PubTalkandtheKing′sEnglish张汉熙高级英语第二册课件.ppt

LessonThree PubTalkandtheKing sEnglish Aims Tolearnthemethodsindevelopinganexpositorywriting esp theuseofexamplesToknowhowtomakegoodconversationTotracethehistoryoftheKing sEnglishToanalysethefeaturesofspokenEnglishToappreciatethelanguagefeatures TeachingContents 1 Exposition2 HistoryofBritain2 Detailedstudyofthetext3 Organizationalpattern4 Languagefeatures5 ThecharacteristicsofspokenEnglish Timeallocation 1 Expositionandhistory 15min 2 Detailedstudyofthetext 105min 3 Structureanalysis 15min 4 Languageappreciation 15min 5 ThecharacteristicsofspokenEnglish 30min Writingstyle apieceofexpositionWhatisKing sEnglish Whatispubtalk Writingstyle Thetitleofthispieceisnotveryaptlychosen Itmisleadsthereadersintothinkingthatthewriterisgoingtodemonstratesomeintrinsicorlinguisticrelationshipbetweenpubtalkandtheking sEnglish Writingstyle Whereasthewriter inreality isjustdiscoursingonwhatmakesgoodconversation Hefeelsthatbarconversationinthepubhasacharmofitsown Writingstyle Thewriterillustrateshispointbydescribingthecharmingconversationhehadwithsomepeopleoneeveninginapubonthetopic theKing sEnglish Thethesis intheopeningsentenceofPara1 Writingstyle Conversationisthemostsociableofallhumanactivities Thelastsentenceofthelastpar windsupthethemebypointingoutwhatisthebane 祸害 ofgoodconversation talkingsense Writingstyle Therealthesis inthe3rdpara Barconversationhasacharmofitsown Abettertitlewouldbe TheArtofGoodConversation TheCharmsofConversation TheHistoryofBritain 1 ThenativepeopleinBritainCelts Celt language 2 RomanConquest43AD ruledfor400yearsLatin language TheHistoryofBritain 3 In449Angles Saxon andJutesfromNorthwestofGermany conqueredthemostpartofEnglandEnglish oldEnglish TheHistoryofBritain 4 9thcentury ScandinavianconquestDanish language 5 11thcenturyNormanConquestfor400yearsFrench language 6 Britishpeopleconqueredtheconquestagain Englishwonitsrecognition http www bbc co uk history timelines britain o neo bronze shtml Detailedstudyofthetext pubtalk conversationheldinthepublichouseTheKing sEnglish standardEnglish Detailedstudyofthetext Conversationisthe Conversationhelpstopromoteanagreeablepleasantandinformalrelationshipamongpeople sociable friendly agreeableThesmithsareasociablefamily Wespentasociableeveningdrinkingtheotherday Asociablepersonisonewhoisfriendly Anditisanactivityonlyofhuman Andconversationisanactivitywhichisfoundonlyamonghumanbeings Animalsandbirdsarenotcapableofconversation intricate complicated Theintricatecomputerrequiresaskilledoperator anintricateargument plotdesign pattern indulgein enjoy satisfy容许自己享受 尽情allowoneselftohaveorenjoyHeindulgedheavilyinconversationanddrink indulgein Heoccasionallyindulgesintheluxuryofagoodcigar Weindulgeinanexpensivesupperaftertheconcert Nazimadmenindulgedinthetortureoftheirvictimsbeforetheykilledthem Par 2 Howtomakegoodconversation Whatmakesgoodconversation 1 Anythingcanstartaconversation Itdoesnotneedaspecialtopictostartaconversation Andoncestarted nooneknowshoworwhereitwillend Whatmakesgoodconversation 2 Whatspoilstheconversationispeoplewhothinktheyhavealotofimportantthingstosay Hewhowouldhaveanythingimportanttosayspoilstheconversation 3 Conversationisnotformakingapoint Whatmakesgoodconversation 4 Thereisnowinninginconversation Onedoesnottrytoprovehimselfrightandotherswrong Wemayarguebutweneedn ttrytoconvinceothersthattheyarewrongandweareright makeapoint proveeffectivelytruthofone sstatementbyargumentorinsomeotherway 立论 证明观点ThisisthefirstpointIwanttomake Inthiscasehemadeapoint 在这一点上 他发表了自己的观点 inaflash inasecond Inaflashherealizedthattheywerepresentsfromhispatients Everythinghappenedinaflash aflashinapan Theyarereadytoletitgo Theyarereadytogiveuptheopportunitytotelloneoftheirbestanecdotes becausetheconversationhasmovedontoothersubjects metaphor meanderleap river1 flowslowlyturninghereandthere2 jumpover metaphor Sparkleglow fire1 smallflashes2 brightlight mixedmetaphor meander sparkle smooth peacefulleap glow exciting heatedThewriterinthesamesentencecomparesconversationtoriverandfireaswell Para3 therealthesis Barconversationhasacharmofitsown Whydoesthewriterlikebarconversationsomuch 1 Thewriterisonlyafrequenterofpubs 2 Bargoersarenotintimatefriends Bar church theplaceforpeopletomakefriends Barplaysanimportantroleinsocialactivitiesinthewesternworld ontherocks infmlclich 1 wreckedorruinedMrJones businesswasontherocks Hisbusinesswaslosingmoneyandalmostruined ontherocks 2 withiceonlySallyorderedanorangejuiceontherocks Sallyorderedanorangejuicewithicecubes Marriageiscomparedtoashipwreckedontherocks Ancientsuperstition 1 getoutofbedonthewrongsidegetuponthewrongsideofthebed Ancientsuperstition Gettingoutofbedonthe wrongside willbringyou bad luck Thewrongsideisusuallythe left side Whenonegetoutofbedonthe wrong side itusuallymeansyou reinthe grumpy or bad mood Gobacktobedandgetupontherightside Ancientsuperstition 2 Steponaspider itissuretorain Thissuperstitionistoldtoallchildren becausenoonewantsittorain Spidersgenerallylivealongandhealthylife 3 Thenumber13hasoftenbeenthoughttobeabadomen Peopleshouldneverinvite 13gueststodinner Itisbelievedthatonewilldiebeforetheyearisout Ancientsuperstition 4 Fridaythe13th isdaytostayathomeanddonothing Itisdoublyunlucky whenthe13thofthemonthfallsonaFriday Bad thingswillhappen Manypeoplerefrainfromstartingactivitiesonthe 13th tomakesurenoevilwillhappentothem up bringing thetrainingandeducationreceivedwhilegrowingupHisupbringingexplainsalotabouthisattitudetowardswomen ofone sown belongstrictlytooneselfShehasamindofherown 她颇有主见 Forreasonsofhisown herefusedtojointheclub 由于某些个人理由 他拒绝参加那个俱乐部 delve dig research investigatedelveintobook专研书本delveintothepast调查过去的情况Ifyoudelveintosth youtrytodiscovernewinformationaboutit twokindsoflanguage a colloquialexpressionontherocksgetoutofbedonthewrongsideb literaryallusion文学典故 引喻inreferencetoaperson event story MusketeersofDumas Para 1 3Questions Howdoyoucommentonthetitle Whatisthefirsttopicthewriterputsforward Doyouthinkthewriterstickstothistopic Whatmakesagoodconversation Whydoesthewriterlikebarconversationsomuch Para 4 Specificexample Itmaybeusedasatransitionalparagraph Inordertoarousethereaderscuriositythewriterdidn tmentionthetopicuntilthenextparagraph desultory aimless half hearted fml 散漫ThewordcomesfromtheLatin desultor leaper Somethingthatisdesultoryisdoneorhappeninanunplannedanddisorganizedway andwithoutenthusiasm desultory Thereweresomedesultoryattemptstodefendhim Hebegantolookdesultorilyforanotherapartment a conversation漫谈 research漫无边际的研究a walk漫步 commonplace ordinary commonDisposablecigarettelightersarecommonplace Airtravelhasnowbecome n Inearliercenturiesthedeathofchildrenwasacommonplace alchemy magic theformofchemistrystudiedintheMiddleAges whichwasespeciallyconcernedwithtryingtodiscoverwaystochangeordinarymetalsintogold aliteraryuse thepowertodosth sowellthatitseemsmysteriousandmagicalthealchemyofhisperformance affirmation astatementofyourbeliefinandsupportforthemthedenunciationofprivilegeandaffirmation指责特权affirmationofequality赞同平等 atermofcriticism why TheKing sEnglishisakindoflanguageoneshouldtrytouseandimitate Someonetoldmethatthelanguageshouldnotbeused Thetermiscriticizinginsteadofpraising convict apersonwhohasbeenfoundguiltyofacrimeandsenttoprisonesp foralongtimeanescapedconvictanex con前科犯 barrier obstacle difficulty difficulty themostgeneralofthewordsandmaybeappliedlooselytoanytroublesomestateofaffairstohavedifficultyinlearninghighermathematicsthedifficultyofdrivingacarthroughdeepmud barrier obstacle difficulty obstacle somethingthatonemusteitherremoveorgoaroundbeforebeingabletoproceedThehugetreethathadbeenblowndownbythestormwasanobstacletotraffic Illhealthmaybeanobstacletoachild sprogressinschool barrier obstacle difficulty barrier anobstaclethattemporarilyimpedesprogressbutisnotnecessarilyimpassable Writersnevertireofdepictingthebarriersthatarisebetweenparentsandgrowingchildren barrier Thethickwallsandmoatsofcastleswerebuiltasbarriersagainstattackers 城堡修筑厚实的城墙及护城河都是为了将其用作防御进攻的障碍物 churl olduse apersonoflowbirth esp apeasant swing causeto changetoalargedegreeSheswungfromhappinesstotearsThevalueofthedollarswungdownwards Par8 HistoryofEnglish TThewriterheremakesdigressiontoshowconversationgoingonwithoutfocus outofsnobbery inorder becausetheywanttoshowtheirsuperiortasteinmatteroffood outofsnobbery InEnglishrestaurants esp inhigh classrestaurants thenamesofthedishesonthemenusarequiteofteninFrench ThisisdoneoutofsnobberybecauseintheWesterncountriespeopleconsiderFrenchfoodtobethebest outofsnobbery ButeveniftheywrotetheirmenusinEnglish theywouldhavetousemanywords suchaspork beef veal poultryetcderivedfromFrenchandwhichwerefirstintroducedintoEnglandbytheNormanrulers snobbery 1 theattitudeofsomeonewhobelongstooradmiresthehighersocialclassofsociety anddespisespeopleofalowersocialclass snobbery 2 theattitudeofsb whobelievesthathisownspecialtastes interestsandabilitiesaresuperiortothoseofotherpeople snobbish snob rift fml lit 1 acrack narrowopeningmadebybreakingThesunappearedthroughariftintheclouds 2 fig divisionI mafraidthere sbeenariftbetweenus Adeeprifthasstartedintheirfamilylife Par 10 exampletoshowclassdistinctionscamper Whenpeopleorsmallanimalsscamper theymovewithsmall quick bouncingsteps Themousescamperedintoitshole turnupone snoseat atriteexpressionshowcontemptfor ignore score considersthnotgoodenoughIwishmychildwouldn tturnuphisnoseatvegetables turnupone snoseat Myfriendturnsuphisnoseatanyonewhohasn thadacollegeeducation turnupone stoes todie slang bilingualeducation usingtwolanguagesinteachingSincetherearenowsometwoorthreemillionAmericansofLatinAmericanparentagewhoselanguageisSpanish arecentmovementhasbeenforbilingualeducation usuallyEnglishandSpanish Underthisplan studentswhosefirstlanguageissthotherthanEnglishreceiveinstructioninthatlanguageaswellasEnglish soasnottodeprivethemofequaleducationalopportunity bilingualeducation Thisproposal whichhasbeenonlysporadically 不时发生地 implemented 执行 生效 hascausedagreatdealofcontroversyintheUS bi adj meaningdouble two appearingtwicebimonthly每月二次biannual每年二次biplane双翼飞机 intotheshoesof infml inthepositionofexperiencingwhatanotherhastoexperienceI mgladI mnotinhisshoejustnow culturalhumiliation TheEnglishmusthavefeltgreatlyhumiliatedwhentheywereforcedtolistentoanduseaforeignlanguageandtoacceptaforeignlanguage Sotheytookuparmsagainstthisculturalhumiliation TheleaderisHerewardtheWake HerewardtheWake 3image 1 anAnglo Saxonpatriotandrebelleader heroseagainsttheNormanconquerorsbutwasdefeated ThissentencemeanslikeHerewaaardtheWake whentheEnglishroseagainsttheNormanconquerors theymusthavefeltgreatlyhumiliatedwhentheywereforcedtolistentoanduseaforeignlanguagetoacceptaforeignculture heirstoit it isnotclear1 theEnglishwespeakandwriteinAmericatodayalsoshowstheFrenchinfluenceofthattime WehaveinheritedthisFrenchinfluenceontheEnglishlanguage heirstoit 2 InAmericatodaywearefacingthesameproblemthatexistedinEngland900yearsago Theproblemofhavingtwolanguagesexistingsidebyside EnglishandSpanish Par12 thehistoryoftheKing sEnglishNewes archaicspellingStrangeNewsoftheInterceptingCertainLettersthouclipsttheKing sEnglish middleEnglish clip simplify abbreviateinspeechorwritingas n kyou for thankyou Theygavehimclippedandpreciseinstructions Hisplaysarewritteninaveryclippedstyle Aclippedstyleoflanguageexpressesthingsquicklyandclearlyusingasfewwordsaspossible God spatience Therewillbeagreattryingofone spatienceandplentifulmisuseoftheKing sEnglish Nomatterhowpatientyouare youwon tbeabletobearhim becausehewilleventryGod spatience Godismorepatientthananyhumanbeing abusing 1 takeunfairorundueadvantageof one spatience 2 improperorincorrectuseoflanguage theKing sEnglish comeintoitsown receivewhatproperlybelongstoone espacclaimorrecognition获得应得的Shedidn treallycomeintoherownuntilshe dwontheelectionforPartyleader 才奠定了应有的地位WiththesuccessoftheModelTFord theautomobileindustrycameintoitsown 随着T型福特汽车的成功 汽车工业受到了应有的重视 Elizabethans thefamouswritersinElizabethantime period Shakespeare Milton Simile Extendedsimileblowonadandelionclock seedsmultiplied floatedtotheendsoftheearthTospreadtheEnglishlanguageiscomparedtotheblowingofadandelionclock Englishwasspreadfarandwidebythosefamouswriters TheKing sEnglishwasnolonger TheuseofEnglishwasnolongerrestrictedtoacertainraceorclass NowEnglishisusedbothbytheKingandcommonpeopleinEngland pejorative disparaging downgrading aword phrase thatsuggeststhatsomebodyorsth isbadorworthlessIdidn tthinkheisusinginequalityinapejorativesense facetious comesfromtheFrench faetie ajestjokingesp ataninappropriatetimeIbecameangrywiththatfacetiousboy Aphraseusedpejorativelyorfacetiouslyisclearlyloweredinimportanceanddignity underling s derog apersonoflowrankorpositioninrelationtoanothersuchasaservant Englishasitshouldbespoke Thedeliberatepoorgrammarusedherereflectsthedesirebysomemembersofthelowerclassestostripthelanguageofanypretence tokeepitfrombeingusedinsnobbishway Carlyle ThomasCarlyle 1795 1881 aScottishessayistandhistorianandaverystrongvoiceintheintellectualcirclesofVictorianEngland Carlyleism卡莱尔风格 harden becomehardorforcefulThereexistsakindofdanger That sforus wordswillbecomeconcretethings edict fml anofficialpublicorderhavingtheforceoflaw whicheveryonemustobeyafirm authoritativecommandorinstruction immune to 不受影响的 Ifyouareimmunetosth thathappensorisdone youarenotaffectedbyit Hewasimmunetotheflatteryofotherspeople TheAmericaneconomyisprovingsurprisinglyimmunetobigfluctuations波动ininterestrates be againstattackbe fromtaxationn diplomaticimmunity外交豁免权 commonsense 头脑 见地 应有的判断力practicalgoodsenseandjudgmentgainedfromexperience ratherthanspecialknowledgefromschoolorstudy commonsense aperson snaturalabilitytomakegoodjudgmentsandtobehaveinapracticalandsensibleway 1 Althoughsheisnotveryclevershe sgotalotofcommonsense 2 Haven tyouenough toknowthatit sunwisetogoswimmingjustafterabigmeal ultimatum afinalstatementoftermsmadebyonepartyoranother Thereisanimplicationofseriouspenaltiesifthetermsarenotaccepted ThewordcomesfromLatin ultimatus last andisobviouslyrelatedto ultimate 最后通牒 最后条件 ultimatum WhenIranheldAmericandiplomatshostage ultimatumswereissuedbytheIraniannowandthendemandingconcessionfromtheAmericansiftheirdemandswerenotmet Detailedstudyofthetext TheKing sEnglishsetsupanexcellentstandardforustoimitateforwecangainalotofusefulknowledgeorinformationbystudyingit butpeopleshouldnotforcedtoacceptit Par18 sowemayreturn Thewriterrealizeshehasbeendigressingfromhissubjectsohecomesbacktohiscentralthem conversation slipsandslides metaphortoslideonaslipperysurface toloseone sfooting hencetomakeamistake fallintoerrorTheEnglishoneusesisnolongerabsolutelycorrect Foster CollectivePoetry AspectsofthenovelisamajorstudyofthenovelandFoster smostimportantcriticalwork 1939 movetotheUS1946 becameacitizen1956 1961 professorofpoetryatOxford1967 awardedthenationalmedalforliterature Foster THEDOGBENEATHTHESKIN1935皮下之狗ONTHEFRONTIER1938边界上JOURNEYTOAWAR1935战地行arecordoftheirexperiencetoChina Foster NEWYEARLETTER1941新年来信FORTHETIMEBEING ACHRISTMASORATORIO1945暂时FORAGEOFANXIETY1947PulitzerPrize忧虑的年代 sinister thesinistercorridorofourage metaphortheroadwetravel comparedtoacorridorinourage peoplearetravelingalongasinisterroaddoingallkindsofevilthings asinisterlookonhisfaceArathersinisterfigurewaswalkingaboutbehindthebushes sinister Foster smetaphorreferstotheuglyandfrighteningworldofthe20thcenturywhichhasindeedbeenasinistercorridorformankindtowalkdown fraughtasithasbeenwithdangeroneveryside situp Ifsth makesyousitup itmakesyoupaysuddenattentiontowhatishappeningWhydon tyouthreatentoresign thatwouldmakethemsitup greatminds peoplewithgreatmindsdistinguishedeminentpeople salon 1 Asalonisadrawingroomorlargeroomforentertainingguests In18thcenturyFrance suchsalonsoftherichwereoftengatheringplacesforpersonsofsocialandintellectualdistinction salon 2 artexhibition theSalon 3 parlorabeautysalonliterarysalon saloon 1 agrandlyfurnishedroomforthesocialuseofaship spassengers inahotel02 sedan car for4to7passengers3 alargepublicdrinkingplace barItalianword sala hall rank SirLadyduke duchessmarquis marchionessearl count countessviscount viscountessbaron baronesstheonlydifference Detailedstudyofthetext thesaucespreparedbyMme Deffand scookandsupremechef Brinvilliers wereequallyterrible Theonlydifferencebetweenthetwocookslayperhapsintheirdifferentpurpose intentioninpreparingthesauces Organizationalpattern 4sectionsSect Ipar 1 3Thewriterputsforwardthetheses 1 Conversationisthemostsociableofallhumanactivities 2 Barconversationhasacharmofitsown Organizationalpattern Sect IIpar 4 11anexampletosupportthethesisnofixedtopic theKing sEnglish Australia Saxonchurls thelanguagebarriersTheexamplehaswellexplainedwhereitscharmlies Organizationalpattern Sect IIIpar 12 19moredigressions whatthewriterthoughtaboutafterthebarconversationthenightbefore Para 12 15HegiveshispersonalreflectiononthehistoryandmeaningoftheKing sEnglishPara 16 19Bythementioningofdictionariesandsalonsof18thParis herevealshisattitudetowardstheKing sEnglish attitude 1 notultimatum2 slipsandslides Organizationalpattern Sect IV Para 20 21conclusionThosepeoplewhoruintheconversationbytryingtotalksensearejustlikechimpanzeeswhoarenotcapableofconversation Languagefeatures conversationalstylelooselyorganizedinformallanguage tosuitthetheme Languagefeatures Reasonsfortheinformalstyle 1 thetitlemisleadingThewritertalksaboutthecharmofconversationbyillustrations HowtoMakeGoodConversation TheCharmofConversation Languagefeatures 2 thethesisWehavetwothesesherea Conversationisthemost b Barconversationhasacharmof therealone Languagefeatures 3 thetransitionordigressionpara 5servedastransitionshiftgeneraldiscoursetospecificone Languagefeatures 4 twodifferentkindsoflanguagea colloquialexpressionsb copioushistoricalallusionsliteraryallusions Languagefeatures 5 mixedmetaphors6 nobigandabstractwords7 sentencefragments Exercise Paraphrase Conversationisanactivitywhichisfoundonlyamonghumanbeings 2 Conversationisnotforpersuadingotherstoacceptone sownideaorpointofview Exercise 3 Infact thosewhoreallyenjoyandskilledatconversationwillnotarguetowinorforceothertoaccepttheirpointofview