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ON GARDEN 论园林The best gardens are much more than an assortment of beautiful plants. 最好的园林远不止是将各种美丽的花草树木种在一起。Successful gardens generally represent a careful Integration of diverse elements, ranging from the purely ornamental to the strictly functional. 成功的园林都代表了各种要素经过精心组会成的一个整体，这些要素从纯粹的装饰到具有严格的功能不等。Paths, pools, planters, trellises, arbors, fountains, and fences can contribute enormously to the creation of an exciting and harmonious garden. 小径、池塘、花盆、格架、棚架、喷泉和栅栏在创造一个让人心醉的、和谐的花园中起着极为重要的作用。The same attention one bring to decorating a home and making it “livable” can be used to make a garden a pleasant place to find Privacy, to meditate, and to escape the pressures of a fast-moving, machine-oriented world.如果用人们装饰居家使之“迫于居住”的经历来建造园林，就能使之成为一个令人愉快的地方，在那里你可以找到属于自己的东西，可以进行沉思，可以逃避快节奏的工业社会的压力。Its a fact that man-made garden accents establish the “style” of a garden more definitively than plants alone.实际上，人工园林的独特风格比纯粹的花草树木，更能决定园林的样式。Period gardens Victorian, French, Elizabethan, American Colonialall demand the proper placement of structural and design elements to make them recognizable. 具有时代特征的园林维多利亚式、法国式、伊丽莎白式、美国殖民时期园林都要恰当地处理好建筑和设计上的各个方面，使这些特色能够一目了然。Indeed, the simple addition of a particular style of gazebo, bench, or arbor can instantly “identify” a garden. 的确，只要简单的在某种式样的凉亭，凳子或棚架上加点什么立刻就“识别出”园林的特色。Similarly, with ethnic gardenssuch as an English cottage garden, Chinese meditation garden , or an Italian water garden the selection of appropriate fences, bridges, and ornaments brings style and a sense of permanence to the environment.同样，那些具有“人文特征”的园林，如英国的乡村花园、中国的沉思花园（指古典园林）或意大利的水上公园，选择了恰当的栅栏、桥和装饰物就形成了风格，使人产生与环境承担一致的感觉。The world over, there are structures that “make” a gardens reputation. 在世界上，园林建筑能树立园林的名声。At Magnolia Gardens, near Charleston, South Carolina, for example, a sleek trellised footbridge called The Long Bridge Is a “trademark” of the garden.在南卡罗来纳州的查尔斯顿附近的木兰花园里，一条造型别致的，有格子棚架的步桥称作长桥，是这座公园的“标志”。Its distinctive design, traversing the corner of a cypress lake, is immediately identifiable.它设计独特，穿过一座柏树环绕的湖泊的一角，很快就映入人们的眼帘。Somewhat French in style, painted white to contrast with the dark water and the tall cypress trees draped with the Spanish moss. 这座桥带点法国风格，白色桥身与深色的水喝沾满西班牙苔藓的高大柏树对比鲜明，有助于创造出一种浪漫的气氛。The bridge helps create a romantic atmosphere, which probably makes it the subject of more photographs and paintings than any other garden structure in the world.这也许就是它比世界上其他园林建筑更容易成为图片和绘画对象的原因。Though some structures look good unadorned, as part of a garden composition, others are enhanced by some kind of plant decoration. 尽管一些园林建筑作为园林的组成部分不用装饰看起来也很不错，但是一些建筑却需要用一些花草树木进行点缀。The British are especially fond of training climbing roses, wisteria, honeysuckle, and Ivy up walls, fences gazebos, and summer house, sometimes so successfully that the structure becomes completely covered in vines, flowers, or foliage.英国人尤其喜欢培植攀援玫瑰、紫藤、忍冬、爬在墙上的常春藤，篱笆和凉亭，这种做法有时十分成功，整个建筑完全掩映在藤蔓纵横，红花绿叶之中。Then there are accents that rely on plants alone for dramatic impact. 当然，也有单靠花草树木产生戏剧性效果从而形成独特风格的园林。At the Ladew Topiary Gardens, near Baltimore, Maryland, a fox-hunting scene of clipped Japanese yew provides such a whimsical highlight that it has made the garden famous. 在马里兰州的巴尔附近有座修剪成型的树木公园，这里的日本紫衫修剪成一幅围猎狐狸的风景，形成了古怪离奇的精彩场面，是这个公园因此而闻名遐迩。The realistic, life-size composition of a topiary fox being chased by five topiary hounds and a topiary horse and rider across a section of lawn at the entrance to the garden sets the scene for even more surprising and amusing topiary work In other sections of garden. 在公园入口处，由灌木修剪成的五只猎狗、一名猎人骑着一匹马穿过草坪，追逐一只灌木修剪而成的狐狸，这种现实主义的像实物大小一样的图案构成一景，将人们引向公园的其他部分，那里的修剪造型更令人称奇叫绝，妙趣横生。The roles of plants-man and architect in the creation of a beautiful garden are important, but their efforts may fall short without a third important influence the contribution of artist. 一座美丽的园林，园艺师和建筑师的作用非常重要，但他们的努力如没有第三方的重要作用艺术家的帮助也是达不到目的的。The best gardens today seem to combine the talents of plants-man, architect, and artist. 如今最好的园林似乎都是凝聚了园艺师、建筑师和艺术家的智慧。Sometimes these three skills are embodied in a single person but more frequently they are achieved by a pooling of talents. 有时这三种技能体现在一个人的身上，但更常见的是集中了许多人的智慧。For example, the beautiful American estate garden of Filoli, near San Francisco, is a result of the collaboration of Isabella Worn, a plants person, and Bruce Porter, a landscape painter. 例如，位于美国旧金山附近的美丽的菲洛利美国国家公园就是园艺师伊莎贝拉沃恩和风景画家布鲁斯波特合作的结晶。Porter did the overall arrangement of spaces and accents; Worn developed the planting schemes and selected the plants.波特进行场地和特色的总体规划，沃恩完成花木的挑选和栽培规划。Impressionist painter Claude Monet was an artist who embodied skills as a plants-man and architect in designing his garden at Giverny, in France. 意象派画家克罗恩莫奈是一位一猪价，但他在设计自己位于法国杰维利花园时表现出了园艺师和建筑师的技能。Monet created very simple but stunning flower beds for the entrance of his home. 在他家的入口处，他亲自设计并完成了非常简洁但又让人感到吃惊的花台。To complement his pink stucco house with distinctive green shutters he planted solid blocks of pink geraniums studded with pink and white rose standards. 粉红色的拉毛粉饰的房子装有颜色大不相同的绿色百叶窗，作为补色，他种植了几大丛粉红色的天竺葵，并用粉红色和白色的玫瑰花台点缀其间。He bordered these raised flowerbeds with gray foliages dianthus. 他用灰叶石竹来给这些突出的花坛镶上边。Bold blocks of color, carefully selected to blend with the nearby structure, is the key to success of this particular garden space.几团精心挑选的色彩醒目的花与附近的建筑物融为一体，是这座特殊花园成功的关键。Gardens can also be repositories for works of art. 园林也是艺术作品的宝库。These artworks need not be realistic to be an effective embellishment. 这些艺术作品不必是现实主义的，但必须是引人注目的装饰品。Garden art began as symbolism in rocks and dead wood, the ancient Chinese bringing into their gardens boulders representing images of mammals. 园林艺术开始时用石头和枯木来表达象征意义，古代的中国人在他们的花园中用巨砾来代表神兽。They gave these rock formations names such as “turtle rock”, “owl rock” and “dragon rock” for the objects they resembled. 他们给这些石头系列命名为“龟石”、“鹰石”、“龙石”来代表与它们相似的实物。From symbolism in rocks and dead wood, garden makers became obsessed with realism. 从石头和枯木所表现的象征主义出发，园艺师们开始追求现实主义。The more anatomically correct a sculpture, the more highly valued it became, reaching its height in Ancient Greece and Italy with statuses of gods and heroes placed on pedestals in garden settings.从解剖学的角度讲，雕塑越逼真，这幅雕塑的艺术价值就越高，在古希腊和意大利是雕塑艺术的佼佼者，他们在园林风景布置里将神和英雄的雕像安放在基座上。Today the art world has turned full circle, with an emphasis once again on symbolism and impressionism. 如