英语作文的类型.doc

第一大类：命题作文开始段常用句型：1. Generally speaking, (总体来说)2. With the development/growth/advancement of, (随着的发展)3. There are some differences betweenand(在与之间有差别)扩展段常用句型：1. As far as is concerned (就而言)2. A case in point is that （一个恰当的例子就是）3. It is well known that （众所周知）结尾段常用句型：1. In a word, (总之)2. It comes to a conclusion that(由此而得出的结论是)3. To sum up, （总而言之）开始段补充句型：1. In general 2. In order to 3. There are some distinctions/similarities such as扩展段补充句型：1. As for 2. In terms of 3. A case in question is that结尾段补充句型：1.From this point of view that 2.All in all, 3. It follows that第二大类：主题句作文开始段常用句型：1. There is a general discussion about（人们总是这么说）2. At present, there is a tendency that（目前，有一种趋势，）3. Ever since , .has become an essential part of our modern life.（自从以来，已经成为现代生活的一部分）扩展段常用句型：1. There is no doubt that（毫无疑问，）2. To be frank, I think（坦白地说，我认为）3. In contrast to, But again,（相对而言）结尾段常用句型：1. Consequently,(结果是)2. On the whole, （总体而言）3. It follows that（依此而论）开始段补充句型：1. It is generally believed that2. We all know that3. Many people believe that扩展段补充句型：1. Clearly, however,2. For one thing; For another,3. On one hand, on the other hand结尾段补充句型：1.In brief,2. In short,3. A reasonable conclusion can be drawn from第三大类：关键词作文开始段常用句型：1. It is out of question that(毫无疑问)2. It is important for（对来说很重要的是）3. As somebody puts it, (正如所说)扩展段常用句型：1.At the same time, （同时，）2.Another key aspect of is（另一个重要方面是）3.What is more serious is(更严重的是)结尾段常用句型：1. To summarize, (总之)2. From this point of view, （从此观点来看）3. As a result, (结果是) 开始段补充句型：1. Many people are inclined to2. There are different opinions among people as to3. Nowadays, it is common to扩展段补充句型：1. Different people hold different attitudes toward failure. When faced with it, some can, Others, however,.2. There are many ways to. First,. Second,. Third,.3. In theory, it But in practice, it结尾段补充句型：1. Personally,2. Accordingly,3. With respect to,第四大类：图表作文开始段常用句型：1. As we can see from the chart, (从图表可以看出)2. The table shows that （本图表显示）3. As shown in this chart, ( 本图表显示出)扩展段常用句型：1. The figure indicates that（该数据表明）2. The purpose of this table is to tell us that（本图的目的是要说明）3. In my opinion, there are major reasons for the changes in(我认为, 对于的变化主要有原因)结尾段常用句型：1. It is no doubt that（毫无疑问）2. Therefore, prove that（因此，证明）3. In a word, we should place much emphasis on the importance of（总之，我们应该重视） 开始段补充句型：1. In the past years, some changes have taken place in2. It has been estimated that .years ago there were3. Ever since, more and more people are扩展段补充句型：1. From the table we can see that2. It should be noted that3. These dramatic changes can be explained by结尾段补充句型：1. As we have analyzed from the above charts2. These changes signify the great achievementshas made.3. Therefore, prove that第五大类：图画作文开始段常用句型：. 1. Many people believe that（许多人认为.）2. This picture demonstrates a fact that（本图说明一个事实）3. In recent years there is a general tendency to（近年来，有一个总的趋势 ）扩展段常用句型：1. As is well known.（正如人们所知）2. As can be simply proved（正如可以证明的那样）3. factors contribute to the decline of(有因素有助于的衰落)结尾段常用句型：1. It can be safely concluded that(可以确切地得出结论)2. Through the above analysis, I believe that（从以上分析，我相信）3. Therefore, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that（因此，不难得出这样的结论）开始段补充句型：1. With the fast growing economy,2. Personally I dont think.3. From the reasons given above, I strongly recommend that.扩展段补充句型1. What has brought about the development? The first reason is2. In principle, In practice3. Last but not the least is that结尾段补充句型：1. As a result,.2. As regards to3. However, this graph may not predict the entire situation in the future. I believe1.Writing (30 minutes) Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Can Money Buy Happiness? You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.1. 有人认为金钱是幸福之本 (source of happiness)2. 也有人认为金钱是万恶之源 (root of all evil)3. 我的看法本文是一篇论述文（Argumentation） 其特点是：to persuade someone to embrace a viewpoint (说服某人接受一个观点).Writing skills:(写作方法)1、The thesis statement (阐明要论述的观点) （金钱是幸福之本）是错误的，比如说Money is far from omnipotent2、Evidence (论据). 举证说明（金钱是万恶之源），比如说But money makes the mare go, and it is the major cause of crime and violence in the world today. Robbery, theft, burglary, and even murder are most commonly committed for the sake of money. Money can also drive some powerful officials to corruption and dishonesty. 3、Concluding Sentence or paragraph（结论句或结论段）。Generalization of the Thesis and Its expectations（对所论述的主题思想归纳和期望），评论（我的看法），比如说：Everything has its two sides, money is the same, positive and negative. It can bring us happiness as well as ruinIt is well-known that money is considered by some people as the most powerful and important property in life. In their opinion, everything in the world such as luxurious cars, magnificent mansions, even a status of high rank, can be bought with money. However, there are certain things that cannot be bought with money. A millionaire, who suffered from AIDS was willing to buy his health at the expense of his entire property, but he died in despair. An old wealthy merchant wanted to buy the true love of a beautiful young girl at any cost, but his wicked dream never came true. Many other things such as devoted friendship and real honor cannot be bought. Money is far from omnipotent. In conclusion, everything has its two sides, money is the same, positive and negative. It can bring us happiness as well as ruin. Those who make money thought their own mental or physical labor usually lead a frugal but happy life. But money makes the mare go, and it is the major cause of crime and violence in the world today. Robbery, theft, burglary, and even murder are most commonly committed for the sake of money. Money can also drive some powerful officials to corruption and dishonesty. 2.Writing (30 minutes)Direction :For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively Or Extensively? You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.1. 有人认为读书要有选择2. 有人认为应当博览群书3. 我的看法论述文 （Argumentation）Features(特点): to persuade someone to embrace a viewpoint (说服某人接受一个观点).Writing skills:(写作方法). 1、The thesis statement (主题思想：观点的提出)：（读书要有选择） 2、Evidence (论证)：取证说明（应当博览群书）。 3、Concluding Sentence or paragraph（结论句或结论段） Generalization of the Thesis and Its expectations（对所论述的主题思想归纳和期望）：（你的看法）提出解决问题的方法或措施。As is well-known, ours is an age of knowledge explosion. As a carrier of knowledge, new books are turned out every day. So there has arisen a debate concerning the strategy of reading. Some people think that we should read selectively. They argue that there are too many books in too many fields for us to finish, even if we devote all our time and energy to reading. Therefore, we must choose few canonical books to digest. Others hold the opposite opinion. They maintain that we should read extensively so as to broaden our horizon and seek an all-round development. They argue that only by doing that can we adapt ourselves to our age and survive in the fierce competition. So they dip into everything and try to become a jack of all trades. In my opinion, their arguments are just the two sides of the same coin. To overcome the one-side-ness of either point of view, a combination of the two would be desirable. In other words, we should read both selectively and extensively. 3.Writing (30 minutes)Direction :For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Dont Hesitate to say No. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.1. 别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们会说不。2. 为什么有些人在该说不的时候不说不。3. 该说不时不说不的坏处。说明文 (Exposition):Features (特点): Writings that explain or give information. To explain things by example, process analysis, comparison and contrast, classification, and causal analysis （解释或提供信息的作品，通过事例分析、比较和对比、分类说明、因果关系的分析等方法进行写作）.1.The thesis statement （主题思想）: 说明：(会说不)的理由2.Supporting ideas（对主题思想的解释或说明）: examples for the thesis statement(说明主题的例证) 例证：（该说不的时候不说不）的原因3. Concluding Sentence or paragraph（结论句或结论段）:Generalization of the Thesis and Its comments (ideas)（对所论述的主题思想归纳和评论）. 结论：（该说不时不说不）对社会的危害In our daily life, there are many occasions on which we should not hesitate to say no when asked for help. For one thing, when we are not able to offer help, we should give others a direct reply no. For another, when the thing we are asked for is unreasonable or even illegal, we should also say no to the requires. However, it is not the case in our real life. Many people prefer to say yes when they should say no. On the one hand, they are afraid to lose their own face. Since they think refusal means their inability. On the other hand, they are afraid to offend their acquaintances face, such as their friends, relatives and so on. In fact, there are disadvantages in doing so. At first, they are not able enough or willing enough to do the thing for others. Therefore, the thing can not be accomplished well. In the end, they may lose both their acquaintances belief and their own faces. 4.Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1.、 当前社会存在许多不诚实的现象。2、 诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。论述文（Argumentation）Features (特点):to persuade someone to embrace a viewpoint (说服某人接受一个观点).Writing skills:(写作方法). 1、The thesis statement (主题思想：观点的提出)：（社会存在许多不诚实的现象） 2、Evidence (论证)：取证说明（诚实利人利己）。 3、Concluding Sentence or paragraph（结论句或结论段） Generalization of the Thesis and Its expectations（对所论述的主题思想归纳和期望）：（做人应该诚实）通过对比的方式得出结论As we all know, honesty, as a virtue of mankind, has been challenged in the modern society as we encounter more and more dishonest things and people. Many people are asking: Do I need to be honest? Yes, we should be honest. First, honesty is essentially important in building up trust among people. If we lose this moral standard, the world would be out of order because there is no trust among people. Therefore, it is every persons responsibility to keep this virtue so that the society will not fall apart. Secondly, to be honest brings benefits to people around you. Your honesty will help your co-workers and company work successfully. Your spouse and your children will be happy and feel safe. Your friends will always come to you when they need help. Finally, you yourself will be benefited from being honest. People will respect you, trust you and love you. You will blessed by having a stable marriage, a prosperous career, many friends and more importantly, a peaceful heart. It pays to be honest. but it is definitely worthwhile because you will get more than what you pay. Your life will be meaningful as you will be appreciated and remembered as an honest person. 5.Writing (30 minutes)Direction :For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Practice Makes Perfect. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.1. 怎样理解熟能生巧？2. 例如：在英语学习中.3. 又如.说明文 (Exposition):Features (特点): Writings that explain or give information. To explain things by example, process analysis, comparison and contrast, classification, and causal analysis （解释或提供信息的作品，通过事例分析、比较和对比、分类说明、因果关系的分析等方法进行写作）.1.The thesis statement （主题思想）: 说明：(熟能生巧的真实含义)。2.Supporting ideas（对主题思想的解释或说明）: examples for the thesis statement(说明主题的例证)3. Concluding Sentence or paragraph（结论句或结论段）:Generalization of the Thesis and Its comments (ideas)（对所论述的主题思想归纳和评论）. How to solve the problemsThe English idiom Practice Makes Perfect is often used to express the idea that its through repetition and regular practice that a persons quality or skill become more perfect-recognizing that absolute perfection is not achievable. For example, in learning English or any other foreign language, its through the daily drilling and continuous application of what is learned that one can achieve a higher level of proficiency. In this example, extensive reading of books and articles, regular writing of essays and compositions, and daily listening to the spoken words- radio, television, recoded voice, etc - solidify the students grammar and vocabulary, which in turn improve his/her confidence in the language usage. Another important example is in sports, where the development of the muscle systems takes time and requires a great deal of effort and daily practice. Because a great athlete requires discipline, diligence, and perseverance on the part of the individual. No athlete can achieve excellence without a great deal of hard work, sweat, and muscle pain. In conclusion, to achieve perfection one must practice diligently, putting into use what is learned on a daily basis. 结论段的写作： 结论段应紧扣短文的主旨句、段落的主题句、和段落提供的细节信息，对整篇文章进行概括总结，预测可能要发生的事，提出能引起读者兴趣或注意的观点，表达出文章更广的含义等。如：1、主旨句：Friendship is both a source of pleasure and a component of good health. 结论段：Circumstances and people are constantly changing. Some friendship last forever, others do not. Nevertheless, friendship is an essential ingredient in the making of a healthy and rewarding life. 结论段中an essential ingredient概括了主旨句中的a source of pleasure and a component of good health并具有新意，能引起读者的兴趣或吸引读者的注意力。2、主旨句：Although there is a period of about 200 years between the two music giants, they are similar in certain ways. 结论段：The names of Beethoven and Lemon are inscribed on the monument to the history of music. They will always be remembered for their unique styles, great productivity, and indomitable personalities. 结论句中The names of Beethoven and Lemon指的就是主旨句中的the two music giants，并且用unique sty