ICAO英语考试总结

准备 ICAO 英语考试时总结了不少 在此把总结的内容上传分享一下 手打难免错漏 请见谅 我只是一名刚毕业的飞行学员 关于专业知识理解不到位之处还请帮忙纠正 考的是语言能力 不需要很专业 因为考官本身也不是专业的飞行员 只要有一些关于飞行的普 遍认知就好 有一定的专业知识就好 做最充足的准备 应对考试应该是得心应手的 考试的听力比较清晰 而且比平时自己训练的听 力简单 语速较慢 并且没有 BACKGROUND WHISTLE 这个是英语学习 所以多听多说才是硬道理 就应试而言 多听录音 多听陆空通话 就提高语 言能力而言 多看美剧 多模仿 多听英文歌 多开口说 纠正发音 语气 断句等 前三部分只有自己练习 第四部分可以外力帮助提高更快 只是本人一些愚见 不足为据啊 祝逢考必过 下面的大多都是针对第四部分 OPI oral proficiency interview OPI 包含5个部分 1 warm up 2 level check 3 probe 4 picture describe 5 wrap up 一 一 vocabulary 最后附有各个系统专业词汇 对于一些比较常见专业单词词组的归纳 三个应答机特殊编码 编码自己查 不便说 从小到大分别是 hijack radio failure distress conditions PAN PAN 和 MAYDAY 的区别 PANPAN need assistance timely urgency situation MAYDAY need assistance immediately distress situation 乘务员 flight cabin attendant 驾驶舱职权梯度 cockpit authority gradient 机库 hangar 接通 断开自驾 engage disengage AP 地形 terrain 人因 human factors 活物 牲畜 livestock 绕飞 detour 界面 交界处 interface 修改 modify amend 试车 engine runup 烂泥 slush 减速 妨碍 retard 积累 accumulation 湿度 humidity 降雨量 precipitation 气喘 asthma 腹泻 diarrhea 调度 签派 dispatch 信号员 marshaller 开往 驶往 Bound for 放油 fuel dump jettison 预期 anticipate 污染 contaminate 外形 configuration 致命的 fatal 分院 branch flight college 炸药 dynamite 手榴弹 grenade 恢复 revert Human error chain people makes mistake and accident happens one mistake leads to another to another to another which leads to an accident IRS inertial reference system 惯性基准系统 干预 interfere 配件 附件 accessory 气动的 pneumatic 有形的 具体的 concrete 临界的 marginal 连续 touch and go 起落 Traffic circuit 补充 replenish 全停 full stop 物质 物品 substance 拉紧 绷紧 strain 踝关节 ankle 肘部 elbow 对正跑道 align the runway POB people onboard 改装训练 transition training 劫机犯 hijacker 陆空对话 radiotelephony communication 前轮转弯机构 nose wheel steering 执行 execute 疏散 evacuation 机长的四条杠的含义 1 flying skill 2 knowledge 3 profession 4 responsibility 提供饮食及服务 cater 主要在地面装载时会用到 RNP required navigation performance 所需导航性能 RDH threshold height 跑道入口高度 二 二 几个主要系统组成及功用 1 LANDING GEAR SYSTEM 很多图是关于重着陆 事故以及事故症候的 事故大多数的情况都包含有起落架的一些情况 damaged unable to extend tires blow out smoke from main gear 等情况 所以遇到这一类型的图就可 以引申出对于 LANDING GEAR SYSTEM 的问题来考验对系统的认知 Tricycle gear arrangement 前三点 shock strut 减震支柱 bumper 减震器 Manual extension handles 人工放下起落架手柄 Nose wheel arrangement advantages 1 it allows more forceful application of brakes for higher landing speed without nosing over 2 it permits better visibility for the pilots during landing and taxing 3 it tends to prevent aircraft from ground looping by moving the C G forward of the main gear Landing gear safety devises 1 Mechanical downlock to prevent accidental operation of the mechanical downlocks electrically operated safety switches are installed 2 Safety switches The torque links spread apart or move together as the shock strut piston extends or retracts in its cylinder 3 Ground lock one common type of a pin installed in aligned holes drilled in 2 or more units of the landing gear support structure 2 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM 第四部分里面有一张图是关于 hydraulic system 的 建议这个系统多熟悉一下 Units commonly operated by hydraulic system Landing gears wing flaps slats speed and wheel brakes nose wheel steering Primary flight surfaces hydraulic system components an engine driven pump a filter a reservoir a pressure regulator an accumulator a pressure gauge a relief valve an emergency pump two check valves a selector valve an actuating cylinder operation the engine driven pump which is directly coupled to the engine will operate when the engine is running The pump draws fluid from reservoir and expels to the system through the filter and a check valve and the pressure can be built up the pressure regulator unloads or relieves the engine driven pump when the desired pressure in the system achieved thus it s often referred to as an unloading valve In the event of malfunction of pressure regulator the relief valve will release any pressure above that maintained by the regulator 3 AIR CONDITIONING AND PRESSSURIZATION SYSTEM The cabin air conditioning and pressurization system supplies conditioned air for heating and cooling the cockpit and cabin spaces This air also provides pressurization to maintain a safe and comfortable cabin environment Some of the air conditioning systems installed in modern aircraft utilize air turbine refrigerating units to supply cooled air These are called air cycle system Function of air conditioning system To maintain a comfortable temperature within the fuselage In a typical system the temperature is measured and compared to the desired setting of the temperature controls 1 supply ventilation air 2 supply heated air 3 supply cooled air Function of cabin pressure control system To provide cabin pressure regulation pressure relief vacuum relief and the means of selecting the desired cabin altitude 4 WINGTIP DEVICES improve the efficiency of fixed wing aircraft intended effect id always to reduce the drag by altering the airflow near the wingtips 5 APU AUXILIARY POWER UNIT Function to provide power to start the main engines Turbine engines must be accelerated to a high rotational speed in order to provide sufficient air compression for self sustaining operation Before engines are to be turned the APU is started generally by a battery or hydraulic accumulator Once the APU is running it provides power electric pneumatic or hydraulic depending on the design to start the aircraft s main engines APUs fitted to ETOPS Extended range Twin engine Operations aircraft are a critical safety device as they supply backup electricity and compressed air in place of the dead engine or failed main engine generator 三 三 特勤处置 先说一下 CRM COCKPIT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CRM 包括4部分 1 establish good communication with crew members so that we can prevent and correct any mistakes 2 take full advantage of the facilities onboard and the ground navaids 3 operate the aircraft strictly according to the manual and SOPs 4 comply with the aviation regulations 关于 EMERGENCY 处置 stay calm maintain the right configuration and attitude the crew members should accomplish each other s own duty find the cause and do the right checklist follow standard procedures report to ATC your location situation onboard and intention Request landing priority if possible 这里只是提供一个大致框架 具体特勤具体分析 如 ENGINE FAILURE BOMB ONBOARD GEAR JAM 等 具体的细节就只有自己去丰满 关于 SICK PASSENGER ONBOARD 的处置 have the cabin attendant to take first aid inform the passengers to find if there s doctor onboard so that we can ask for help inform the ATC request landing priority or divert to the nearest suitable airport and request ambulance and doctors ready at landing 我在考试的时候遇到关于 SUFFER FROM HEART ATTACK 的乘客 四 口试四 口试 OPI 的前三部分只会涉及很少的专业问题 所以这三部分可以一起来看和准备 说的直白一点 这几部分 就是和考官扯淡 但是扯淡要注意尺度 不要使劲扯 扯淡变成扯蛋会有一点痛的 这里部分会过渡到一 些飞行相关的问题 分院 飞行经历 所飞机型 小时数 所遇特勤 职业特性 基本可以概括为一次完 整的飞行过程 建议考前写一篇关于自己飞行的文章 涵盖以上一些信息 到时候遇到可以触类旁通 把 你准备的说出来 同时也是做一个引导 引导考官就你的信息中挖掘问题 这样会比较占主动性 E G That choosing to be a pilot as my career makes me proud and makes my family proud This is a noble job Come on think about it Because of our works a boy can meet his bonny lass a father back from business trip can give his daughter a warm hug businessmen can sign their contracts in time and packages are delivered to your door on time All these give me a feeling of success a feeling of happiness And besides this is a job with good salary and comparatively high social status I used to consider that it s easy to be a pilot You know just like the unprofessional people thinks pilots engage the AP after takeoff then planned route planned level planned everything All the pilots need to do is disengaging the AP when the aircraft comes to the short final and make a perfect landing taxi to the right gate That s all It looks easy and seems that everybody can do that But I ve changed my mind after all the things I ve been through in the GUANGHAN flight college where I actually learnt how to control and manage an aircraft and how to be a professional pilot There s a long way to go and that takes time The very first rule I learn is to be patient always And there is a 13 hours checkride which is set to check whether the student is skillful or talented enough to be a pilot This is a cruel check for the students and some are doomed to fail I sweated my shirt and the headphone that day in the cockpit But lucky me I passed This is the most precious treasure in my life that I wish I would never experience again 附加 各个系统词汇 Air Conditioning System PACK 空调主件 HOT BLEED AIR 热引气 OUTLET DUCT 外流管 BYPASS VALVE 旁通活门 RAM AIR 冲 压空气 INLET SCOOP 进气口 TRIM AIR VALVE 调节空气 EXTRACTOR FAN 排气风扇 GUARDED FLAP 有保护盖的导片 BLOWER 鼓风机 EXTRCTOR 排风扇 OVERBOARD 机外 ONBOARD 机上 OPEN CIRCUIT 开路 CLOSED CIRCUIT 闭路 CONFIGURATION 形态 PASSENGER LOAD 乘客载荷 DOWNSTREAM 下游 STANDING WATER 积水 ATLN ALTERNATE 备份 C HANNEL 通道 PNEUMATIC 气源 DUAL 双的 SWITCH OVER 交换 PRE COOLER 预冷机 COOLANT 冷却剂 AMBER 琥珀色 VENTILATION 通风 CIRCUIT BREAKER 跳开关 PRESSURIZATION 增压 FLAPPER VALVES 瓣状活门 PROFILE 剖面 TOGGLE 扳钮开关 VACUUM 真空 ISAO BARIC 等压 BAROMETRIC 气压 PRESSURE DIFFERENTIALS 压差 ANEROID SWITCH 膜盒气压 STBY STANDBY 备份 DC DIRECT CURRENCY 直流电 DITCH 水上迫降 SUPERCHARGER 增压器 INADVERTENT 偶然的 LEAKAGE 漏 渗 APRON 停机坪 CEILING 顶板 ACCESSORY 副 件 THROTTLE LEVER 油门杆 CRUISE 巡航 NEGATIVE RELIEF VALVE 负压释放活门 POSITIVE PRESSURE 正压 AIRPORT ELEVATION 机场标高 AUTOPILOT 自动驾驶 MOMENTUM 动量 MIMICKING 模仿 GLARE SHIELD 遮光板 Performance ACTUATORS 制动器 SURVEILLANCE 监视 QUADRANT 油门操纵杆 FLEX FLEXIBLE 灵活的 MCT MAXIMUM CONTINUE THRUST 最大连续推力 ELEVATORS 升降舵 AILERON 副翼 NAVAID 助航 SID STANDARD INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE 标准仪表离场 STAR STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL ROUTE 标准进场程序 MISSED APPROACH GO AROUND 复飞 DYNAMIC 动力的 AUGMENTATION 增加 增益 FLIGHT ENVELOPE 飞行包线 CDU CONTOL DISPLAY UNIT 控制显示组件 FMA FLIGHT MODE ANNUNCIATOR 飞行方式显示器 ADIRS AIR DATA AND INERTIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM 大气数据及惯性基准系统 MCP MODE CONTROL PANEL 方式控制面板 GPS GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM 全球定位系统 FLARE 平飘 TOUCHDOWN 接地点 FLY BY WIRE 电传操纵 ACELEROMETER 加速器 ALIGNMENT 对准 校准 SERVOMOTOR 伺服马达 GYROSCOPE 陀螺 THRUST REDUCTION ALT 减推力高度 REVERSE 反推 ARM 预位 FPA FLIGHT PATH ANGLE 飞行航径角 LOCALIZER 航向 道 IDLE 慢车 DETENT 卡位 FPV FLIGHT PATH VECTOR 飞行航径矢量 CRM COCKPIT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 驾驶舱资源管理 PF PILOT FLIGHT 把杆飞行员 PFD PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY 主飞行显示 PULLEY 滑轮 ROLL 滑跑 SCROLL 翻动 卷起 SLEW 上下选页 VELOCITY 速度 DATA BASE LOADER 数据库装载机 ALPHA NUMERIC KEY BOARD 字母 数字键盘 DYNAMIC AND BACKGROUD DATA 动态和背景数据 TROPOPAUSE 对流层顶 ALIGNMENT 校准 EFOB ESTIMATED FUEL ON BOARD 预计机上燃油 ETA ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVING 预计到达时间 ADC AIR DATA COMPUTER 大气数据计算机 CRT CATHODE RAY TUBE 阴极射线管 LSK LINE SELECT KEY 行选键 TERMINAL AREA 终端区域 COORDINATE 经纬度 RNVA AREA NAVIGATION 区域导航 EN ROUTE 在航 路上 CFDS CENTRALIZED FAULT DISPLAY SYSTEM 集中显示系统 VIBRATIONS 振动 IMPULSES 脉冲 CURVATURE 弯曲 曲度 TRANSCEIVER 无线电收发机 INTERPHONE 内话机 EVACUATION 疏散 KNOB 旋钮 BUZZER 蜂鸣声 FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM REJECTED T O 中断起飞 CONVENTIONAL 通用的 WHEEL 驾驶盘 COLUMN 驾驶杆 PEDAL 脚蹬 SURFACE 舵面 RUDDER 方向舵 SPEED BRAKE 减速板 FLAP 襟翼 STAB TRIM 调整片 OVERRIDE SWITCH 超控电门 AW DAMPER 偏航阻尼器 CENTERING MECHANISM 定中机械 SWEEP BACK 后掠 SPOILER 扰流板 JAM 卡阻 ROLL 滚转 横滚 PITCH 俯仰 STABILIZER 安定面 YAW 偏航 YAW DAMPER RATE GYRO 偏航率陀螺仪 LONGITUDINAL AXIS 纵轴 VERTICAL AXIS 垂轴 LATERAL AXIS 横轴 ACTUATING CYLINDER 作动筒 AIRFOIL 翼部面 SECONDARY FLIGHT CONTROL 辅助飞行操纵 HIGH LIFT DEVICE 增升装置 TRAILING EDGE TE 后缘 LEADING EDGE LE 前缘 POWER TRANSFER UNIT PTU 动力传输装置 STALL 失速 MANEUVER 机动飞行 INBOARD 内侧 OURBOARD 外侧 SLOTTED 开缝的 THREE SLOTTED FLAP 三开缝襟翼 DRAG 阻力 COMPARATOR 比较仪 ROLL RATE 滚转率 MIXER 混合器 DEFLECTION 偏转 AERODYNAMIC MEAN CHORD 平均空气动力弦 TORQUE 扭力 JACK 千斤顶 FIRE PROTECTION OVERHEAT 超温 FIRE DETECTION 探火 FIRE DETECTION LOOP 探火环 FIRE ALERT 火警戒 FAULT MONITORING CIRCUIT 失效监控电路 WARNING BELL 火警铃 GROUND PROXIMITY 近地 ENGINE INDICATING AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM EICAS 发动机指示和机组警戒系统 ENGINE NACELLE 发动机舱 CARGO COMPARTMENT 货舱 MALFUNCTION 失效 SMOKE DETECTION 烟雾探测 LOCK DOWN 下锁 SHUTDOWN 关车 UNLOCK 开锁 TRIP 跳开关 THRUST REVERSER 反推 CARBON DIOXIDE CO2 二氧化碳 TOXICITY 毒性 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM GENERATE 发电 DISTRIBUTE 配电 ESSENTIAL POWER 重要设备电源 VOLTAGE 电压 PHASE 相 BUS 汇流条 TRANS ER RECTIFIER UNIT TRU 变压整流器 LIGHTING CIRCUIT 照明电路 EMERGENCY POWER 应急电源 STANDBY POWER 备用电源 ONBOARD 机载 STATIC INVERTER 静变流机 BATTERY 电瓶 FREQUENCY 电频 RAM AIR DRIVER GENERATOR 冲压空气驱动发电机 ENGINE DRIVEN GENERATOR 发动机驱动的发电机 BATTERY CHARGER 电瓶充电器 LOAD 载荷 电荷 TRIP OFF 跳开 CHARGE 充电 SERVICE BUS 勤务汇流条 SPLIT BUS 分裂汇流条 BUS TIE BREAKER BTB 汇流条连接断路器 GENERATOR CONTROL UNIT GCU 发动机控制组件 MONITOR 监控 DIVISION 分配 FUEL INNER FUEL TANK 内侧燃油箱 INTEGRAL TANK 整体油箱 WING FUSELAGE STRUCTURE 机翼 机身结构 WING TIP 翼尖 FUEL NOZZLE 燃油喷嘴 VENT SURGE TANK 通风 防震动 油箱 SPILLAGE 溢出 DIVERT 转向 GROSS WEIGHT GW 全重 E WD ENGINE AND WARNING DISPLAY 发动机警告指示 CROSS FEED VALVE 交输供油活门 CONDENSATION OF MOISTURE 水气凝结 SURGE TANK 通风油箱 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM RESERVOIR 液压油箱 水库 FILTER 滤器 滤纸 ACCUMULATOR 储压器 储蓄器 EXPEL 排出 赶出 PISTON 活塞 CHARGE 释放 放出 WHEEL BRAKE 机轮刹 车装置 NOSE WHEEL STEERING 前轮转向操纵 PRIMARY FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACE 主飞行操纵面 PRESSURE REGULATOR 调压器 EMERGENCY PUMP 应急泵 CHECK VALVE 单向活门 SELECTOR VALVE 选择活门 ACTUATING VALVE 卸荷活门 PREDETERMINED VALVE 预定值 BALL VALVE 球形活门 RETURN LINE 回油管路 SPRAY 喷 向 喷射 PERFORATE 穿孔于 HERMAL ANTI ICING SYSTEM 热防冰系统 WINDSHIELD 风挡 ENGINE COWL 发动机整流罩 STATIC PORT 静压口 BIRD STRIKE 鸟击 AOA THE ANGLE OF ATTTACK 迎角 TAT TOTAL AIR TEMPERATURE 全温 SAT STATIC AIR TEMPERATURE 静温 EIS 电子仪表系统 电子仪表系统 ATTENTION GATTER 提醒灯 CHRONOGRAPH 记时器 E