英语四级阅读快速提升.ppt

英语阅读 阅读理解考试介绍 四级阅读主要测试掌握主旨大意正确理解事实和细节既理解字面意思 又能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论既理解个别句子的意义 又理解上下文的逻辑关系理解作者的态度推测词义 题目特点 题材 科技方面 如有关动植物 医学 海洋 地质 语言 空间技术等 社科方面 如历史 家庭 婚姻 教育 伦理 犯罪 娱乐 交通 住房 环境 能源等 科技 25 社科人文 75 体裁 说明文 议论文为主1 对社会 自然 思维等现象进行解释 阐述和论证2 信息量大且比较复杂3 逻辑性强4 以抽象思维如概括 判断 推理为主 结构 演绎 主旨句 实例 结论 归纳 事实 分析 主旨语言 长句难句较多 常见题型 1 主旨题2 推理题 包括作者的观点 态度 语气题 3 细节题4 语义题 1主旨题 mainidea questions Themainideaofthispassageisthat Thepassageismainlyabout Themajorpointdiscussedinthepassageis Whathasbeendiscussedinthepassage Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage Thepassagemainlytellsus 一 四级阅读理解题型分类 主旨题 如2005年考题 Whatistheauthor spurposeinwritingthisarticle A TojustifythestudyoftheBostonUniversityMedicalCenter B Tostresstheimportanceofmaintainingproperweight C TosupportthestatementmadebyYorkOnnen D Toshowthemosteffectivewaytoloseweight一看这四个选项 就可以发现A和C里面包含十分具体信息 theBostonUniversityMedicalCenter 和 YorkOnnen 是利用原文中的具体话题 某个细节内容而设计的干扰选项 Exercise OverviewQuestions Everyscientificdisciplinetendstodevelopitsownspeciallanguagebecauseitfindsordinarywordsinadequate andpsychologyisnodifferent Thepurposeofthisspecialjargon 行话 isnottomystifynon psychologists rather itallowspsychologiststoaccuratelydescribethephenomenatheyarediscussingandtocommunicatewitheachothereffectively Ofcourse psychologicalterminologyconsistsinpartofeverydaywordssuchasemotion intelligence andmotivation butpsychologistsusethesewordssomewhatdifferently Forexample laymenusethetermanxietytomeannervousnessorfear butmostpsychologistsusethetermtodescribeaconditionproducedwhenonefearseventsoverwhichonehasnocontrol Themaintopicofthispassageis A effectivecommunicationB thespeciallanguageofpsychologyC twodefinitionsofthewordanxietyD thejargonofscience B 2推理判断题 Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat Fromthepassagewecaninfer drawtheconclusion that Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto Thepassageimplies suggests that Theauthor sattitudetowards is Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablybefound Theparagraphfollowingthispassagemostprobablydiscusses 推理题分类 1综合推理判断题 归纳分析能力推断作者态度与观点 文章主题句和段落主题句 字里行间 上下文 措词褒贬 推断语篇与段落主旨 基本原则 以文章主旨或TS为基础 不能无原则的任意猜测2细节推理判断题 即某一细节的言外之意 原则 身在其外 意在其中 不能脱离该细节上下文来想象 推理 从原则上来讲 态度题可以考查作者对一个中心话题的看法 也可以考查作者对某一具体细节的态度 但是从历年考法来看 四级阅读更加注重考查文章中心话题 所以 态度题经常可以通过文章主题来判断作者的态度 如2003年6月考题 原文首句 It snosecretthatmanychildrenwouldbehealthierandhappierwithadoptiveparentsthanwiththeparentsthatnaturedealtthem 题目 Theauthor sattitudetowardsthejudge srulingcouldbedescribedas A doubtfulB criticalC cautiousD supportive全文首句可以体现文章讨论的中心话题 它明确道出了作者的观点 有时小孩与养父母在一起比与亲生父母在一起更好 而原文中judge sruling的结果就是把小孩判给了养父 所以作者一定会持支持态度 故选D 一 四级阅读理解题型分类 态度题 一 四级阅读理解题型分类 态度题 Whenapplegrowerstalkaboutnewvarietiesofapples theydon tmeansomethingdevelopedlastmonth lastyear oreveninthelastdecade A Applegrowershaven tdevelopedanynewvarietiesinrecentdecades B Somevarietiesofapplescanbedevelopedinashorttime butotherstakealongtime C Newvarietiesofapplestakemanyyearstodevelop 1 判断推测句中omnivorous一词的大意Shehasawideinterestandisanomnivorousreader 根据句中她 兴趣广 这一上文和被修饰的reader一词 可大概判断omnivorous具有 兴趣广 什么书都喜欢读 等含义 2 根据前文 判断下文Lazinessisasin everyoneknowsthat Nevertheless A lazinesscanactuallybehelpfulB lazinessisasignofmentalillnessC lazinessisimmoralandwastefulD youmustbecarefulwhenyouseesomeonelazy根据第一分句的语义倾向和Nevertheless一词 我们可得出这样的判断 即下文要谈的内容必然与之相反 即谈论Laziness也有其有利 肯定的一面 故A最有可能 3细节掌握题 detailquestions WhichofthefollowingisTRUE orNOTTRUE WhichofthefollowingisNOTMENTIONEDinparagraphX Accordingtothepassage alloffollowingaretrueEXCEPTthat Whichofthefollowingmayleadto cause Theauthorstronglyarguesfor oragainst because Themainreasonfor orwhy isthat Theauthorgivesanexampleinpara Xmainlytoshowthat 先看题干 再看原文 带着题干个别的特有信息或者带着题干的中心话题在原文定位 如 Whatdidthehandballplayerdowhenhewasnotallowedatimeouttochangehisgloves 就可以结合handballplayer这个中心话题在原文找答案 四级细节题干有时会有比较明显的信息 如时间数字 专有名词 中心名词 如2005年1月考题 WhatwasconfirmedbytheBostonUniversityMedicalCenter sstudy 题干中BostonUniversityMedicalCenter这个专有名词可以让考生迅速找到考到的原文内容 如果用题干信息在原文找答案没有结果 可以根据题目的先后顺序来确定大概范围 除个别例外 四级细节题大体上还是按照出题的先后顺序找答案的 四级阅读理解题型分类 细节题 三个建议 一 四级阅读理解题型分类 细节题 Initstypicalfeedingposition aseaotter 水獭 swimsalongonitsbackasitusesarocktocracktheshellfishonwhichitfeeds Then tuckingtherockintoapocket likefoldofskinunderitsarm inwhichitalsooftenkeepsasupplyofextrafood itwillturnanddivetothebottomformoreshellfish Ottershavebeenplayingwithrocksandshells throwingthemfromonepawtoanotherforhoursatatime Motherottersusuallysheltertheiryoungontheirchests Iftheyhavetoleavethepupsforanylengthoftime motherottersmaywraptheminthestandofakelpplanttokeepthemfromdriftingaway Althoughanotterislargeatbirth fivetosixpounds itreceivesmaternalcareuntilitisthreeorfouryearsold bywhichtime likeitsparents itcandivetodepthsof100feetormore 1 Whatdoseaottersdowithshellfish A Eatthem B Burythem C Feedthem D Protectthem 2 Wheredoseaottersstorefood A Intheirpaws B Undertheirtongues C Inlittlepocketsintheircheeks D Inpouchesontheirbodies 3 Whendoyoungseaottersusuallybecomeindependentoftheirmothers Soonafterbirth B Afterabout100days C Afterfiveorsixmonths D Afterthreeorfouryears 4词汇意义题 语义题 Theword inline para Xmostprobablymeans InparagraphX theword refersto standsfor Bysaying inlineX para X theauthorisreferringto Theword inparaXcanbebestreplacedby it they inlineXmostprobablyrefersto Whichofthefollowingstatementsisclosestinmeaningtothesentence inpara X 一 四级阅读理解题型分类 词汇题 Vocabularyincontextquestions TheplanetMercuryisvisibletothenakedeyebutisnottheeasiestplanettospot UnclothedUnaidedunarmed 语义题分类 1 同义判别题 生词辨义 上下文暗示或上下文logic关系来推测2 语义转述题 重新paraphrase解释文章中的句子或短语语句特点 a 与themeorTS有关 b 形式结构上有一定难度 c 在特定的context中有特定含义 e g ThebusinessofAmericanisbusiness 3 语义指代题 this可指前或后 that指前 解题技巧 主旨题解题策略找主题句 TS 概括段落大意确定文章主题对比答案各项 找出答案正确答案特点 与TS相似 简明 扼要 不过于笼统也不过于具体 Para 1 Whetheryouareasmokeroranonsmoker youshouldtakemeasurestoprotectyourlungs Youcantestyourlungcapacitybyholdingalightedmatchaboutsixinchesfromyourfaceandtryingtoblowitoutwithyourmouthwideopen Ifyoucannotblowouttheflame arrangeforamedicalexamination Usingasimplemachinecalledaspirometer spirometer adoctorcanmessagethelung sstrengthandcapacity Inotherwords hecantesthowefficientlyyoubreathe Whencombinedwithacompletephysicalexamination thespirometertestmaydetectearlysignsofrespiratoryproblems Whichsentenceexpressesthemainideaa Necessityisthemotherofinvention b Anounceofpreventionisworthapoundofcure c Don tcountyourchickensbeforethey rehatched d Jointheunhookedgeneration 细节题解题策略1 浏览全篇2 按试题顺序查找3 找关键词 找线索干扰项特点 句子与文章中的句子极为相似 此句多半是错的正确项特点 对本文中的keyword进行paraphrase 如emphasis stress Example Oralhealthcareis thesedays abig boombusiness AccordingtoRalphNader Americansspendsome 5billionondentalcareeachyear Yet despitethetremendousamountofmoney timeandenergygivenovertooralhealth dentalliteratureindicatesthatabouthalfthepopulationinthiscountryhaslostallofitsnaturalteethbyage65 Nearlyhalfofallpeopleoverage20wearabridge 假牙上的齿桥 ordenture 假牙 andmorethan20percenthavecompleteupperandlowerdentures Byage50 oneoutofeverytwopersonshasgumdisease ThedentalprofessionblamesneglectfulAmericansthemselves Abouthalfthepopulation itclaims failstovisitthedentistregularlyandsome30millionneverdo Critics ontheotherhand slamtheprofession Itcanbeconservativelyestimatedthatatleast15percentofUnitedStatesdentistsareincompetent dishonest orboth sayaformerPennsylvaniaCommissionerofInsurance Somehavesetthefigureashighas50percent 1 Thepassagebacksupwhichoneofthefollowingstatements Byandlarge dentistsarehonestprofessionals BecauseofthelargesumsofmoneyAmericansspendondentalcaretheirteethareinexcellentcondition Generallyspeaking theresultofpoordentalcaredonotshowupuntilverylateinlife Forthemostpart dentiststhinkthatAmericansshouldassumegreaterresponsibilityinmaintainingthehealthoftheirteeth 2 TheauthorofthispassagestatesthattheaverageAmericans visitshisdentistatleastonceayear stillhasthemajorityofhisnaturalteethattheageof70 annuallyspendsrelativelylittleonhealthcare mayverylikelywearabridgeordenturebytheageof25 推理判断题解题策略1 利用信息推测2 对单个词选择项意义的理解 作者态度 作者的观点 态度 语气题Theauthor sattitudetoward canbestbedescribedassomewhat Theauthor stoneinthepassageisthat Theauthorofthispassagethinksthat Thetoneofthewriteris Theauthor sattitudeisgenerally example U S demandforfuelsisgrowingsteadily andcoulddoubleby1985 Butdomesticsupplyislagging ouroilproductionhaspeakedandisdeclining andnaturalgasisalreadyscarceinsomesectionsofthecountry Coalisinsevereenvironmentaltrouble constructionofnuclearpowerplantsisbehindschedule andanyrealhelpfromsyntheticfuelsistentofifteenyearsaway Sooverthenextdecadetheburdenwillfallheavilyonoilandnaturalgas Andtheavailablereservesofbothhavebeendecliningasdemandrises Ironicallytheresourcesarethere intheground butwearen tfindinganddevelopingthemnearlyfastenough 1 Supplyingthenation sgrowingenergyneedswillrequirea drasticdecreaseofenergyuse b adifferentapproachtofindingnewsources c acrashprogramtodevelopsyntheticfuels d adrasticchangeinthenation slifestyle 2 Judgingfromyourpersonalexperience whichofthefollowingcriticismsseemsfair ToomanyAmericansare a overweightb retiredc prosperousd wasteful 语义题解题策略利用词汇意义 构词法 上下文 context 利用句法结构 词性利用篇章因素 上下文逻辑 discourseknowledge Example Itisdifficulttodecideatwhatpointworryingceasestobe normal butitisclearlyreasonabletoworry Peoplegetseriouslyill plansgoawry tubetrainssometimescrash Inpractice anxietyisjudgedtobepathological 病态的 whenitcurtails 消弱 ourabilitytoleadanormalexistence Wecanmanageperfectlywellwithouttravelinginplanesorlifts andaneveningoutisn tspoiledbythefactthatweareunabletoleavethehousewithouttriple checkingthefront doorlock Such