可用的虚拟语气Grammar.ppt

Module5 6 Grammar Nowadaysmanypeoplearenothappy Why Becausetheybasetheirlifeon ifs IfIhadamilliondollars SubjunctiveMood Mood 语气 mood 是用来表示谈话人的态度和看法的动词形式 英语有三种语气 陈述语气 同陈述句 祈使语气 同祈使句 虚拟语气 SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想 所说的是一个条件 不一定是事实 或与事实相反 常常表示一种假设情况 愿望 建议 假设 1表示与现在事实相反的假设 if条件状语从句谓语用 一般过去式 be一般用were 而主句谓语动词由 would should could might 动词原形 构成 即 If主语 主语 V原 虚拟语气常常用在条件状语从句 was were V ed should wouldcould might Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery IfIwonthelottery Iwould IfIwonthelottery Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar IfIhadalotofmoney Iwouldbuyavilla IfIhadalotofmoneynow Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld a Ifthey be here they take youradvice b Iftheworld war burst outagain what happen toourpeopleonearth were wouldtake burst wouldhappen Fillintheblanks 2 与过去的事实相反 从句的谓语用had 过去分词 构成IfI we you he they had 过去分词的形式 主句的谓语用should would could mighthave 动词过去分词 即 If主语 主语 haveV ed hadbeen V ed should wouldcould might Ifhe morecarefully he thecaraccidentyesterday haddriven wouldnothavehad IfIhadlearnthowtoswim I trappedonthatisland wouldnothavebeen a IfTom be morecarefulintheexam he pass italready b Ifyou get upearlier you catch thefirsttrain hadbeen wouldhavepassed hadgot wouldhavecaught Fillintheblanks 3 与将来事实相反 if从句谓语用 动词过去式 weretodo shoulddo的任一形式形式 主句谓语用 should would could might 动词原形 即 If主语 主语 V原 shouldwereto或动词过去式 should wouldcould might Ifhe upearly hewouldbeontime got 假如他来了 我们对他说什么呢 Ifheweretocome whatshouldwesaytohim 假如他看见我 就会认出我 Ifheshouldseeme hewouldknowme a Ifthere be nonaturalresourceanymore we make useofnuclearpower b What happen ifyou getup toolatetomorrow shouldbe shouldmake wouldhappen shouldgetup Fillintheblanks 我们已经学习了虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 同学们都掌握了么 现在就用表格的形式复习一下吧 if 条件从句中用于虚拟语气的三种情况 if 条件从句中用于虚拟语气的三种情况 如条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词时间不一致 叫做错综条件虚拟语气或混合条件句 主句和从句的谓语动词应根据各自对应的时间而定 Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher sadvice youwouldn tbeinthehospital 翻译 如果你昨晚没有看电影看到那么晚的话 你现在就不会那么困了 Ifyouhadn tseenthatfilmlatelastnight youwouldn tbesosleepy 虚拟语气的特别注意事项 wish ifonly 现在 过去 未来 did were haddone would could do 1 IwishIwereabird 现在 2 IwishIhadn tmadesuchamistake 过去 3 Wewishourparentswouldn tpunishus 将来 翻译 1 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了 2 要是我没错过火车就好了 Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus IfonlyIhadn tmissedthetrain 2 wouldrather that 现在 过去 未来 1 Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow 2 Iwouldratheryouhadgone too 3 Don tcome Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow did did haddone 在 wouldrather 后的宾语从句中有两种情况 e g 1 Don talwaysmakenoise I dratheryoukeptsilent 2 Sheisalwayssayingthatshehasn tboughtagoodbook I drathershehadboughtagoodbook 过去时 表示现在或将来要做的事情 had done p p 谈到过去的动作 3 It s about high time that shoulddo did 你该走了 我们该去睡觉了 It shightimethatyouwent It shightimethatyoushouldgo It stimethatwewenttobed It stimethatweshouldgotobed 4 表示要求 命令 建议的虚拟语气 1 宾语从句 常见动词 一个坚持 两个命令 三个建议 四个要求 即1 insist2 order command3 advise suggest propose4 demand require request desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法 即从句中的动词使用should 动词原形 或者将should省略 Isuggestthatwe should holdameetingnextweek Heinsistedthathe should besentthere 注意 如suggest insist不表示 建议 或 坚持要某人做某事时 即它们用于其本意 暗示 表明 坚持认为 说 时 宾语从句用陈述语气 Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody obey therules 2 Heinsistedthatshe be seriouslyillandthat send tohospitalsatonce 3 Hesuggestedthatwe have ameetingatonce 4 Hispalefacesuggestedthathe be ill obey was besent have was 以上动词的其它形式如名词order advice suggestion proposal demand request desire 等构成的名词性从句包括主语从句 表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气 eg 1 Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek 2 Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown 5 It snecessary strange natural important that Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟 即 should 动词原形 1 Itisimportantthatwe should masteraforeignlanguage 2 It snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard 6 含蓄条件句 句中有otherwise 或or引导的并列句或介词短语with without butfor 等时 主句谓语动词要用虚拟语气 Withoutair therewouldbenolivingthings b Butforyourhelp Icouldn thavedoneit Iftherewerenoair Ifithadn tbeenforyourhelp Iwasbusythatday OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem IfIhadn tbeenbusythatday Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem 7 Inadverbialclausesintroducedbyevenif asif asthoughetc wecanuseunrealconditionals Evenifhewereill hewouldgotohisoffice 即使生了病 他也去办公室 HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger 他那样对待我 好像我是陌生人似的 Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit 她谈论那部影片 就好像她确实看过一样 8 某些简单句的固定句型 Heavenhelphim Godblessyou Mayyousucceed LonglivethePeople sRepublicofChina 9 条件状语从句的倒装 当从句中含有had should或were时 可将它们提到从句句首 但须省略if Ifyoushouldbeacollegestudent Ifyou Ifyou Shouldyoubeacollegestudent 实战高考 2 Everyeveningafterdinner ifnot fromwork Iwillspendsometimewalkingmydog 2009湖南 A beingtiredB tiringC tiredD tobetired3 Ifhe myadvice hewouldn thavelosthisjob 2010湖南 A followedB shouldfollowC hadfollowedD wouldfollow 4 Johnwenttothehospitalalone Ifhe meaboutit Iwouldhavegonewithhim 2010天津 A shouldtellB tellsC toldD hadtold5 MaybeifI science andnotliteraturethen Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp 2011北京 A studiedB wouldstudyC hadstudiedD wasstudying 6 Itistimethatthegovernment measurestoprotecttherarebirdsandanimals A takesB tookC hastakenD taking7 Somepeoplearetooparticularaboutschoolrecords insistingthateveryapplicant alldiplomasfromelementaryschooltouniversity A hasB willhaveC shouldhaveD musthave 单项选择 8 Hewasverybusyyesterday otherwisehe tothemeeting A wouldcomeB cameC wouldhavecomeD hadcome9 IfIhadseenthemovie I youallaboutitnow A wouldtellB willtellC havetoldD wouldhavetold 10 It sabouttimepeople noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar A takeB tookC havetakenD willtake11 He sworkinghardforfearthathe A shouldfallbehindB fellbehindC mayfallbehindD wouldfallbehind 12 Forachildtogiveuphislessmatureideaforamorematureone itrequiresthatthechild psychologicallyreadyforthenewidea A isB wereC beD wouldbe 13 ceaseadvertising priceswouldbesignificantlyreduced A WeretheytoB CouldtheyC IftheyD Wouldthey14 Fiveminutesearlier andwe thelastbus A hadcaughtB shouldhavecaughtC couldhavecaughtD caught 15 Ifonlyyou himwhatIsaid Everythingwouldhavebeenallright A didn ttoldB hadn ttoldC wouldnottellD wouldhavenottold16 Hemusthavehadanaccident orhe herethen A wouldhavebeenB hadbeenC shouldhavebeenD couldbe 17 Muchlabourwouldhavebeensavediftheelectroniccomputers before A hadinventedB wereinventedC shouldhavebeeninventedD hadbeeninvented 18 IwishI longerthismorning butIhadtogetupandcometoclass A couldhavesleptB sleptC mighthavesleptD haveslept 19 Youdon thavetobeinsuchahurry Iwouldratheryou onbusinessfirst A wouldgoB willgoC wentD havegone20 Ifonlythecommittee theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible A approveB willapproveC canapproveD wouldapprove 21 Wedidn tknowhistelephonenumber otherwisewe him A wouldhavetelephonedB musthavetelephonedC wouldtelephoneD hadtelephoned 22 Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms backbeforethedeadline A mustbesentB wouldbesentC besentD weresent 23 Whatapity Consideringhisabilityandexperience he better 2008江西 A needhavedoneB musthavedoneC canhavedoneD mighthavedone24 Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathe itdifferently 2009江苏 A couldexpressB wouldexpressC couldhaveexpressedD musthaveexpressed 25 Butfortheirhelp we theprogramintime 2009安徽 A cannotfinishB willnotfinishC hadnotfinishedD couldnothavefinished26 ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher I thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition