情感因素与外语学习

情感因素与外语学习情感因素与外语学习 Abstract During foreign language learning researchers always pay more attention to affective factors In the past there were many teaching methods such as implied method si lence method mass organizations languages learning method and reaction method all of which are emphasized by the affective factors of languages learning Since 19 70 the emphasis of languages teaching has turned to how teachers teach the learn ers learning The important research field is affect which is the individual factor th at was caused by every learner Research shows that foreign languages learning is affected by sex age character learning environment language ability learning attit ude affective factors cognitive style and learning strategy of the learners Affective factors such as language anxiety learning motivation self esteem self confidence a nd inhibition will directly affect learner s learning action and learning results and its effects and action is underestimated and ignored Positive affect has the advantage of stimulating the learner s interest and motivation in foreign language learning brin ging learning potential into play surmounting languages anxiety and psychological in hibition playing an active role in foreign languages learning The thesis analyzes the learning motivation languages anxiety confidence self esteem inhibition and puts f orward measures for cultivating positive affect and reducing negative affect Importa ntly the thesis also puts emphasis on the relationship between affective factors and foreign languages learning Key Words Affective factors positive affect foreign languages learning strategy 摘 要 外语学习中情感问题一直受到研究者们的关注 过去先后出现的教学法如暗示法 沉默法 社团语言学习法 全身反应法等都特别强调语言学习中的情感问题 20 世纪 70 年代以 来 语言教学研究的重点从研究教师如何转向教学习者如何学 其中一个重要研究领域是 情感 这一造成学习结果差异的学习者个体因素 研究表明 外语学习受性别 年龄 个性特点 学习环境 语言学能 学习态度 情感因素 认知风格和学习策略等诸多因素 的影响 情感因素 如语言焦虑 学习动机 自尊心 自信心 移情和抑制等 直接影响 到学习者的学习行为和学习效果 其影响和作用是不可低估和忽视的 积极情感有利于激 发外语学习者学习语言的兴趣和动力 发挥其学习潜能 克服语言焦虑和心理抑制 对外 语学习产生积极作用 文章分析了学习动机 语言焦虑 自信心 自尊心 抑制对外语习 得的影响 提出培养积极情感 降低消极情感的策略 更重要的是本文着重强调和分析了 情感因素之一 情感因素与外语学习的关系 因此 文章在分析了学习动机 语言焦虑 自信心 自尊心 抑制对外语习得的影响后 提出了培养积极情感 降低消极情感的策 略 关键词 情感因素 积极情感 外语学习 策略 Introduction Researches show that in our daily life many factors can affect the foreign language learning such as sex age character environment languages competence learning attitude affective factors cognition style and learning strategy etc However affecti ve factors may be the most important which contain language anxiety learning moti vation self esteem confidence and inhibition At the same time all of these factors can affect the learner s learning behavior and their results directly and the influenc e and functions cannot be estimable and ignored Therefore during the foreign lang uages learning it is quite important for us to understand how to make use of the positive affective factors reduce negative affective factors and bring learner s poten tials into full play Furthermore all of them can promote foreign languages teaching and improve the results of foreign languages learning effectively As we know affect refers to people s subjective feelings and sentimental reflections when they face these phenomena of happiness anger grief and joy Affect can be divided into positive affect and negative affect The positive affect such as interest motivation attitude self esteem and confidence can contribute to bringing learner s learning potentials into play and improve learning efficiency On the contrary negat ive affect such as anxiety inhibition timidity tension disappointment and disgust can prevent learners bringing their potentials into play and affect learning results J ane Arnold 1999 divided the affective factors into two types One is learner s indiv idual factor that includes anxiety inhibition self esteem motivation etc and the ot her is affective factor of learners and teachers including classroom communication and awareness of cross culture etc I Affective Factors in Foreign Languages Learning A Anxiety Anxiety is thought to be the most important negative affective factor affecting foreig n languages learning It is also quite possible for the emotional factor to most perv asively obstruct the learning process It is associated with negative feelings such as uneasiness frustration self doubt appreciation and tension In fact anxiety is a kin d of subjective feelings especially when the learners are studying a foreign languag e due to reaching expected goals and then their self esteem and confidence suffer a setback or make the sense of failure and tension compunction increase and natu rally uneasiness and anxiety of complicated emotion condition come into being Anxi ety may be a kind of temporary psychological state and also a kind of psychologic al character that can last for a long time However anxiety can cause serious nega tive influence upon foreign languages learning 李银仓 2005 but the non relation o f anxiety and learning achievement was proved again and again Gardner Horwitz 1986 Anxiety affects not only foreign languages learner s confide nce Macintyre Gardner Price 1991 It is not always clear how foreig n languages anxiety comes into being Research evidence shows that anxiety comes from a considerabl