精讲精练：直接引语变间接引语

精讲精练 直接引语变间接引语 讲练结合版 精讲精练 直接引语变间接引语 讲练结合版 一 一 概述概述 引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法 直接引述别人的原话 这叫做直接引语 direct speech 用自己的话转述别人的话 叫间接引语 indirect speech 一般地讲 直接引语前后要 加引号 间接引语不用引号 而用宾语从句来表达 Mr Black said I m busy 布布菜克先生 说 我很忙 直接引语 Mr Black said that he was busy 布菜克先生说他很忙 宾语从句 是间接引语 二 二 直接引语变间接引语应注意的问题直接引语变间接引语应注意的问题 1 连接词的选择 连接词的选择 1 直接引语如果是陈述句 变为间接引语时 用连词 that 引导 that 在口语中常省去 that 从句之前用 say tell 等 动词 He said I like it very much He said that he liked it very much 2 直接引语是一般问句 变为间接引语时 须用连接词 whether 或 if 连接 使其成为间接引语的宾语从句 如果 主句中的谓语动词为 said 则将其改为 asked 如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语 可以加上一个 间接宾语 me him her them us 等 She said Is your father an engineer She asked me if whether my father was an engineer 3 直接引语是特殊问句 如果直接引语为特殊疑问句 改为间接引语时 仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词 what where when who how many 作为连接词将其引出 构成间接引语中的宾语从句 如果主句中的 谓语动词为 said 则将其改为 asked When did you get up this morning asked my father My father asked me when I had got up that morning 4 直接引语是祈使句 当直接引语是祈使句 变为间接引语要用 telltell sb sb not not toto dodo sthsth 结构 The teacher said to her mother Please give me the book The teacher told her mother to give her the book 巧记 去掉引号要加去掉引号要加去掉引号要加去掉引号要加 toto askask orderorder 须记住 直引若是否定式 notnot 加在 toto 前部 转述祈使句时 要使祈使句的动词原形变为带 to 的不定式 并在不定式的前面根据句子 的意思加上 telltell askask ordeorder 等动词 如果祈使句为否定式 在不定式的前面加 not 如果 祈使句中有 pleaseplease 一词 改为间接引语时 就将 pleaseplease 去掉 成为 toldtold asked asked ordered ordered warned someonewarned someone not not toto dodo somethingsomething 结构 He said Sit down please He asked me to sit down The teacher said Don t talk in class The teacher told us not to talk in class The captain said to his men Fire The captain ordered his men to fire The policeman said to the children Don t play football in the middle of the street The policeman warned the children not to play football in the middle of the street 2 人称的变化 人称的变化 直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化 口诀如下 一随主 二随宾 第三人称不更新 一随主 即把直接引语中的第一人称 如 I me my mine we us our ours 变为与主 句的主语相一致的人称 二随宾 即把直接引语中的第二人称 you your yours 变为和主句 的间接宾语 即听话人 如无听话人 可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称 相一致的人称 第三人称不更新 即直接引语中的第三人称 he him his she her hers it its they their theirs them 变为间接引语时 人称不变 一随主 They said our parents often go shopping with us They said their parents often go shopping with them 二随宾 He said You told me this story He said that I had told him that story She said to Mary How is your brother now She asked Mary how her brother was then 第三人称不更新 He said to me She s left her book in your room He told me that she had left her book in my room Mr White said Hand is a good worker Mr White said Hand was a good worker 3 时态的变化时态的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时 从句的时态要作出相应的变化 当主句为一般现在时 从句可以 是任何时态 当主句为一般过去时 从句必须为过去时的某个时态 即 主过从过 主现从任 情态动词也要变成相应的过去式 Can could may might must must had to 直接引语间接引语 一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时 一般过去时过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 不变 一般将来时过去将来时 一般将来进行时过去将来进行时 一般将来完成时过去将来时 He said I usually watch TV on Sunday He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday He said I m using the knife He said that he was using the knife She said I have not heard from him since May She said that she had not heard from him since May He said I had finished my homework before supper He said that he had finished his homework before supper Zhou Lan said I ll do it after class Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class He said I shall be doing my homework then He said that he should be doing his homework then He said We shall have finished the work by that time He said that they should have finished the work by that time 注意 直接引语如果是客观真理直接引语如果是客观真理直接引语如果是客观真理直接引 语如果是客观真理 名人名言 与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时 变为间接引 语时 时态不变 The teacher said The earth is round The teacher said that the earth is round He said I was born in Shangdong in 1965 He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965 He said Columbus discovered America in 1492 He said Columbus discovered America in 1492 他说哥伦布在 1492 年发现了美洲 4 语序的变化语序的变化 直接引语如为疑问句 改为间接引语时 须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序 The teacher said to Li Ming Have you finished your homework The teacher asked Li Ming whether he had finished his homework What do you do every Sunday morning my friend said to me My friend asked me what I did every Sunday morning 注意 直接引语里是 What s wrong with What s the matter What s the trouble What has happened 等特殊疑问句时 间接引语的语序不变 He said to her What s the matter with you He asked her what was the matter with her 他问她怎么了 5 其它变化其它变化 指示代 时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见下表 直接引语间接引语 指示代词this thesethat those nowthen todaythat day tonightthat night this week month that week month He said I met Mr Smith this morning He said that he had met Mr Smith that morning He said We went to the cinema yesterday He said they had gone to the cinema the day before Lily said I will come back next month Lily said that she would go back the next month He said It is nine o clock now He said that it was nine o clock then He said I haven t seen her today He said that he hadn t seen her that day She said I went there yesterday She said that she had gone there the day before She said I ll go there tomorrow She said that she would go there the next day He said My sister was here three days ago He said that his sister had been there three days before here there ago before She said I will come here this evening She said that she would go there that evening come go here there this that 以上这些变化 要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定 不可机械照搬 如果 就在当地转述 here 就不必改为 there come 也不必改为 go 如果就在当天转述 yesterday 或 tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变 直接引语中的一般过去时如与一个具体 的过去时间状语连用 间接引语的一般过去时时态不变 Father said I am free this afternoon Father said that he was free this afternoon He said I am going there tomorrow He said that he was going there tomorrow 巧记 当直接引语为陈述句 主句为过去时 变成间接引语的 顺口溜 是 yesterdaythe day before last week month the week month before two weeke month agotwo weeks months before tomorrowthe next day next week month the next week month herethere 地点状语 comego 动词bringtake 去掉引号加 that 人称变化要灵活 时态向后退一步 状语变化按规定 She said My brother doesn d want to go there She said that her brother didn t want to come here 三 专项练习三 专项练习 一 将下列直接引语变为间接引语 1 He said I ve left my book in my room 2 The teacher said The earth goes round the sun 3 The boy asked How can I get there 4 She said to Tom Can you help me 5 My father said Keep quiet son 6 The teacher said to the students Don t waste your time 7 The boy said to us I usually get up at six every day 8 He said to me I was born in 1978 9 Light travels faster than sound the teacher said to the students 10 She said He will be busy 11 He said We are still students 12 Where does your chemistry teacher live Karen the young man asked 13 She said to us I ll come here tomorrow 14 She asked Is this book yours or his 15 The mother said Tom get up early please 17 Will you go to the concert with me this evening Mary asked me 19 I said to him I have finished it 二 将所给直接引语变为间接引语 每空一词 1 I never eat meat he said He said that never meat 2 The teacher said The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west The teacher said that the sun in the east and down in the west 3 You must come here before five he said He said that I to go before five 4 I bought the house 10 years ago he said He said that he bought the house 10 years 8 9 He said You can sit here Jim He Jim that he sit there 10 Are you interested in this he said He I was interested in 11 Where have you been these days he asked He asked me been days 12 Do you know where she lives he asked He asked knew where she 13 Stop making so much noise children he said He the children making so much noise 14 Don t tell him the news she said She told me him the news 三 将所给直接引语变为间接引语 每空一词 1 I am having supper he said He said that having supper 2 I ve seen the film Gina said to me Gina me that she the film 3 I went home with my sister she said She said that home with her sister 4 The teac