主谓一致和就近原则

精品文档 1欢迎下载 天津市初二英语天津市初二英语 英语语法 主谓一致 主谓一致有许多原则 概括起来不外乎三种一致原则 即 语法形 式一致 概念一致 语言内容上一致 毗邻一致 谓语动词的单复数形 式和紧位于其前的主语一致 另外 根据代词应该在人称 数 性等方面与所指的词保持一致 还有指 代一致 一 语法形式一致 1 单数主语 单个动词不定式 动名词短语以及句子作主语 谓语动词 要用单数形式 复数主语 用 and 或 both and 连接的动词不定式短语 动名词短语以及主语从句作主语 谓语动词则用复数形式 例如 Serving the people is my great happiness 为人民服务是我最大的幸 福 Whether we ll go depends on the weather 我们是否去要取决于天气 的好赖 What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper 我所思考的和我所寻求的都在这个论文中体现了出来 2 由 as well as with along with like together with rather than except but including accompanied by plus besides in addition to no less than 等引起的结构跟在主语后面 不能看作是并 列主语 该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响 主语如是单数 其谓 精品文档 2欢迎下载 语动词仍然用单数形式 例如 The reading course book plus its reference books is helpful to college students 教材加上参考书对大学学生是非常有益的 The man together with his wife and children sits on the sofa watching TV 那个人和他妻儿老小坐在沙发上看电视 3 有些代词只能指单数可数名词 当它们在句子中作主语时 尽管在意 义上是多数 谓语动词仍要用单数形式 这类代词有 either neither each one the other another somebody someone something anyone anything anybody everyone everything everybody no one nothing nobody 等 例如 Neither likes the friends of the other 两人都不喜欢对方的朋 友 Everything around us is matter 我们周围的所有东西都是物质 4 当 and 连结的两个名词是指同一个人或同一件事 and 后的名词前没 有冠词 谓语动词应该用单数形式 在 and 后面的名词前有冠词 谓语就 用复数形式 例如 The bread and butter is served for breakfast 早饭供应黄油面包 The bread and the butter are on sale 正在出售黄油和面包 5 当 one of a portion of a series of a species of a chain of 结构作主语时 谓语动词要用单数形式 例如 精品文档 3欢迎下载 One of those students has passed the examination 这些学生只有一个考试及格了 A series of pre recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use 为语音课提前准备了一系列录音磁带 6 由 one and a half 复数名词或 the majority of 名词作作主语 时 谓语动词视名词的单复数形式而定 例如 The majority of the damage is easy to repair 大部分的损坏品都 容易修理 7 plenty of half of a lot of lots of heaps of loads of scads of 等 可数与不可数名词作主语时 不可数名词的谓语只用单数 可数名词的谓语视可数名词的单复数而定 例如 There is plenty of water in the pail 桶里还有好多水 There are plenty of eggs in the box 箱子里有好多鸡蛋 8 由 more than one 或 more than one 单数名词 many a 单数 名词作主语 谓语动词要用单数形式 例如 More than one student has passed the examination 不止一个学生通过了这次考试 Many a boy learns to swim before he can read 许多孩子在认字前 就学会了游泳 9 如果名词词组中心词是 分数或百分数 of 名词 谓语动词的单 复数形式取决于 of 后的名词或代词的单 复数形式 例如 Over three quarters of the land has been reclaimed 精品文档 4欢迎下载 四分之三多的土地已经收回了 Two thirds of the people present are against the plan 到场的三分之二的人都反对这个计划 10 定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致 例如 He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group 被选出来代表该组的人他是其中之一 Keep cool is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident 镇静 是事故发生时应当牢记的第一条原则 二 概念一致 语言内容上一致 1 有些集合名词如 crowd family team orchestra 管弦乐队 group government committee class school union firm staff public 等 它们作主语时 谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定 如果它 们作为一个集体单位时 动词用单数形式 如就其中的各个成员来说 则 谓语用复数形式 例如 His family is going to move 他准备搬家 His family are very well 他家人身体都好 2 有些表示总体意义的名词 形式上是单数 而意义上却是复数 谓语 动词要用复数形式 如 people police militia cattle poultry 家禽 等 例如 The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard 精品文档 5欢迎下载 警察正在搜寻一位肤色黝黑 长胡子的高个子男人 3 有些名词形式上是复数 而意义上却是单数 如 news means works 还 有许多以 ics 结尾的学科名称 如 economics physics mechanics politics 等 它们作主语时 谓语动词要用单数形式 例如 Politics is a complicated business 政治学是一门复杂的东西 Here is the news 下面播送新闻 4 用 and 连接的单数主语 前面有 each every many a no 等修饰时 谓语动词要用单数形式 复数主语与 each 连用时 应不受 each 的影响 谓语动词仍用复数形式 例如 Every boy and girl is treated in the same way 每个男孩 女孩都是以同样的方式对待的 Many a boy and many a girl has seen it 很多姑娘小伙子都见过 The old workers and the young each have their own tools 青老年工人都各自有自己的工具 5 表示重量 度量 衡量 价值的复数名词作主语 谓语动词常用单数 形式 例如 Twenty miles is a long way to walk 二十里地可是个不近的路程 Three pints isn t enough to get me drunk 三品脱还不至于把我 灌醉 the 形容词作主语时 如主语指的是一类人 谓语动词用复数形式 如果指的是单个人或抽象概念 谓语动词用单数形式 例如 精品文档 6欢迎下载 The departed was a good friend of his 死者是 他的一位好友 三 毗邻一致 就近原则 1 由连词 or neither or either or not only also nor 等连 接的并列主语 谓语动词的单复数形式按毗邻一致的原则 与贴近它的主 语一致 例如 Either you or he is no telling the truth 不是 你就是他没讲真话 Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed 不仅开关 连那些老化了电路都已经更换了 2 在 there be 的结构中 谓语动词的单复数形式一般也采取就近原则 例如 There is a desk and four benches in the office 办公室有一张 桌子 四条长凳 There are two chairs and a desk in the office 办公室有两把椅 子一张桌子 四 代词的指代一致 指代一致是指句中的代词应该在人称 数 性等方面与所指的词保持一致 精品文档 7欢迎下载 也是考试中的一个常考点 1 当 everyone everybody no one nobody anyone anybody someone somebody 等作主语时 相应的代词一般采用单数形式 例如 If anyone calls tell him I ll be back later 如果有人 找我 就说我一会回来 Everyone thinks he is the center of universe 每个人都认为自己 是宇宙的中心 2 由 neither nor not only but also either or not but or 等连结的并列主语 其后的附加疑问部分主语用复数代词 例如 Neither you nor I am wrong are we 你我都没错 对吧 Both Tom and Jack came didn t they 汤姆和杰克都来了 对不对 3 当句子的主语是 one 并要在句子中多次出现时 一般用第三人称单 数代词来代替后面将出现的 one 或 one s 当 one 在句子中泛指人时 在 反意疑问句中也可用 you 来代替 例如 One should never blame his friends even his friends committed some careless mistakes 当朋友犯了疏忽的小错时不要老指责朋友的过失 One can t be too careful can you one 一个人无论怎么样小心都 不为过 对不对 精品文档 8欢迎下载 主谓一致单项填空专练 主谓一致单项填空专练 主谓一致是历年中考热点之一 一般说来 句子的主语和谓语在人称与 数上应保持一致 但在很多情况下存在一些特殊情况 这些特殊情况就是重 要考点 本文以往年高考试题为例 对此考点作以归纳 一 当主语后面与 with as well as but except like rather than no less than besides including 等 名词或代词连用时 谓 语动词与第一个主语保持一致 1 The teacher with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class visiting a museum when the earthquake struck A was B were C had been D would be 2 A library with five thousand books to the nation as a gift A is offered B has offered C are offered D have offered 3 E mail as well as telephones an important part in daily communication A is playing B have played C are playing D play 4 Nobody but Jane the secret A know B knows C have known D is known 5 All but one here just now A is B was C has been D were 精品文档 9欢迎下载 二 当 either or neither nor not only but also 等连接并列主语时 谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致 6 Either you or the headmaster the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting A was handing out B are to hand out C are handing out D is to hand out 7 Not only I but also Jane and Mary tired of having one examination after another A is B are C am D be 三 当 the only one of 复数名词 定语从句 且关系代词 在定语从句中作主语时 定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式 当 one of 复数名词 定语从句 且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时 定语从句的 谓语动词用复数形式 8 He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for three years A is B are C have been D has been 9 She is one of the few girls who in the kindergarten A is well paid B are well paid C is paying well D are paying well 四 当 news means maths plastics physics 等在形式上是复数 概念 而在意义上是单数概念的名词作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 10 Every possible means to prevent the pollution 精品文档 10欢迎下载 but the sky is still not clear A is used B are used C has been used D have been used 五 当