The bridegroom go to the brides home to escort her to the wedding新郎到达新娘家迎亲 Lift sedan(/sdn/轿子) 抬花轿Arrive next car, the bride wedding location到达婚礼地点，新娘下轿bows(heaven and earth, parents, bride)拜天地（一拜天地，二拜父母，夫妻对拜）The bridegroom lift the bridal veil新郎掀新娘的盖头Drink the nuptial wine 喝交杯酒Western:Minister addressed 主婚人致辞New vow to marry each other新人互致结婚誓言Exchange rings 交换戒指Candles ceremony 点蜡烛仪式Flowers ceremony 鲜花仪式Wedding chant 婚礼诵读Sign engagement written 签写婚约Declared married 宣告成婚 (2) FuneralWestern funeral:A funeral is a ceremony for celebrating, respecting, sanctifying, or remembering the life of a person who has died. Within the United States and Canada, in most cultural groups and regions, the funeral rituals can be divided into three parts: Visitation: At the visitation, in Western custom, the body of the deceased person is placed on display in the coffin. The viewing often takes place on one or two evenings before the funeral. Funeral: A funeral is often officiated by clergy from the decedents, or bereaveds, church or religion. A funeral may take place at either a funeral home or church. A funeral is held according to the familys choosing, which may be a few days after the time of death, allowing family members to attend the service. This type of memorial service is most common in Christians, and they call it a mass when the casket is closed and a priest says prayers and blessings. Most of the time family members of the dead can say something. If the funeral service takes place in the funeral home it can be directed by a clergy or hosted by a very close family member most common a parent. the burial service: In many religious traditions, pallbearers, usually males who are close, but not immediate relatives (such as cousins, nephews or grandchildren) or friends of the decedent, will carry the casket from the chapel (of a funeral home or church) to the hearse, and from the hearse to the site of the burial service. The pallbearers often sit in a special reserved section during the memorial service. According to most religions, coffins are kept closed during the burial ceremony. In Eastern Orthodox funerals, the coffins are reopened just before burial to allow loved ones to look at the deceased one last time and give their final farewells. Chinese funeral:Funeral is taken seriously in Chinese society. The whole procedure of the funeral and everything around should be done in a proper way. Any irregularities can cause bad luck and accidents in the family of the deceased. Funeral customs are quite complex in China. They differ in time and location and vary from religion to religion. Traditionally Chinese death rites were affected by The age of the deceased The cause of death Marital status Social status Main process:preparation before death obituary noticebody purification & shroud wearing WakeMoumingFuneral and burial4. A comparative study on Western and Chinese architecturethe different materialsthe layout of the constructionThe Chinese construction closed layout The western construction open layout The development of Architecture Chinese construction is conservative. the West Building often change their structure and materials rapidlyChinese architecture :focus on information the Western:focus on the physical material body explaining in words, or showing the experience. there is no quantitative analysis methods and the ideas of forma