英语语法填空固定规律.doc

英语语法填空固定规律语法填空又称为开放式语篇填空，这一题型的测试是根据德国心理学家的格式塔心理学原理和英语语言学家布朗的语篇分析理论等，从语法的句子结构与语法形式、词汇的本义和转义以及前后缀的变化、语境语篇的线索以及标志词等方面测试学生的整体语篇能力。1语篇型语法填空备考思路大致有如下特点：一、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词;二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀);三、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词;四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。有提示词：考查 谓语动词 非谓语动词 形容词 副词无提示词：考查 冠词 介词 连词 代词形容词顺序的：美小圆旧黄，法国木书房。2纯空格试题的解题技巧语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以先进行填写。在读懂短文的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，逐题解答。下面按题型设计分三种情况：一、纯空格试题的解题技巧纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词。首先，分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词;或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。共有以下7个技巧：技巧1：在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等)，很可能是填限定词。技巧3：名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面，一定是填介词。技巧4: 若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。技巧5：若两个句子(即两个主谓结构)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词(连接并列的句子)或从属连词(连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句)。技巧6: 由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1)由it isthat强调结构的形式，判断it 还是that。判断方法：去掉it isthat结构，句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。(2)由it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格是否填it.(3)在倒装句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, notuntil等词。(4)so/suchthat句型(5)morethan(与其说不如说，比更)句型。二、给出了动词的试题解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考。技巧7：若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。技巧8: 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v-ing形式，-ed形式，还是不定式，确定的方法主要有：(1)作主语或宾语，通常用v-ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。(2)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。(3)作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词(v-ing);若是被动关系，用过去分词技巧9: 动词的词类转换主要做主语、宾语和定语。三、词类转换题的解题技巧这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用那种形式，具体技巧有以下三种。技巧10:作表语(在系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或宾补(表性质状态)，通常用形容词形式。技巧11:修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。技巧12:有的词义转换题，词类或词性不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-, in-等，在词根后加-less等。技巧13:括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。英语语法练习题1In the United States, there were 222 people 1._(report)to be billionaires(亿万富翁)in 2003. The 2._of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money 3._starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old 4._he first helped to set up the company in 1976. He was a billionaire 5. _the time he was 6._, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even 7._(young)ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. 8._of these child actors made over a million dollars 9._(act)in movies before they were 14. But 10. _ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited (继承)a billion dollars when he turned 18!参考答案(1)1. reported 2. richest/wealthiest 3. by 4. when 5. by6. However 7. younger 8. Both 9. acting 10. the英语语法练习题2训练题1According to the Hong Kong-based newspaper Ta Kung Pao, Jackie Chan 11 participated in the promotion of many famous brands of clothing, shoes and food in recent years. Several days ago, he showed the public a 12 (limit) edition four-wheel drive car, 13 is especially made 14 his personal taste.At the press conference in Singapore a few days ago, Jackie said that he 15 have cooperated with Parjero, but the plan was suspended (暂缓)because of the sudden death of the car 16 (design). Later he decided to work with his old partner Ralliart, one of the brands of Mitsubishi, and finally rolled out (正式推出) this limited edition car with a storage capacity of 3,500 cubic centimeters of oil. Only 50 such cars will be available in the world.As a car fan, Jackie has participated in 17 car design himself. The car, 18 (decorate) with the symbols of “dragon”, is said to be comfortable and powerful. Jackie said that making this car was 19 (fulfill) his dream, not to make money. The price of the car has not been announced yet due to 20 status of the limited edition and different taxation systems all over the world.训练题2Table manners vary from culture to culture. What is acceptable in one country 11 be considered extremely rude in another . Here we will tell you about the traditional table manners 12 the modern table manners in Korea . 13 ( tradition ), it was the womans job to cook food and 14 ( set ) the table . The woman would sit 15 her husband to make sure that he had everything he needed for a pleasant meal . Only 16 the husband finished , would the woman and her children eat . Nowadays, table manners have changed a lot. 17 of the family members eat together at the same time . It is common to see everyone help with the meal, 18 ( include ) the husband. One tradition , however, has not changed . It is that the oldest person starts the meal. 19 ( stay ) until the oldest person is finished is considered to be 20 basic tradition of Korean table manners .答案：训练题 111. has 12. limited 13. which 14. to 15. should16. designer 17. the 18. decorated 19. to fulfill 20. its训练题211. may 12. and 13. traditionally 14. set 15. by beside16. after 17. All 18. including 19. Staying 20. a英语语法练习题3In the past few years, quite a number of men and women have chosen to do something less competitive. They are afraid that the stress and strains of work will rob them _11_ _ joy and happiness and _12 _ them harm both physically and mentally.In fact, however, stress isnt the bad thing _13_ it is often supposed to be. Above all, _14_ it gets out of control, a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and challenge, and to give purpose and significance to _15_, otherwise meaningless, idle life. _16_, people under stress tend to express their full range of potential and to actualize their own _17_(person) worththe very aim of a human life.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and _18 _ is no way to avoid it. What we can do is _19_(develop) our adaptive abilities to deal with it rather than to escape _20_ it.答案：11. of 12. do 13 that 14. unless 15. an16. Moreover/ Furthermore 17. personal 18. there 19. to develop 20. from英语语法练习题4On keeping a Diary in EnglishKeeping a diary in English is one of the 11._ (effect) ways to improve our English writing ability.12._ (compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes 13._ time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. 14._ we persist in this practice, gradually well learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many 15._. In the first place, 16._ often happens that we have trouble finding appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. 17._ it is extremely hard f