（十二）句子的类型Ⅱ 复合句

十二 句子的类型 十二 句子的类型 复合句复合句 01 命题趋势 考标导向化 近几年对复合句的考查主要包括宾语从句 包括直接引语与 间接引语的互换 状语从句和定语从句 预计 2015 年对宾语从 句的考查仍然会是宾语从句的语序和时态 状语从句中连词的 选择和时态 对定语从句的考查重点是关系代词的选用 02 定义 概念清晰化 1 宾语从句指在复合句中充当宾语的从句 常常位于及物动 词或介词之后 作宾语 宾语从句的引导词是由宾语从句的句 子类型决定的 常考的引导词有 that if whether what which when where how why 等 宾语从句中的时态由主句中谓语动词 的时态来决定 2 直接引语指的是直接引用别人的原话 两边用引号标出 间接引语是指用自己的语言转述别人的话 直接引语变间接引 语时在句型 人称 时态 语序 指示代词 时间状语 地点 状语等方面都要进行变化 3 在复合句中修饰主句中的动词 形容词或副词等的句子叫 状语从句 在句中起到状语的作用 常考的状语从句有时间状 语从句 由 when while before not until 等引导 条件状语从句 由 if unless as long as 等引导 原因状语从句 由 because since 等 引导 结果状语从句 由 so that so that 等引导 目的状语从 句 由 in order that 等引导 让步状语从句 由 though although 等 引导 4 定语从句是指在句中作定语 用来修饰名词 名词性词组 或代词的句子 被定语从句修饰的名词 名词性词组或代词叫 做先行词 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词 定语从句常用的关系代词有 who whose that which 关系副词有 when where why 等 03 知识归类 知识网络化 宾语从句与直接引语和间接引语宾语从句与直接引语和间接引语 分类图解分类图解 用法例句 当宾语从句或间接引语是由陈 述句转换而来时 用 that 来引 导从句或间接引语 其中的 that 无具体意义 一般可以省 略 He tells me that he is going shopping this Sunday He said that the bank was near the hotel 当宾语从句或间接引语是由一 般疑问句转换而来时 用 if 或 whether 来引导从句或间接 She asked me if whether she could join us He wondered if whether the 引语 意思是 是否 从句或 间接引语用陈述语序 workers had finished the work 当宾语从句或间接引语是由特 殊疑问句转换而来时 特殊疑 问词就是宾语从句或间接引语 的引导词 从句或间接引语用 陈述语序 Do you know who broke the door She asked me whose pen that was 特例清单特例清单 1 当宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来时 引导词用 if 或 whether 如果从句中有 or not 或从句充当介词的宾语时 只能 用 whether 如 I don t know whether he will come or not 我不知道他是否会 来 She is worried about whether it is true 她正担心着这件事是否 是真的 2 宾语从句中 主句为一般现在时 则从句可以根据实际需 要用各种相应的时态 主句为一般过去时 则从句必须用过去 的某种时态 如 I remember he gave me a book yesterday 我记得他昨天给了我 一本书 He told me that he would take part in the high jump 他告诉我他 将会参加跳高比赛 3 宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同 且主句的谓语动词是 know remember forget learn 等词时 从句可简化为 疑问词 不 定式 结构 如 She doesn t know what she should do next She doesn t know what to do next 她不知道下一步该做什么 4 直接引语是祈使句 间接引语应改为 tell ask order 等 sb not to do sth 句型 如 Don t make any noise she said to the children She told the children not to make any noise 不要制造任何 噪音 她对孩子们说 5 在宾语从句或间接引语中如果叙述的是客观真理 客观事 实等 不管主句是什么时态 从句都用一般现在时 如 He said that light travels much faster than sound 他说光比声音 的传播速度要快得多 6 直接引语变为间接引语时 指示代词 时间状语 地点状 语和某些具有方向性的动词要作相应的变化 具体见下表 题组训练题组训练 1 2014 金华 Jimmy the 2014 FIFA World Cup is coming Do you know the first match will be on On June 13th A how B where C why D when 2 2014 安徽 It s so late Why not write the report tomorrow But I don t know I can do it if not now A why B when C how D where 3 2014 昆明 Excuse me could you please tell me Yes there is a history museum A how often do you go to the history museum B are there any good museums in Kunming C how long it takes to get to the history museum D if there are any good museums in Kunming 4 2014 镇江 Granny the school trip was very exciting but a little tiring Oh could you tell me A how did you go to the park B what you did in the trip C that you saw something beautiful D if your friends had played with you 5 2014 十堰 Could you please tell me Of course Many people in Shiyan know it A where is Mount Wudang B how can I get to Wulong River C what is Shennongjia famous for D if there will be a new airport in Shiyan 状语从句状语从句 分类图解分类图解 分类连接词例句 时间状 语从句 when while as before after since until as soon as She was cooking when someone knocked at the door He often went to the concert while he stayed in Berlin I didn t go to bed until she came back 条件状 语从句 if as long as unlessI ll go to see you if I have time They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday 原因状 语从句 because since as forHe didn t catch the first bus because he got up too late We should study hard since we are students 目的状 语从句 so that in order thatPlease say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it 结果状 语从句 so that so that such that It s so hot that we want to go swimming It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away 让步状 语从句 though although ev en if Although it s raining hard they are still working hard in the field 比较状 语从句 than as as not as so as He ran as fast as Mike 题组训练题组训练 6 2014 重庆 I d like to have a try I may fail A since B though C until D after 7 2014 杭州 In summer milk will quickly go bad it is put into a fridge A though B unless C because D once 8 2014 德州 Are you going out Mike It s really late now It s the last day to buy tickets to the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil I must go now A if B or C so D though 9 2014 济宁 Laura opened the door and rushed into the rain I could stop her A until B after C before D unless 10 2014 广州 Mum says I do my homework now I can watch TV for an hour tonight A if B though C because D while 定语从句定语从句 分类图解分类图解 分类引导词例句 关系 代词 who whom which that whose The man who is working there is my brother This is the book that which I bought yesterday The room whose window is open is mine 关系 副词 when where why I still remember the day when you left for Beijing This is the school where my mother works 特例清单特例清单 定语从句中引导词只能用 that 的情况 1 当先行词为 anything everything nothing 等不定代词时 只能使用 that 如 Is there anything that I can do for you 我能为你做点什么吗 2 当先行词为 all any much many 等词时 只能使用 that 如 Tom told her mother all that had happened 汤姆把事情的全部 情况告诉了他的妈妈 3 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 只能使用 that 如 This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had 这是我度过的最 美好的时光 4 当先行词被序数词修饰时 只能使用 that 如 He was the first person that passed the exam 他是第一个通过考 试的人 5 当先行词被 the only the very the same the last 修饰时 只能使用 that 如 This will be the last chance that he can get 这将会是他可以得到 的最后一次机会 He is the only person that can help you out 他是唯一能帮你的 人 6 先行词里同时含有人或物时 只能使用 that 如 They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school 他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人 7 当主句是以 who which 开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是 who 时 只能使用 that 如 Which is the book that he borrowed from the library yesterday 哪本书是他昨天从图书馆借的 题组训练题组训练 11 2014 随州 What are you looking for I m looking for the book you lent me yesterday A what B who C when D 不填 12 2014 河南 Underground is the only word in the English language begins and ends with the letters und A what B that C who D whom 13 2014 黄石 First Lady Peng Liyuan was watering the flowers were named Cathy with Dutch Queen Maxima A what B which C who D whose 14 2014 东营 When some Chinese women were dancing to loud music in a park in New York the people lived nearby called the police A who B whom C whose D which 15 2014 黄冈 In a text message 88 means Bye bye And another example is F2F stands for face to face A that B who C whom D it 04 整合集训 反馈层级化 1 Do you know if our team the match tonight It is hard to say I will tell you the result if our team A wins wins B will win will win C wins will win D will win wins 2 I believe Chinese astronauts will be able to land on the moon one day I agree with you But I m not sure we can live on it A that if B that that C if that D if if 3 Are you sure Li Ming has flown to London Yes I saw him off at the airport just now A that B if C whether D when 4 I m worried about I can pass the English exam Don t worry I m sure you will pass it A if that B whether that C that if D that whether 5 Doctor could you tell me Oh nothing serious He just has a cold He will be fine soon A that there was anything wrong with my son B if there was anything wrong with my son C that there is anything with my son D if there is anything wrong with my son 6 Have you decided you ll go to Hainan Not yet Maybe by plane A when B how C where D whether 7 What did Jack ask you about just now He asked me how long when I reached the cinema A had the film been on B the film had started C the film had been on D had the film ended 8 Could you tell me An engineer He works in a computer company A who your father is B where your father was C what is your father D what your father is 9 Hello everyone Can I join you Sure we are talking about A when shall we go to the cinema B how can we get there C who should we go with D how we can organize the farewell party well 10 I hear that a famous doctor will come to our company Do you know A when will he give a talk B when he will arrive C what will he talk about D how will he come 11 Could you tell us how long About three days A does the sports meeting last B the sports meeting will last C did the sports meeting last D will the sports meeting last 12 Alen wanted to know after it got out of the UFO A what is the alien doing B what the alien would do C where would the alien go D where the alien is going 13 Did you ask the guard happened Yes he told me all he knew A what that B what what C which which D that that 14 I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together A when which B which when C what that D on which when 15 The letter is from my sister is working in Beijing A which B whenC whom D who 16 He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school A which B that C whom D what 17 The factory we ll visit next week is not far from here A where B to which C which D in which 18 This is one of the best films A that have been shown this year B that have shown C that has been shown this year D that