文献翻译-汽车后视镜新功能的研究与开发

1Automobile rear view mirror new function research and developmentAlong with automobile performance enhancement, automobile rear view mirror function also in unceasingly development and consummation.Following introduction automobile rear view mirror new function research and development situation.1.Long-distance range adjustment rear view mirror angle In order to enable pilots to adjust outside conveniently the vehicle in the vehicle the rear view mirror angle, has already developed many kind of long-distance range adjustment rear view mirror angle installment.May divide into manual, electrically operated and types and so on microcomputer control according to its operation way; May divide into types and so on cable, tension bar, gear mechanism and worm gear worm bearing adjuster organization according to its type of drive.The manual -like structure is simple, the price is inexpensive; The electromotive type efficiency is high, the trimming effect is good, but the structure is complex, needs to install a micro-motor on the rear view mirror foundation, the price is high; The microcomputer control may with other installment like wind window windshield wiper, the wind window scrubber and so on use in common a microcomputer, the effect is best.2. Rear view mirror heating defogging In order to remove in the rear view mirror mirror surface automatically the fog and the ice, may install the heater element at the back of the mirror.The heater element has the ceramic resistor heater element, the coil heater element and the electric heating steel disk heater element and so on.When the terminal switch puts through, the electric heating part elevates temperature, heats up the mirror surface glass evenly, except water vapor.When the mirror surface achieved when certain temperature, the hot sensitive sensor through warm controls the electric circuit automatic turnoff power source.If graphical representation for self-heating, defogging rear view mirror demonstration.3. The rear view mirror eliminates the ash installmentThis equipment uses in blowing only in the mirror surface dust and so on dirty.By the automobile reservoir air feed air line, through the rear view mirror foundation, causes its exportation at a mirror surface end, and is parallel to the glass plane.When needs except the ash, the pilot may open the electromagnetism air valve switch, the air current then flows after the air line, along mirror surface air flush, except mirror surface dust.4. Rear view mirror clean hydro-extracting cage construction This kind of equipment is installs a spray nozzle in the mirror surface front 2part.When work, blows the cleaning liquid the mirror surface, is similar in the wind window scrubber.After the mirror surface cleaning, causes the mirror surface by the transmission system to circle its spool thread revolving, throws off in the mirror surface under the centrifugal force function the waterdrop.5. Guards against dazzles the rear view mirror When night driving, tags along after the vehicles the head lamp according to on the front vehicle rear view mirror, can cause the front vehicle pilot to have the glitzy feeling, affects the traffic safety.Therefore, the research developed each pattern to guard against the glitzy back sight boundary.(1) adjustable angle guards against dazzles rear view mirror this equipment by the electro-optical sensor, the electronic installation and the electricity transmission device is composed.The electro-optical sensor installs in the rear view mirror, the electricity transmission device is an electric motor, on the axis is loaded with a mechanical part, affects in the rear view mirror.When the electro-optical sensor feels the glare illumination, transmits the signal to the electronic installation, the electronic installation sends out the instruction, causes the electricity transmission device work, rotates the rear view mirror an angle, therefore, reflected the light to avoid pilots line of sight.(2) high reflecting surface transformation guarded against glitzy rear view mirror 36 this rear view mirror for the low reflecting surface is composed by the superficial clear glass and the mirror surface, has used two appearances to the angle different reflection light strong and the weak different principle.The mirror surface first reflection light is strong, the index of reflection is approximately 80%; The clear glass outside surface index of reflection is approximately 4%; The clear glass internal surface index of reflection is approximately 3.5%.Daytime, the clear glass and the mirror surface fitting in the same place, between both included angle are equal to the zero; At night between the clear glass and the mirror surface has certain included angle.Daytime the pilot accepts the high reflecting surface the reflection light, accepts the low reflecting surface at night the reflection light. The prism guards against the glitzy principle is with prism front, behind replaces the above installment two surfaces to achieve the identical goal. (3) liquid crystal guards against the glitzy rear view mirror 36 liquid crystal to guard against dazzles the rear view mirror the structure and the principle of work, as shown in Figure 4-4.When has not exerted the voltage, the liquid crystal level vertical is arranged the basic unit.By now, the liquid crystal level nonabsorbing light, was the ordinary condition; When infliction voltage, as a result of the liquid crystal 3photoelectric effect, the fluid interlayer water flat land arranges the basic unit.By now, the liquid crystal level absorption light, was at guards against the glitzy condition. This kind of mirror index of reflection, the ordinary condition is approximately 55%, guards against the glitzy condition is approximately 11%.The reaction time, the enhancement is 20 ms, weakens is 300 ms.Moreover in the expiration situation still could the normal work, namely when guarded against dazzles the rear view mirror the power source interrupted (wire to break or ignition lock shut down when), the mirror still could maintain guards against the glitzy condition.In addition, besides automatic transformation condition, but also may the manually controlled transformation condition. (4) electricity color guards against glitzy rear view mirror 36 this equipment is automatically causes through the infliction electric field or the electric current regards in the mirror the material bidirectional color change, thus the change light index of reflection achieved guards against glitzy the effectThis equipment by electricity color work electrode B, counter-electrode D, electrolyte C, electronic parts and so on carrier bed A, E is composed.The electricity color work electrode B coloration is because electronic and ion ejection, the counter-electrode D function is when the electricity color work electrode colors, provides ion which needs, but when the electricity color work electrode decolorizes, storage ion.Electrolyte C to ion breakover, but to electronic insulation. In entire solid state electricity chromatoscope glass basis first is highly transparent conductor ITO; Then is 120 nm indium oxide compound and tin oxide compound compound membrane (IRTOF), takes the positive electrode electricity color level; Then uses for by 750 nm tantalum pentoxide Ta2O5 to take the solid state ionized layer; Finally, 500 nm tungsten oxide compound WO3 took the positive electrode electricity color level, and by outside 4a 100 nm aluminum reflector the handbag, the aluminum reflector simultaneously is serving as for the behind electronic conductor.When the ITO level is charging, when the aluminum electronic conductor sustains the charge, enters the electricity color level along with the electric current, the index of reflection reduces very quickly, simultaneously counter electromotive force revolt further charge, therefore the coloring interrupt, the index of reflection tends to steadily, is at the low index of reflection to guard against the glitzy condition, therefore from the aluminum mirror surface reflection reflection is gloomy.The actual response time may adjust by the installment design.Shown in Figure 4-6 for the entire solid state electricity chromatoscope spectrum index of reflection.When exerts when slaving voltage different, the index of reflection along with it change, the infliction slaving voltage is also higher, the index of reflection is lower. Above introduction each kind guards against dazzles in the middle of the rear view mirror, the prism can provide the good daytime field of vision and the good at night dazzling protection, but is only two extreme indeces of reflection; The liquid crystal mirror most also is a split-blip, the index of reflection in the daytime is approximately 40%50%, at night is approximately 1015%; The electricity chromatoscope has the continuous transformation index of reflection ability in the range of validity.6. The new multi-curved surface, non-blind spot rear view mirror 37 this is outside one brand-new concept vehicles sets at the back sight reflector, it acts according to the vehicle to the rear view mirror operation requirements, uses optics principle fully, to vehicle before and after, left and right different field of vision angle, causes the different curvature surface at to bond together accurately with the rear view mirror in becomes, but thus solved other rear view mirrors to attempt with many kinds of ways to solve the solution difficult problem. The multi-curved surface, the non-blind spot rear view mirror have following characteristic: Visible angle compared to common rear view mirror big 2060. The radius of curvature conforms to the international standard requirement, and has achieved the international standard request degree of distortion, conditions and so on index of reflection. Has the very strong sense of distance, may rest on regards the object far and near to change it in the mirror surface size, judges and this object distance. Can the real terrain present object phantom, overcome the dizziness feeling. The multi-curved surface, the non-blind spot rear view mirror expanded pilots field of vision a new level, crosswise, the longitudinal field of vision expanded above three times, was the vehicle has provided a more effective safety control. 57. Back sight photograph - collision avoidance system this system is one kind for enhances the automobile the driving security to develop, the development installment, may attach installs on each kind of motor vehicle.The vehicles pilot when the driving, the back-draft, the tone, changes, through installs the place above camera and installs behind the automobile body after the gauge board the image monitor can see clearly the vehicle the situation, through installs the range finder sensor as well as installs behind the automobile body above the gauge board a-scope, after can know the automobile body and the vehicle between the object distance, after automobile body and vehicle between object distance slightly to a localization limiting value, the alarm apparatus can send out the sound to report to the police, remind the pilot to pay attention.Has installed this system motor vehicle (is specially large-scale vehicles), has provided safely, comfortable, the facile driving operating environment to the pilot, thus enhanced the vehicles driving security enormously. The image monitor type and the size specification may act according to the user the request disposition, the system work not factor and so on rain, snow, fog, darkness influences.汽车后视镜新功能的研究与开发随着汽车性能的提高，汽车后视镜的功能也在不断地发展和完善。下面介绍6汽车后视镜新功能的研究和开发情况。 1. 远距离调节后视镜角度 为了使驾驶员在车内就能方便地调节车外后视镜的角度，已经开发了许多种远距离调节 后视镜角度的装置。按其操纵方式可分为手动、电动和微机控制等类型；按其传动方式可分为缆索、拉杆、齿轮机构和蜗轮蜗杆机构等类型。手动式结构简单，价格低廉；电动式效率高，微调效果好，但结构复杂，需要在后视镜底座上安装一个微型电动机，价格较高；微机控制可与其它装置如风窗刮水器、风窗洗涤器等共用一个微机，效果最好。 2. 后视镜加热除雾 为了自动去除后视镜镜面上的雾和冰，可在镜背面安装加热元件。加热元件有陶瓷电阻加热元件、线圈加热元件和电热钢片加热元件等。电路开关接通时，电热元件升温，均匀加热镜面玻璃，除去水汽。当镜面达到一定温度时，热敏传感器通过温控电路自动切断电源。如图示为自动加热、除雾后视镜的示例。 7动加热、除雾的后视镜 图3. 后视镜除灰装置 该装置用于吹净镜面上的灰尘等脏物。由汽车的贮气筒供气的气管路，通过后视镜底座，使其出口在镜面的一端，并且平行于玻璃平面。需要除灰时，驾驶员可将电磁气阀的开关打开，气流即可流经气管路，沿镜面吹气，除去镜面灰尘。4. 后视镜的清洗甩水机构 这种装置是在镜面前部装一喷嘴。工作时，将清洗液吹上镜面，类似于风窗洗涤器。镜面洗净后，由传动机构使镜面绕其轴线旋转，在离心力的作用下甩掉镜面上的水滴。 5. 防眩目后视镜 夜间行车时，尾随车辆的前照灯照在前车的后视镜上，会使前车驾驶员产生眩目感，影响行车安全。为此，研究开发了各种型式的防眩目后视境。 （1）可调角度的防眩目后视镜 该装置由光电传感器、电子装置和电传动装置组成。光电传感器安装在后视镜内，电传动装置是一个电动机，轴上装有一个机械元件，作用于后视镜。当光电传感器感受到强光照射时，将信号传送到电子装置，电子装置发出指令，使电传动装置工作，将后视镜转动一个角度，因此，强反射光线就避开了驾驶员的视线。 （2）高反射面变换为低反射面的防眩目后视镜36 此后视镜由表面透明玻璃和镜面组成，利用了两个面相对角度不同反射光线强弱不同之原理。镜面第一次反射光线较强，反射率约为 80%；透明玻璃外表面的反射率约为 4%；透明玻璃内表面的反射率约为 3.5%。白天，透明玻璃和镜面贴合在一起，两者之间的夹角等于零；夜间透明玻璃和镜面之间有一定的夹角。白天驾驶员接受高反射面的反射光线，夜间则接受低反射面的反射光线。 棱镜的防眩目原理是用棱镜的前、后面代替上述装置的两个表面达到同一目的。 （3）液晶防眩目后视镜36 液晶防眩目后视镜的结构和工作原理，如图1 所示。没有施加电压时，液晶层被垂直地排列到基层。这时，液晶层不吸收光，为平常状态；当施加电压时，由于液晶的光电效应，液晶层水平地排列到基层。这时，液晶层吸收光，处于防眩目状态。 这种镜的反射率，平常状态约为 55%，防眩目状态约为 11%。反应时间，增强为 20 ms，减弱为 300 ms。而且在失效的情况下仍能正常工作，即当防眩目后视镜的电源中