《路由配置入门》PPT课件.ppt

路由配置入门 完成本章的学习后 您可以完成下面的任务 配置RIP和OSPF路由协议显示路由表状态显示RIP路由信息显示OSPF信息摘要 目标 配置IP路由 Network10 1 2 0 Network10 8 4 0 Network10 1 1 0 RoutingTable Network 10 1 2 0 E0 10 8 4 0 S0 10 1 1 0 To0 Interface E0 To0 S0 Network10 1 3 0 TokenRing 表中包含端口地址的内容 最初的路由表 静态路由缺省路由动态路由 利用IP路由选径 管理距离 administivedistance Interface128 31 7 1AdministrativeDistance 100 Interface128 5 1 3AdministrativeDistance 120 RouterD RouterC RouterB RouterA 我想发个包到D 从B和C都能到 我该怎么走 为一个目的网段或子网指定一条路径 iproutenetwork mask address interface distance permanent Router config 配置静态路由 172 16 2 0 CiscoA 172 16 1 0 255 255 255 0 172 16 2 1 CiscoB E0 S0 S1 S2 S0 iproute172 16 1 0255 255 255 0172 16 2 1 172 16 2 2 静态路由举例 定义一个缺省路由 ipdefault networknetwork number Router config 配置缺省路由 CompanyX PublicNetwork CiscoA 缺省路由举例 192 168 17 0 CiscoARoutingTable ipdefault network192 168 17 0 统一管理下的路由器的集合 自治域系统 AutonomousSystem100 AutonomousSystem200 内部网关协议RIPIGRP 外部网关协议BGP 内部和外部路由协议 内部IP路由协议 RoutingInformationProtocol RIP InteriorGatewayRoutingProtocol IGRP OpenShortestPathFirst OSPF ProtocolEnhancedIGRP EIGRP 全局配置任务选择路由协议指定囊括的网段端口配置分配地址和子网掩码 Network160 89 0 0 Network172 30 0 0 IGRP RIP Network172 16 0 0 RIP RIP IGRP IP路由配置任务 定义一个IP路由协议 routerprotocol keyword Router config 所有的IP路由协议都需配置指明路由所囊括的直连网段 networknetwork number Router config router 配置动态路由 配置RIP 19 2kbps T1 T1 T1 以跳数作为路径好坏的衡量标准 RIP概述 启动RIP路由进程 routerrip Router config networknetwork number Router config router 选择参与路由的直连网段 配置RIP 3 3 0 0 2 6 0 0 2 5 0 0 CiscoA CiscoB CiscoC CiscoD S0 T0 S1 S2 CiscoE 2 4 0 0 1 4 0 0 2 1 0 0 TokenRing TokenRing 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 3 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 7 0 0 CiscoA RIP配置举例 显示IP路由协议 Router showipprotocolRoutingProtocolis rip Sendingupdatesevery30seconds nextduein13secondsInvalidafter180seconds holddown180 flushedafter240OutgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetIncomingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetRedistributing ripRoutingforNetworks 183 8 0 0144 253 0 0RoutingInformationSources GatewayDistanceLastUpdate183 8 128 121200 00 14183 8 64 1301200 00 19183 8 128 1301200 00 03Distance defaultis120 显示IP路由表内容 Router showiprouteCodes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGPD EIGRP EX EIGRPexternal O OSPF IA OSPFinterareaE1 OSPFexternaltype1 E2 OSPFexternaltype2 E EGPi IS IS L1 IS ISlevel 1 L2 IS ISlevel 2 candidatedefaultGatewayoflastresortisnotset144 253 0 0issubnetted maskis255 255 255 0 1subnetsC144 253 100 0isdirectlyconnected Ethernet1R153 50 0 0 120 1 via183 8 128 12 00 00 09 Ethernet0183 8 0 0issubnetted maskis255 255 255 128 4subnetsR183 8 0 128 120 1 via183 8 128 130 00 00 17 Serial0 120 1 via183 8 64 130 00 00 17 Serial1C183 8 128 0isdirectlyconnected Ethernet0C183 8 64 128isdirectlyconnected Serial1C183 8 128 128isdirectlyconnected Serial0 debugiprip命令 Router debugipripRIPprotocoldebuggingisonRouter RIP receivedupdatefrom172 8 128 130onSerial0172 8 0 128in1hops172 8 64 128in16hops inaccessible RIP receivedupdatefrom172 8 64 130onSerial1172 8 0 128in1hops172 8 128 128in1hopsRIP receivedupdatefrom172 8 128 130onSerial0172 8 0 128in1hops172 8 64 128in1hopsRIP sendingupdateto255 255 255 255viaEthernet0 172 8 128 2 subnet172 8 0 128 metric2subnet172 8 64 128 metric6subnet172 8 128 128 metric1network10 253 0 0 metric1RIP sendingupdateto255 255 255 255viaEthernet1 10 253 100 202 network10 50 0 0 metric2network172 8 0 0 metric1 配置IGRP 对于大型网络的可升级性对网络变化的快速反映能力以多种参数衡量路由度量同时支持多条路由 IGRP介绍 IGRP 水平分割 SplitHorizon IGRP的工作过程 触发更新毒性反转定时压制水平分割 定时压制 HolddownTimer Network10 3 0 0失败 触发更新 FlashUpdate 毒性反转 PoisonReverse 带宽Bandwidth延时Delay可靠性Reliability负载Loading最大传输单元MTU 构成IGRPMetric的多种成分 19 2kbps 19 2kbps 源主机 目的主机 最大支持6条线路下一跳路由器一定更接近于目的对不同路径间的负载平衡有一定的要求 IGRP支持不同路径间的负载平衡 初始路由 源主机 目的主机 配置IGRP networknetwork number Router config router 选择加入的直连网段 定义不同自治域系统的IGRP路由进程 配置IGRP 续 显示路由协议 IGRP showipinterfaces命令 Router showipinterfacesEthernet0isup lineprotocolisupInternetaddressis183 8 128 2subnetmaskis255 255 255 128Broadcastaddressis255 255 255 255Addressdeterminedbynon volatilememoryMTUis1500bytesHelperaddressisnotsetDirectedbroadcastforwardingisenabledOutgoingaccesslistisnotsetInboundaccesslistisnotsetProxyARPisenabledSecuritylevelisdefaultSplithorizonisenabledICMPredirectsarealwayssentICMPunreachablesarealwayssentICMPmaskrepliesareneversentIPfastswitchingisenabledIPfastswitchingonthesameinterfaceisdisabledIPSSEswitchingisdisabledRouterDiscoveryisdisabledIPoutputpacketaccountingisdisabled More Router showiprouteCodes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGPD EIGRP EX EIGRPexternal O OSPF IA OSPFinterareaE1 OSPFexternaltype1 E2 OSPFexternaltype2 E EGPi IS IS L1 IS ISlevel 1 L2 IS ISlevel 2 candidatedefaultGatewayoflastresortisnotset144 253 0 0issubnetted maskis255 255 255 0 1subnetsC144 253 100 0isdirectlyconnected Ethernet1I133 3 0 0 100 1200 via144 253 100 200 00 00 57 Ethernet1I153 50 0 0 100 1200 via183 8 128 12 00 00 05 Ethernet0183 8 0 0issubnetted maskis255 255 255 128 4subnetsI183 8 0 128 100 180671 via183 8 64 130 00 00 27 Serial1 100 180671 via183 8 128 130 00 00 27 Serial0C183 8 64 0isdirectlyconnected Ethernet0C183 8 64 128isdirectlyconnected Serial1C183 8 128 128isdirectlyconnected Serial0I172 16 0 0 100 1200 via144 253 100 1 00 00 55 Ethernet1I192 3 63 0 100 1300 via144 253 100 200 00 00 58 Ethernet1 showiproute命令 显示路由表刷新信息 显示路由刷新的概要信息 debugipigrptransaction ip address Router 显示所有的发送和接收的路由刷新信息 Router debugipigrpevents ip address 路由器上可以配置或使用多条路由协议本章介绍了RIP和IGRP两种路由协议CiscoIOS自动地把可以工作的直连路由信息加入路由表showipprotocols命令可以显示正在使用的路由协议showiproute命令可以显示路由表中的信息debugiprip命令可以显示RIP路由刷新信息 小结 练习 试验参考图 R1 R2 R3 10 1 1 2 24 10 1 1 1 24 10 1 3 1 24 10 1 3 2 24 10 1 2 1 24 10 1