成人零基础补充解释句子成分.ppt

句子成分 主谓宾最重要的三大成分交代谁做了什么事形成句子基本结构定状补三大修饰成分详细地交代发生事情的细节 什么样的 人 在什么时间 什么地点 以什么方式 什么条件 什么状态 给 什么样的 人 一本什么样的 书 定语什么样的详细交代名词的样子 的状语说明动作的细节状况 地时间地点原因状态目的结果方式程度补语跟在主谓宾后面补充说明使别人对事情的细节知道的更详细 主系表特殊的主谓宾句子表语对主语进行表达和描述省略了 是 我20岁我很高兴他很重他们在美国这部电影很有趣足球在箱子里 Exemple 他在门前的镜子里看见了自己 这件事发生在去年 这个人看起来很可怕 我马上回来 他十点送你去火车站 吃完晚饭我们要去散步 美丽的夕阳正在西下 主语宾语名词谓语动词定语形容词状语副词比较复杂的构造 动词句子 动词担当六种句子成分吃饭是我们每天要做的事 主语我们每天都吃饭 谓语我们每天要做的事是吃饭 表语吃饭的时间不同 定语她喂她儿子吃饭 补语为了吃饭我们每天都要做饭 状语eat ate eaten toeat eating 造句先从五大句型中选定一个造出最基本句子再把定状补三大修饰成分加进去 形成复杂句子 定语前小后大ThisisaninterestingstorybookaboutanimalsthatIboughtformysonyesterday 一个有趣的故事关于动物我昨天为我儿子买的Isawatallpersoninblackwhowasabout40yearsold 一个高高的穿着黑色衣服的大约40岁的 状语到处能见到工厂和大楼Factoriesandbuildingsareseenhereandthere Youcanseefactoriesandbuildingshereandthere Heissittingthere askingforacomputer IfIamnotbusytomorrow Iwillgoshoppingwithyou Italkwithhimpatiently 我耐心地和他谈话Itellthemthetruthdirectly 我直接告诉他们真相 补语定语 名词 状语 动词 他们祝我生日快乐我们看见他在演奏音乐我感觉到房子在摇晃他问那个人为什么来这里我给他打了三次电话很高兴你今天来这里我肯定他不会来这个问题很难解决 状语在解释一个动词的8个方面时间地点原因状态目的结果方式程度补语对整个句子的补充说不清在解释哪个固定的词 主语从句你所需要的是更多的阅读 WhatneedreadingmoreWhatyouneedismorereading 她不可能来这里 thatitcomeimpossibleisshewillhereItisimpossiblethatshewillcomehere 他们什么时候能出国仍然是个问题 whengoabroadstillproblemWhentheycangoabroadisstillaproblem 他是否会去上班还不清楚 whetherclearWhetherhewillgotoworkisnotclear 宾语从句告诉我你想要什么 whatwanttellTellmewhatyouwant 我不知道这个句子是否正确 whether ifsentencerightIdon tknowwhetherthissentenceisright 他说他正考虑把办公室从广州搬到深圳去 ThatthinkofHesaidhewasthinkingofmovingtheofficefromGZtoSZ 表语从句麻烦的事是我把他的电话号码弄丢了 thattroublelostThetroubleisthatIlosthistelephonenumber 看起来她是对的 seemitthatItseemsthatsheisright 定语从句Themanismyfather Themanwearssunglasses Themanwhowearssunglassesismyfather 带太阳镜的那个人是我的父亲跟我讲话的那个女孩是我表妹 whospeakcousinThegirlwho thatIspoketoismycousin Iliveinthehouse Thehousestandsonthehill Iliveinthehousewhichstandasonthehill 我住在那幢坐落在山丘上的房子里 我喜欢这栋由吴先生设计的大楼 designIlikethebuildingwhich thatwasdesignedbyMr wu 正在弹吉他的那个男孩是吉米 guitarTheboythatisplayingtheguitarisJimmy我认识一位父亲是新闻记者的女孩 Journalistwhose knowagirlwhosefatherisajournalist 他画了一只正在椅子上睡觉的猫 Hedrewacat whichis sleepingonthechair 这是一扇被Tom打破的窗户 ThisisthewindowbrokenbyTom 状语从句我们到的时候正在下雨 whenarriverainWhenwearrived itwasraining 我一看见他就会告诉他 assoonasIwilltellhimassoonasIseehim 我会站在 我 能清楚看到你的地方 whereclearlyIwillstandwhereIcanseeyouclearly 不管在哪里我都会想念我的妈妈 whereverwillbemissWhereverIamIwillbemissingyou 虽然很累 但我们还是会努力完成工作 thoughtiredtrytoWewilltrytofinishtheworkthoughwearetired 为了挣很多钱 她努力工作 sothat earnalotSheworkedhardsothatshecouldearnalot如果他邀请我我就去 ifinviteIwilgoifheinvitesme 先行词和关系词的关系 Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome themachine that theboy who theboy s whose intheschool where 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指 关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格 关系副词实际上是介词 先行词 Jointhefollowingsentences Aplaneisamachine Themachinecanfly Aplaneiscanfly 关系代词的实质 themachine amachine Jointhefollowingsentences Aplaneisamachine Themachinecanfly Aplaneiscanfly 关系代词的实质 amachine that which 关系代词的实质 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 关系代词的实质 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 关系代词的实质 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 关系代词的实质 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 关系代词的实质 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 关系代词的实质 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 关系代词的用法练习 1 Theeggswerenotfresh Iboughtthemyesterday 2 Thefriendwasnothungry Hecametosupperlastnight 3 Heprefersthecheese Itcomesfromhisparent sfarm 4 Thenoodlesweredelicious Youcookedthem 5 Idon tlikethepeople Theysmokealot Theeggs that which Iboughtthemwerenotfresh Thefriendwho thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry Heprefersthecheesethat whichitcomesfromhisparent sfarm Thenoodles which that youcookedthemweredelicious Idon tlikethepeoplethat whotheysmokealot therebe句型 有 thereisacomputeronthetable therearesomebutterontheplate therearemanychildrenintheamusementpark thereareacellphoneontheground therearechairsontheroom 句子种类 1 陈述句这个女士很善良 ladykind他可能在家 athome我希望你快乐 hopehappy2 祈使句命令请求劝告省略主语you谓语用动词原形请坐关门开灯3感叹句how adj adj 主 谓 what a an adj n 多漂亮的女孩啊 how多可爱的一只狗啊 what 疑问句 What 1 What sthis that 2 What syourname 3 Whatareyoudoing 4 Whatdoyoulike need 5 Whatdidyoudo 6 Whatishisjob 7 Whatdoyouusuallydoattheweekends 8 Whatareyougoingtodo 9 Whatcolourisit 10 What stheweatherlike 11 Whattimeisit What sthetime 12 Whatdayisit What sthedate 13 Whatwouldyoulike 14 Whatcanyousee Wh 的疑问句 2 How 1 Howareyou 2 Howoldareyou 3 Howdowegotothepark 4 Howmanyapplescanyousee 5 Howmucharethey 6 Howabout 7 Howdoyouspendyourweekends 8 Howfar Howlong Howoften 9 Howtallareyou 10 Howhighisthemoutain 3 Who Whoisthat Who sthatboyin with Wh 的疑问句 4 Whose 1 Whoseisthisbike 2 Whosebikeisthis 3 Whosebagisbigger yoursormine 5 Which 1 Whichone 2 Whichislonger yoursormine 3 Whichseasondoyoulikebest 6 Where 1 Whereisthebook 2 Whereareyoufrom 7 Why 1 Whydoyoucomehere 2 Whynotgoswimmingtogether 1 That smyfather sbike isthat 2 Thissigntellsusthatwecan tfishhere thissigntellus 3 Jackdidwellinmaths 4 It scloudytoday 5 Mymotherisover40yearsold 6 IusuallytakeNo 4bustowork 7 Wehaveameetingonceaweek 8 Theyareonthelake 9 Wewillmeetatsixo clock willyoumeet Whosebike Whatdoes HowdidJackdoinmaths What stheweatherliketoday Howoldisyourmother Whichbusdoyouusuallytaketowork Howoftendoyouhaveameeting Practise Wherearethey Whattime 词类转换 一个词类常可能转换为另一词类 1 某些动词可以转换为名词 Trytheshirton 穿上这件衬衫试试 v Letmehaveatry 我来试一试 n Lookatme 瞧着我 v Letmehavealook 我来瞧瞧 n 2 某些名词也可转换为动词 Openyourbooks 打开你的书 n Haveyoubookedyourticket 你订票了吗 v Haveaseat 请坐 n Thehallseats500 people 大厅可以坐500人 v 3 某些形容词可以转换为动词 Youaretooslow 你太慢了 adj Thetrainhassloweddown 火车慢下来了 v It swarminspring 春天天气暖和 adj Theywarmedtheirhandsoverthefire 他们在炉火上烤手 v 4 也有些形容词可转换为名词 Heismydearfriend 他是我亲密的朋友 adj She sadear 她是一个招人喜欢的人 n Priceshereareverylow 这里的物价很低 adj Profitshavereachedanewlow 利润降到了最低点 n 5 有些词用作其他词类时重音会发生变化 Everybodypresent prez nt welcomethedecision 所有在场的人都欢迎这个决定 TheNationalTheatreispresenting pri zenti anewproductionofHamlet 国家剧场正在上演新的哈姆雷特 说明粗体词的词类1 Canyouswim Westoppedthereforaswim 2 Whatdidhesay Wehavenosayinthismatter 发言权3 Putitinyourpocket Hepocketedthemoney 1 InBritain areallpaintedred A letterboxesB lettersboxesC letterboxD lettersbox2 Thereare birdsinthatbigtree A hundredsofB fivehundredsofC fivehundredofD hundredof3 There two inthebox A iswatchB arewatchesC arewatchD iswatches4 Weshouldclean twiceaday A ourtoothB ourtoothsC theirteethD ourteeth5 这个老人想要六箱苹果 Theoldmanwantssixboxesofapples Practise 写出下列名词的复数形式1 orange2 class3 text4 monkey5 piano6 child7 shelf8 bed9 country10 family11 toy12 foot13 Japanese14 radio15 photo16 army17 tomato18 fox19 woman20 knife22 sheep 1 Shanghaiis thanBeijing Itis cityinourcountry large 2 Billisn tas asMike Tomis thanMike Whois ofthethreeboys old 3 Marydrawsas asBill andsheismuch thanhimatsinging well good 4 Springiscoming Theweatherisgetting and warm 5 Tom JonandIboughtacomputereachlastweek John scomputerismuch thanTom sandmine Itis ofthethree expensive 6 Itisalittle todaythanyesterday wet 7 MrsBrownismuch thanshewastwoyearsago healthy 8 Whichdoyoulike basketball volleyball orfootball well larger thelargest old older theoldest well better warmer warmer moreexpensive themostexpensive wetter healthier best Practise 1 There noteainthecup A isB areC hasD be2 Thereissome ontheplate A appleB breadC bananaD sandwich4 There somepaperandapenonthedesk A isB areC haveD has5 There sgoingto intomorrow snewspapers A havesomethingnewB havenewsomethingC besomethingnewD benewsomething6 Thereissomemilkinthebottle A isn tthereB aren tthereC isn titD arethere8 Thereis oldwomaninthecar A B aC theD an14 anyflowersonbothsidesofthestreet A IsthereB ArethereC HasD Have A B A C A D B 1 willleaveforBeijing A NowtherethemanB ThemanherenowC ThemanwhoisherenowD Themanisherenow2 Theweather A wetandcoldB iswetandcoldC notwetandcoldD werewetandcold3 Theappletasted A sweetsB sweetlyC nicelyD sweet4 Hegotup yesterdaymorning A latelyB lateC latestD latter5 Hefoundthestreetmuch A crowdB crowdingC crowdedD crowdedly6 Thedog mad A looksB islookedC isbeinglookedD waslooked C B D A C A Be动词 用am is are和was were填空 I athome You athome He athome They athome Myfriends athome JohnandAbby athome arewere arewere arewere iswas arewere amwas 1 Thiscar madeinShanghai A isB areC wereD has2 Thewindow bythenaughtyboyyesterday A breaksB brokeC isbrokenD wasbroken 3 Thefoodandmedicinemust atalowtemperature A keepB bekeptC keepingD kept4 TheOlympicGames everyfouryears A holdB areheldC istakenplaceD takesplace5 Newlaws tofightpollution A willbemadeB willmakeC ismadeD havemade6 Thisbridge tenyearsago butitstilllooksmagnificent A wasbuiltB isbuiltC builtD builds7 Thethieves bythepolicemenyesterdayafternoon A caughtB arecaughtC werecaughtD hadcaught 1 It simportant andhelpful A tokindB bekindC kindD tobekind2 MrandMrsBrownwant inChina A workingB workC toworkD works3 JimaskedLingFeng changeherwater A didn tforgettoB isn tforgettoC nottoforgettoD notforgetto4 MothertoldTom onthewall A don tdrawB didn tdrawC notdrawD nottodraw5 Iambusynow I llhaveanimportantmeeting A toattendB willattendC attendingD attended6 I vegotnothing today Let sgotothepark A doingB todoC didD do7 Theplaceiseasy A toreachB reachingC reachD reached 句子成分 词类 主语谓语宾语表语补语定语状语同位语 基本句型修饰成分 句子种类 按功能按结