《英语写作技巧》PPT课件.ppt

Session7 comparison contrast DevelopingthecontextDeconstructionJointconstructionPeerfeedback Developingthecontext Comparison contrastoftenhelpsuschoosebetweenalternativesComparison contrastalsoacquaintsuswithunfamiliarthings wrestlershelpAmericanreadersunderstandtheChinesewayofthinking apoliticalsciencetextbooktalksaboutFrance sgovernment usingourowngovernmentasabackdrop Whatiscomparisonandcontrast ComparisonshowshowtwoormorethingsaresimilarContrastshowshowtwoormorethingsaredifferentInmostwritingsituations thetworelatedprocessesareusedtogether showingrelationshipsAnanalogyexplainsonethingbycomparingittoasecond morefamiliar thing Itstandsaloneorenrichesotherwriting Forexample thetechniquemighthelpyoutodevelopyourcontention argumentation Selectingitemsforcomparison Anyitemsyoucomparemustsharesomecommonground vsDetermineyouremphasisonsimilarities differences orboth Determinethemajorfocusofyourpara Makesureyoutreatthesameorsimilarelementsforeachsubjectyouwilldiscuss Agoodtopicsentence Thetopicsentenceshouldmakeclearinwhatareathecomparison contrastistobecarriedout Alsoindicatewhetheryouwillfocusonsimilaritiesordifferences orbalancethetwo Showyourwritingpurpose attitude IdentifyyourtopicandarouseR sinterest Ifyouintendtoestablishthesuperiorityofoneitemovertheother youmightcallattentiontoyourposition Ifyou recomparingsomethingfamiliar youmightexplaintheimportanceofunderstandingtheunfamiliaritem Organizingdetails Theblockpattern subjectbysubject firstpresentsallofthepointsofcomparisonforonesubjectandthenallofthepointsofcomparisonfortheother Itworksbestwithshortparasoronesthatincludeonlyafewpointsofcomparison contrast TheRcaneasilyrememberallthepointsinthefirstblockwhilereadingthesecond Thealternatingpattern pointbypoint presentsapointaboutonesubject thenfollowsimmediatelywithacorrespondingpointabouttheother Discussingeachpointinoneplacehighlightssimilaritiesanddifferences yourRdoesn thavetopauseandrereadinordertograspthem Takeupcloselyrelatedpointsoneaftertheother Organizingdetails Dependingonyourpurpose youmightworkfromsimilaritiestodifferencesorthereverse Often agoodwritingstrategyistomoveformtheleastsignificanttothemostsignificantpointsothatyouconcludewithpunch Ifyouexplainsomethingfamiliarbycomparingitwithsomethingunfamiliar startwiththefamiliaritem Ifyoutrytoshowthesuperiorityofoneitemoveranother proceedfromthelesstothemoredesirableone Ananalogy aspecialtypeofcomparison callattentiontooneormoresimilaritiesunderlyingtwokindsofanitemthatseemtohavenothingincommon Theyfollowthesameorganizationalpatternasordinarycomparisons Ananalogyoftenexplainssomethingunfamiliarbylikeningittosomethingfamiliar TheatmosphereofEarthactslikeanywindowinservingtwoveryimportantfunctions Itletslightin anditpermitsustolookout Italsoservesasashieldtokeepoutdangerousoruncomfortablethings Anormalglazedwindowletsuskeepourhouseswarmbykeepingoutcoldair anditpreventsrain dirt andunwelcomeinsectsandanimalsfromcomingin Earth satmosphericwindowalsohelpstokeepoutplanetatacomfortabletemperatureyholdingbackradiatedheatandprotectingusfromdangerouslevelsofultravioletlight Languagefeatures Usepropertransitionalwords TransitionalwordshelpshowtheRtheconnectionsbetweentheideasthatarebeingpresented tellaRthattheWischangingfromtalkingaboutoneitemtotheother Whenusingthealternatingpattern becarefulnottofallintoamonotonous backandforthmovementbetweenpoints Toavoidthisproblem varysentencestructureasyoumovefrompointtopoint BcontrastswithCinclimate transportation andtourism andinmyopinion theformerismoresuitableforpeopletolivein ThesummertemperatureinCistoohighforustostand whiletheclimateinBismuchbetter TheroadinBiswiderandthetransportationismoreconvenient Asfortourism Chasbeautifulscenery butBhasmoreancientplacesofinterest justliketheGreatWall theSummerPalace andTiananmenSquare TheImperialPalaceismoreattractiveforpeoplefromhomeandabroad Languagefeatures Both Similarly Asecondwayinwhichthesetwotownsaresimilaristhat Inthesameway Likewise Asfor ittoois LikeA B AissimilartoBinthatitalso Languagefeatures arestrikinglydifferentinmanyways isdifferent whereas Anotherdifferenceis alsodifferin However while Task Supposeyouheadthemusicdepartmentofalargestoreandhavetwoexcellentsalespeopleworkingforyou Themanagerofthestoreasksyoutoprepareareportthatcomparestheirqualificationsformanagingthemusicdepartmentinanewbranchstore Assessingtheirabilitiesbecomestheguidingpurposethatmotivatesandcontrolsthewriting Onthespotyoucanruleoutpointssuchaseyecolor hairstyle andreligion whichhavenobearingonjobperformance Instead youmustdecidewhatmanagerialtraitsthefobwillrequireandtheextenttowhichcandidatepossessesthem Yourthinkingmightresultinalistlikethis Task PointsofsimilarityordifferencePatMike1 SalesskillsExcellentExcellent2 Effort hardwork attendanceExcellentExcellent3 LeadershipqualitiesExcellentGood4 KnowledgeofaccountingGoodFair5 MusicalknowledgeExcellentGood Theblockpattern introduction mentionssimilaritiesinsalesskillsandeffortbutrecommendsPatforpromotion SpecificpointsaboutMikea leadershipqualitiesb knowledgeofaccountingproceduresc musicalknowledgeSpecificpointsaboutPata leadershipqualitiesb knowledgeofaccountingproceduresc musicalknowledge Thealternatingpattern introduction mentionssimilaritiesinsalesskillsandeffortbutrecommendsPatforpromotion Leadershipqualitiesa Mike squalitiesb Pat squalitiesC Knowledgeofaccountingproceduresa Mike sknowledgeb Pat sknowledgeD Musicalknowledgea Mike sknowledgeb Pat sknowledge Presentation explorethefollowingonlinewritinglabs andenlightenusbywhatwecandowiththem Exploreoneofthewritinglabs Illustrateonseveralusesthatwemaymakeofthewebsite Bespecific Provideexamplestoshowwhatandhowwecandowithit Everydetailedstepispreferred Whetherthiswritinglabissuitableforyourstudy especiallyautonomouslearning Bespecific Provideexamplestoshowhowandwhytheyare not usefulforyourle