研究生-国际交流英语-视听说-3--听力原文

Unit 1 Gender and Society Analytical listening Listening 1 A Lecture A first because the Tsingy is a national park but more importantly because it s almost impossible for people to go there The name of the park means place where one cannot walk barefoot and in fact you need more than a good pair of shoes to enter the Tsingy The stone peaks at the top are almost as sharp as knives Down below in the deep canyons there are caves and water to deal with This is no place for the casual tourist On the other hand this dramatic landscape is an advantage for the plants and animals that live in the Tsingy Here white lemurs can easily jump from peak to peak looking for trees in the canyons below and eating leaves Insects lizards and frogs live here too and all of them are free from the effects of human beings Lara You re back already Doreen Yeah It s raining Narrator In other ways however the lack of people visiting the Tsingy is a problem Tourism was once a very important part of Madagascar s economy but political violence and other problems now keep many tourists away and in the Tsingy the rock formations are simply too difficult for most tourists to reach Without tourists there is a lack of money coming into the region That means little money for research so scientists aren t sure how climate change for example is affecting the Tsingy There is still much to learn about this fascinating place Listening 2 An Information Conversation A otherwise the fear response doesn t occur Radio Host That is very interesting Fear seems like such a basic response It wouldn t have occurred to me that we would need to learn it from anyone And is it the same for people as for monkeys Guest It seems to be yes but that s exactly the question that my research is hoping to answer Radio Host Then I wish you luck with your research Ladies and gentlemen Dr Eugene Bateman Guest Thank you Thanks very much Nancy Listening 2 An Information Conversation A B Leo So did you enjoy the party Reba I did It was really nice to meet all of the people you work with They re a big part of your life after all Leo Yeah sometimes too big a part maybe Reba Oh come on They seem like pretty nice people especially Gloria She said hi to me right away I thought she was really charming I loved the story she told us about her car accident That was pretty funny Leo Right she can make anything seem funny I guess all of my co workers have their positive attributes Reba Like your manager When you got a little bit upset about the food arriving late he made sure everyone knew it wasn t Gloria s fault I mean she may have chosen the caterer but they brought the food late not her Leo Yeah that s true He s always doing things like that He s a really nice guy He s pretty extroverted so he likes to talk to everyone And if somebody is feeling awkward he says something to make them feel comfortable He s got great social skills which I guess is part of the reason why he s such a good manager Reba That is an important quality in a manager But what about Toby I tried to talk to him at one point but he he just walked away It seemed like he was avoiding any kind of interaction Is he just really shy or something Leo Yeah Toby is really introverted and I think he experiences a lot of anxiety when he s around a lot of people especially new people He s really a nice guy though and a good co worker and he s fine with smaller groups of people like when we go out for lunch together He s fine then Reba I see All in all it was a good party I had fun Leo Good I m glad I had fun too And now that you ve met the people I work with maybe we can do things with them sometimes Reba Yeah should we invite some of them over for dinner some time Leo Well that might be too much But I d enjoy meeting them at a restaurant for dinner or going to a soccer game together or something like that Reba So you don t want them coming to our house Leo You got it I d rather keep at least a little distance between my work life and my personal life Viewing the World Sigmund Freud On May 6th 1856 Sigmund Freud was born in what is today the Czech Republic And 150 years later the man known as the founding father of psychotherapy is still generating controversy It s the city of Vienna where the family moved when Sigmund was a young child that s most associated with Freud He received his medical degree here in 1881 and began studying the human brain But over time Freud became fascinated by something he couldn t see or touch the human mind In the 1890s Freud began developing the theories behind the practice he named psychoanalysis He believed that all human beings have an unconscious portion of the mind In the unconscious strong sexual and aggressive drives struggle against the mind s attempts to suppress them Freud believed that dreams were one way to look into the unconscious and to discover a person s deepest desires and fears Using his own dreams and those of his patients Freud published what is widely considered his masterpiece The Interpretation of Dreams in 1899 In the process he helped make psychology a hallmark of the new century In 1938 when Freud was 81 the Nazis annexed Austria They had already burned Freud s books in Germany labeling them the product of Jewish science Freud fled to England that same year and died the next autumn on September 23rd 1939 Today fewer than 5 000 patients in the U S are treated with Freud s method of psychoanalysis a type of therapy where patients explore the workings of their unconscious over the course of five to six years His methods as a doctor may be in decline but as a theorist Sigmund Freud succeeded in changing forever the way that people think about the human mind Engaging Assessing the Credibility of a News Article Do you have trouble hearing people talk at parties Try practicing the piano before you leave the house That s because musicians from karaoke singers to professional cello players are better able to hear targeted sounds in a noisy environment In the past 10 years there s been an explosion of research on music and the brain Aniruddh Patel the Esther J Burnham Senior Fellow at the Neurosciences Institute in San Diego said today at a press briefing Most recently brain imaging studies have shown that music activates many diverse parts of the brain including a part of the brain that processes both music and language Language is a natural aspect to consider in looking at how music affects the brain according to Patel Patel states that like music language is universal there s a strong learning component and it carries complex meanings According to study leader Nina Kraus director of the Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory at Northwestern University in Illinois the brains of people with even casual musical training are better able to generate the brain wave patterns associated with specific sounds whether musical or spoken In other words musicians are used to playing sounds in their heads so they ve trained their brains to recognize selective sound patterns such as spoken words even as background noise goes up Further Listening Listening 1 Max What s the matter You look like you re sad Abigail I m reading a newspaper How can I look sad Max I m just reading your facial expression I learned that when people experience basic emotions like sadness or fear you can see it in their faces Abigail But I m Indonesian and you re Canadian Maybe we make different facial expressions to express the same emotions Max Well that s the interesting thing Back in the 1800s Charles Darwin speculated that our facial expressions like smiling when we re happy are a universal human phenomenon Abigail So was he right Do we all make the same facial expressions Max We do Around 40 years ago a psychologist named Paul Ekman confirmed Darwin s theory He conducted an experiment and the results showed that people across cultures make the same facial expressions to express the same emotions Abigail So it doesn t matter which culture we come from Max Right He also wondered whether the things that trigger our emotions might be universal Abigail Interesting So are the things that cause our emotions the same for everyone Max The answer is yes and no Certain things are universal like a sudden movement in our field of vision triggers fear for example Abigail That makes sense A sudden movement could signal danger so maybe we react because of our instincts Max Right but some things don t trigger the same emotion For example one person could associate the smell of the sea with something positive like a vacation Abigail And another person might associate the smell with a sad time in their lives Max Exactly Abigail And I suppose that those emotional triggers might have to do with personality as well Max You re probably right Listening 2 If you want to clear your head after making a tough decision research suggests that you should wash your hands The research was conducted at the University of Michigan in the U S by Spike W S Lee and Norbert Schwarz who asked student volunteers to participate in what they thought was a consumer survey The students were asked to rank 10 music CDs in order of preference Then the researchers let them choose between the fifth and the sixth CD to take home as a gift Once the volunteers had made a decision they were asked to evaluate a liquid hand soap Some students chose to evaluate the hand soap by washing their hands while others just looked at the bottle The students who didn t wash their hands later ranked their chosen CDs higher than they had before but students who did wash up ranked the 10 CDs in basically the same order as before After making hard choices people would keep thinking about whether they had made a wise choice which made them quite conflicted They tend to justify their decisions to make themselves feel better Lee explained You want to feel that you made the right choice so you justify it by thinking about the positive features of your decision he said This process is called postdecisional dissonance That s why those students who did