《研究生英语熟谙》PPT课件.ppt

2020 3 26 1 Pre readingExercises 2020 3 26 2 1 Whatiscompetence 2 Whatiscommitment 3 Pleaseexplainthemeaningofthetitle 2020 3 26 3 Discussion Whathaveyouachievedfromyourcollegiateexperienceinanyaspects 2020 3 26 4 TheAuthor ErnestL Boyer 1928 1995 wasanAmericaneducator 2020 3 26 5 BoyerservedasChancellor headmaster oftheStateUniversityofNewYorkfrom1970 1977 2020 3 26 6 BoyerservedasUnitedStatesCommissioner Minister ofEducationfrom1977 1979 President Chairman oftheCarnegieFoundationfortheAdvancementofTeaching 卡内基教学促进会 from1979tohisdeathin1995 Boyerwasrecipientofnumerousawards includingover140honorarydoctorates 2020 3 26 7 Inthearticle ErnestBoyerdiscussesalotofproblemsabouthighereducationintheUSandhealsotellsushowtosolvetheseproblems Heissurethatundergraduateeducationcanmakeadifferenceintheintellectualandpersonallivesofitsstudents 2020 3 26 8 ambiguousadj 意义含糊的 有歧义的 e g Hekeptmakingambiguousremarksinsteadofstraightforwardyes or noreplies ambiguityn 2020 3 26 9 pursuitn in ofsb sthinhot pursuev 2020 3 26 10 imperativeadj Itis that should do 2020 3 26 11 rigorousadj tests rules scholarship 2020 3 26 12 FromCompetencetoCommitmentWarm upquestions 1 Whatdoyouthinkisthecompetenceuniversitystudentsshouldpossess 2 Whatkindofcommitmentshouldthestudentsoftodayfulfill 2020 3 26 13 Allthesearethequestionstoday sstudentsmustanswer Pleasestudythefollowingtextandgiveyouranswers 2020 3 26 14 argumentation 1 argument2 reasonsofargument3 proofofargument 2020 3 26 15 establishthemselves insth assth placesb oneselfinaposition office etc usu onapermanentbasis 使某人任职 使某人成为 安顿e g Hehasestablishedhimselfastheleadingcandidateintheelection Hehasnowcomfortablyestablishedinhisnewhouse Themanagerestablished 安排 hisrelativesinthebestjobs 2020 3 26 16 admitto confess recognizeoracknowledgesthastrue oftenreluctantly 承认 坦白e g Headmittedtothemurder Headmittedtohavingtakenthemoney Ontheonehand andontheotherhand 2020 3 26 17 Para 1 Whatisthetopicsentenceofthisparagraph Howdoestheauthordevelopthemainidea 2020 3 26 18 Para 1Paraphrase Undergraduatesaresearchingtoidentityandmeaning Undergraduatesaretryingtomakeclearwhatkindofindividualstheyactuallyareandwhatvaluestheyaregoingtorealize 努力寻找自己的人生价值和意义 2020 3 26 19 Para 1Tr betornbyidealismofservice thetemptationtoretreatintoaworld 2020 3 26 20 betornby 1 betorturedandpuzzlebysth 折磨e g Therearestillquiteafewnationstornbycivilwarorriots 2020 3 26 21 2 feelveryworried guilty anxious etc becauseoneisaffectedbyastrongemotionorfeeling 感情上 感到担心 内疚 焦虑e g Herheartwastornbyanxiety 2020 3 26 22 Theyaretornbyidealismofserviceontheonehand andontheother thetemptationofretreatintoaworldthatneverrisesaboveself interest Ideally theywouldlikejobswhichserveotherpeople butontheotherhandtheyarealsoattractedbycareerswhichwillservetheirowninterest 一如芸芸众生的我们 他们也陷入了两难的境地 一方面 他们在乐于奉献的理想主义中挣扎 另一方面 高于一切的自身利益对他们又充满了无限的诱惑 2020 3 26 23 riseabove超出 之上 克服 缺点 困难 succeedinwhatyouaredoingwithoutbeingaffectedbyite g Maryroseaboveallthetroubleathomeanddidwellinherclasses Mikehadrisenabovehislimitingsocialpositionandmadeitasasuccessfulbusinessman Awomanwhocanriseabovesuchdisadvantagesisclearlyexceptional 2020 3 26 24 Para 2Structure 1 argument2 authoritativewords3 author sviewpoint4 twoquestions 2020 3 26 25 Para 21 Paraphrase thewillingnessofgraduatestobesociallyandcivicallyengaged whetherthegraduatesarewillingtobeworkingforthesocietyandcivicobligations cf thewillingnessofgraduatestoengageinthesocietyandtheduty 平淡 e g apowerfulandgloballyengagednation G Bush一个强大的参与全球性事务的国家 2020 3 26 26 Para 22 Tr 1 归根结底 评价大学教育是否成功的标准就是看毕业生是否愿意参与到社会和公民的事务中去 以社会贡献为己任 2020 3 26 27 Para 2Paraph Tr 2 Mancannotbeholdexcepthebecommitted Peoplecannotrealizetheirownpotentialunlesstheydevotethemselvestosociety 一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任 他才能够认识到自身的潜能 一个人如果一味地以自我为中心 他将会失去自我而永远发现不到自己的价值 2020 3 26 28 Para 2Tr 3 这种本科大学教育的观念必须反映在超越自我的决心上 在这样一个充满竞争的时代 每一名大学毕业生需要诚实 礼貌而又不乏同情心 2020 3 26 29 ThemainideaofPart1 Para1 2 Whereshouldtoday suniversitystudentsputtheirfaithinthisuncertainage Thecontradictionbetweenthepresentsituationofeducationandidealismoftheundergraduateexperience 2020 3 26 30 Para 3Tr 1 Thereis an urgentneed in todo close gapbetween and 在美国的教育过程中迫切需要解决公共政策和人民意愿之间的鸿沟 这种危机在不断地扩大 Thereis an urgentneedtobuildupstudents capacityratherthanbooklearning 2020 3 26 31 Para 3Tr 2 Theinformationrequired beyondourgrasp 为政府的议程提供建设性意见所必备的知识似乎越来越超出了我们的理解能力 所以 好多人认为想通过公民的参与来解决一些复杂的社会问题已经是不可能的了 设想 非专业人士在不懂得专业语言的情况下 怎么能探讨重大政策的抉择呢 2020 3 26 32 Para 5Tr 1 像地方的区域规划 废除校园歧视 污水问题 公共交通的治理 以及有线电视公司相互竞争申请许可证等 仅仅是一些地方性事务的事情 现在也需要专家来解决 这些专家充满技术术语的解释 不但没有使这些问题清晰明了 反而使这些问题变得混淆不清 2020 3 26 33 Para 4 atmosphericadj atmosphericpressure气压atmospheren semi metaphysicaladj partiallybasedonabstractreasoning近乎玄乎的 2020 3 26 34 Para 5Tr 2 因而 正是社会生活的复杂性要求提供更多的 而不是较少的信息资料 要求更多的 而不是较少的公民参与 2020 3 26 35 Para 6Tr 作为公民 我们只有找到更好的教育方法 只有提出更棘手的问题并得到满意的答案 才能在关键的决策时刻承当风险 运用我们所学的知识做出重大决定 否则 我们只能盲目地相信一个或几个所谓的专家做出决策 2020 3 26 36 Governmentbythepeople AbrahamLincoln ItiscitedfromGettysburgAddressgivenbyAbrahamLincoln 1809 1865 thesixteenthpresidentoftheUSA TheAddresswasmadeatthededicationofthenationalcemeteryonthebattlefieldofGettysburg Pennsylvania USA onNovember19 1863 Hemadetheculminating thesupremestatement concludingwiththewords thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion thatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain thatthisnation underGod shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom andthatgovernmentofthepeople bythepeople forthepeople shallnotperishfromtheearth Back 2020 3 26 37 Para 7 8 9 Whatthree needs doestheauthormentioninparagraph7 8and9 Weneed1 Groupsofwell informed caringindividuals 2 Concernedpeople3 Studentswithaperspectivewhichisbothnationalandglobal 2020 3 26 38 Whydoestheauthormentionthethree needs Becausetheobligationoftheundergraduatecollegeistoprovidetheenlightenedleadership ournationurgentlyrequiresifgovernment bythepeople istoendure 2020 3 26 39 Para 9 Whydoestheauthorthinkweneedaspecialwaytoconsiderthingswhichisnotonlynationalbutalsoglobal Humanbeingsareallcustodiansofasingleplanet Ourplanethasbecomemorecrowded moreinterdependentandmoreunstable Letthestudentsseebeyondthemselves understandtheirplaceincomplexworldandstrengthentheirabilitytoliveresponsibly 2020 3 26 40 Which need doestheauthordiscussmost Thethirdneed Howmanyparagraphsdoesthediscussionofthethird need cover Itcovers6paragraphs para 9 para 14 2020 3 26 41 Para 8Tr ifgovernmentbythepeopleistoendure ifgovernmentbythepeopleistocontinuetoexist 但我们深信 如果 民治政府 要有生命力的话 大学相对于其他机构来说 更有责任去培养我们国家所急需的具有宏韬伟略的领导人 enlightenedleadership 2020 3 26 42 endure 1 vi continuetoexistforalongtime continue Thepolicyof OneCountry TwoSystem hasbeenensuredbytheConstitutiontoendureatleast50yearsinChina Thesetraditionshaveenduredthroughouttheages 这些传统世代相传 2 vt bear sth unpleasant calmlyforalongtime sufferpatiently忍耐 2020 3 26 43 Para 8 enduringadj 持久的 e g enduringmemories anenduringpeaceendurableadj 可忍受的endurancen U 忍受力 2020 3 26 44 Para 9Tr otherthan1 except 2 differentfrome g Wecannotpretendtobeotherthanwhoweare otherthan differentfromWemissedthelastbus sotherewasnochoiceotherthantowalkhome otherthan except现在的学生不但要对本国的人民与文化了如指掌 而且也应该熟知国外的人民与文化 2020 3 26 45 Para 10Tr 1 neither nor 我们的同情心 我们善于分析的智慧都不再受限于地图上的政治分界线 2020 3 26 46 Para 10Tr 2 as as 我们开始知道 饥荒与人权如同武器与条约一样 对人类团结起着决定性的影响 2020 3 26 47 Para 10Tr 3 Dwarfing causetoappearsmallbycontrastDwarfingallotherconcerns Beingthebiggestconcern Makingallotherconcernslessimportant 最令人担心的是 蘑菇云那不祥的阴影已笼罩在人类的脑海里 2020 3 26 48 Para 11 disturbinglackofknowledgeandevenattimesaclimateofindifferenceaboutourworld alackofknowledgewhichisworrying andsometimesanuncaringattitudeaboutourworld whichsometimesworriesusevenmore 2020 3 26 49 Para 13ParaphraseTr Thetroublewithmanycollegesisthattheyindulgethenestinginstinctbybuildingprotectedlittlecommunitiesinsidetheirgreatwalls Theproblemwithmanycollegesisthatthecollegesallowstudentstoformcommunitiesinsidetheschoolwhichdonotdealwiththerealitiesoflife nestinginstinct naturaltendencywithouttraining 许多大学教育问题就在于学校放任学生们本能地在校园内自筑围墙 自我封闭 构筑自己小范围的社交圈 而不去接触校园外的现实社会 2020 3 26 50 Para 14Tr toliveconfidentlyandresponsibly tolivewithconfidenceandresponsibility 他们生活的信心及生活的责任感将慢慢被消磨殆尽 及至危险的地步 2020 3 26 51 ThemainideaofPart2 PP3toPP14 Thecollagegraduatehascivicobligationstofulfillandtofulfillthisurgentobligation theperspectiveneededisnotonlynational butalsoglobal 2020 3 26 52 para 15 Whatistheproblemwithtoday scollegeeducationaccordingtotheauthor StudentshavecompetenceonlyinPleasereadpara 151 Meetingschedules 2 Gatheringinformation 3 Respondingwellontests 4 Masteringthedetailsofspecificfield 5 Beingconcernedabouttheircreditsandcourses 2020 3 26 53 Para 16 Themostcreativemomentswerepushedtothefringesofourinstitutionallife thetimejustforcreationisputtoalessimportantpositionincollegelife bepushedtothefringes edge offringen edge fig monumentaladj huge verygreat 作定语 amonumentalachievement success blunder failure etc 有纪念意义的 amonumentalsculpture figure etc 2020 3 26 54 para 16 Whataretheresultsofthiscollegeeducation Themostdeeplyfeltissues themosthauntingquestionsandthemostcreativemomentsarereducedtobecominglessimportant arepushedtothefringes 2020 3 26 55 Para 16 MainIdea Educationforwhatpurpose Competencetowhatend 2020 3 26 56 Para 16Tr 这一时期 人们对一些问题的感触最深 对一些悬而未决的疑难问题最感兴趣 创造力最活跃 如果人生的这一黄金时期被置于无人问津的次要地位 那将是人生的悲剧 2020 3 26 57 Para 16Tr 2 在大学教育阶段 如果学生们习惯于墨守成规 陷入学术界有时过分倡导的条条框框的束缚之中 那将是人生的一大遗憾 2020 3 26 58 Para 17Tr 1 然而 他们往往却由此而陷入陈规陋习之中 变得死气沉沉 心不在焉 2020 3 26 59 Para 17Tr 2 当我们与师生交谈时 常常会感到丝丝不安 人类生存必须要关注的最重要的问题 即社会的自然属性 社会不平等的根源 人类生存的前景等 大学教育几乎没有培养学生应对这些问题的能力 2020 3 26 60 MainIdeaofPart3 para 15 17 Whatisthepurposeofeducation Towhatendiscompetence 2020 3 26 61 para 18 21 Educationforwhatpurpose Competencetowhatend Howtoassessthecollegeeducation Theauthorassumesthattheexperienceofundergraduatesshouldcoverthefollowingthreeaspects 2020 3 26 62 Aspect1 Thestudentsshouldbecomeproficientintheuseofknowledge acquireasolidbasiceducationandbecomecompetentinaspecificfield Howtomeasuretheabilityofaspect1 Bymeasuringthestudent sperformanceintheclassroom andalsotheperformanceofthegraduateintheworkplaceandfurthereducation 2020 3 26 63 Aspect2 Thestudentsmustbeinspiredbyalargeviewoffuture usingtheknowledgetheyhaveacquiredtodevotethemselvestothesociety thecountryandtheworld para 19 20 Aspect3 Thestudentsshouldbeencouragedtodevelopthecapacitytojudgewiselyinmattersoflifeandpersonalconduct 2020 3 26 64 Para 18Tr Further 另外 大学教育的价值将通过毕业生在工作岗位上的表现及其接受继续教育的情况而体现出来 2020 3 26 65 Para 19 atitsbest atone shighestlevelofskill inasgoodastateaspossible处于最佳状态 e g Athisbest Bakerisoneofthemostexcitingtennisplayersintheworldtowatch Thecherryblossomsarenowattheirbest c f atbest takingthemosthopefulview充其量 Wecan tarrivebeforeFridayatbest 我们无论如何也无法在星期五前到达 反义词是 atitsworst 2020 3 26 66 para 20Tr isourhighestvalue如果我们连奉献于他人的精神都缺失的话 那就更不用说会去为了一套抽象的价值观做奉献了 那么 很难想象我们的民族将会是一个什么样子的民族 如果说追求自身利益是我们崇尚的最高价值观念 而人性也只是一件无利可图的商品 那么我们将会选出什么样的政府官员呢 2020 3 26 67 Para 21Tr 1 forexploringambiguities reflecton thinkdeeply无论是在教室里 还是在酒吧里 或是在侃大山的聚会中 鼓励他们将时间花在探索和思考未知的世界上 2020 3 26 68 Para 21Tr 2 而是要解除对他们思想的禁锢 为他们提供一个良好的氛围 将他们培养成具有正确的伦理道德观和坚定信念的人才 2020 3 26 69 Para 22Tr 而专业学习也不应成为他们停止接受明辨事理能力培养的理由 也不应成为他们动摇探求人生目标的坚定的理由 2020 3 26 70 Para 23 impactn effect influencehave makeanimpacton uponsb sthe g Hisspeechmakeatremendousimpactoneveryone Warningsaboutthedangersofsmokingseemtohavelittleimpactonthisagegroup impactv e g Howwillthisprogramimpactonthelocalcommunity intangiblen U C sththatcannotbetouchedorgraspedadj intangiblec f invisible thatcannotbeseen intangibleassets无形资产 Ant tangible 2020 3 26 71 Para 23Tr 1 我们深刻地意识到 我们这个时代所发生的一些事情对当今年轻的学子以及他们所生活的大学的影响是有限的 2020 3 26 72 Para 23Tr 2 但我们永远希望 大学教育应坚忍不拔地努力使毕业生在智力水平及社会生活中成为智慧显赫的人 在他们所乐于承担的社会职责及公民的责任方面能够做到与众不同 最终使他们具有出类拔萃的世界观 2020 3 26 73 ThemainideaofPart4 Para 18 23 Theundergraduateexperienceatitsbestwillmovethestudentfromcompetencetocommitment Butourabiding eternal hopeiswithdeterminationandeffortthatthecollegecanmakeadifferenceintheintellectualandpersonallifeofitsgraduates inthesocialandcivicresponsibilitiestheyarewillingtoassume andultimatelyintheirworldperspective 2020 3 26 74 TheOrganizationoftheText PartOnePara 1 Para 2Mainidea Whereshouldtoday suniversitystudentsputtheirfaithinthisuncertainage ParttwoPara 3 Para 14Mainidea Thecollegegraduatehascivicobligationstofulfillandtofulfillthisurgentobligation theperspectiveneededisnotonlynational butalsoglobal 2020 3 26 75 TheOrganizationoftheText PartThreePara 15 Para 17Mainidea Educationforwhatpurpose Competencetowhatend PartFourPara 18 Para 23Mainidea Theundergraduateeducationatitsbestwillmovethestudentsfromcompetencetocommitment 2020 3 26 76 Sum up 1 Part1 para 1 2 ThecontradictionineducationPart2 para3 14 Thecollegegraduates obligationandthreeneedsPart3 para15 17 ThemaintroublewithmostuniversitiesPart4 para 18 23 Makingadifferenceineducation 2020 3 26 77 Sum up1 Thisessaymainlydiscussesthepurposeofeducation Thecollegeeducationatitsbestshouldmovethestudentfromcompetencetocommit