自考国际商务英语考试必备-自己整理

英译汉英译汉 1 Domestic business 国内商务 2 economic globalization 经济 全球化 3 host country 东道国 intellectual 4 property 知识产权 5 non tariff barriers 非关税壁垒 6 national product 国民产值 7 per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值 8 Durable equipment 耐用设备 9 Staple goods 大路货 10 Creditor country 债权国 11 Customs union 关税同盟 12 Dual Ministerial meetings 双部长会议 13 European Commission 欧盟委员会 14 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEC 石油 输出国组织 15 North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA 北美自由贸易协 定 16 Board of directors 董事会 17 day to day running 日常管理 18 the parent MNE 多国公司目公司 19 national economic welfare 国家经济利益 20 the legal jurisdiction 法律经管范围 21 self sufficient 自给自足的 22 farm produce 农农品 23 the endowments of nature 自然禀赋 24 perfect competition 完全竞争 25 output per many year of labour 人均年产量 26 production capability 生产能力 27 consumption preference 消费偏好 28 cost advantage 成本优势 29 Large scale production 大规模生产 30 tariff barrier 关税壁垒 31 International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会 32 customs clearance 结关 33 EDI 电子数据交换 34 Incoterms 国际贸易术语解释通则 35 destination port 目的港 36 binding obligation 有约束力的义务 37 international trunk call 国际长途 38 the business line 业务范围 39 force majeure 不可抗力 40 cross border contract 进出口合同 41 clearing system 清算系统 42 leverage 杠杆作用 43 trade credit account 贸易信贷往来账户 44 centrally planned economy 中央计划经济 45 financial status 财务状况 46 to open account 开立账户 47 Consignment transaction 寄售交易 48 a usance draft 远期汇票 49 documentary collection 跟单托收 50 impeccable documents 正确无误单据 51 correspondent bank 往来行 52 confirming bank 保兑行 53 transportation clause 运输条款 54 clean credit 即期信用证 55 deferred payment credit 不可转让信用证 56 freight prepaid 运费预付 57 prepare documents 缮制单据 58 consignor 托运人 59 consular invoice 领事发票 60 notify party 被通知人 61 contract carriers 契约承运人 62 intermediate product 半成品 63 ultimate consumers 最终消费者 64 natural product province 产品自然领域 65 time lag 时差 66 claim on goods 对货物的索赔 67 premium 保险费 68 insurer 承保人 69 insurable interest 可保利益 70 settlement of a claim 理赔 71 freight forwarder 货运代理行 72 utmost good faith 最大诚信原则 73 valued policies 有价保单 74 exchange rate 买入价 75 balance of payment 收支平衡 76 direct quote 直接标价 77 buying rate 买入价 78 financial policies 金融政策 79 financial policies 资金 80 retained capital 预留资金 81 grace period 优惠期 82 a specialized mandate 特殊使命 83 direct investment 直接投资 84 tax holiday 免税期 85 greenfield strategy 绿地战略 86 customer mobility 客户流动 87 investment return 投资回报 88 start from scratch 政府债券 89 market maker 股票经营商 90 standing committee 常务委员会 91 underlying securities 基础证券 92 global trade rules 世界贸易规则 93 the reciprocal tariff concession list 互惠关税减让表 94 a uniform tariff system 统一关税体系 95 the non discrimination principle 非歧视原则 96 escape clause 豁免条款 97 a new economic order 新经济秩序 98 trade concession 贸易减让 99 Special Drawing Rights 特别提款权 100 maturity 到期日 101 certificate of deposit 大额 102 cartel 卡特尔 汉译英汉译英 1 国际商务 international business 2 无形贸易 invisible trade 3 国内生产总值 gross domestic products 4 证券投资 portfolio investment 5 交钥匙工程 turnkey project 6 国民生产总值 Gross National product GNP 7 收入分配 income distribution 8 经济合作与发展组织 the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 9 基础储备 infrastructure 10 外汇储备 foreign currency reserves 11 区域经济一体化 regional economic integration 12 自由贸易区 free trade area 13 欧盟 European Union 14 亚太经合组织 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation APEC 16 部长理事会 Council of Ministers 17 经济全球化 Economic Globalization 18 跨国企业 multinational economic environment 19 生产设施 manufacturing facilities 20 自然资源分配 the distribution of nature resources 21 初级产品 the primary commodities 22 比较优势论 the theory of comparative advantage 23 互利贸易 the mutual beneficial trade 24 资源储备 the reserves of natural resources 25 技术创新 technology innovation 26 贸易方式 patterns of trade 27 关税区 customs area 28 自动出口限制 voluntary export restraint 29 名胜古迹 places of historical interest 30 贸易条款 trade terms 31 修改信用证 amendment to the letter of credit 32 集装箱运输 container transport 33 运费付至 CPT 34 报价 quotation 35 有效期 the validity period 36 付款方式 mode Of payment 37 仲裁 arbitration 38 对销贸易 cunter trade 39 实际头寸 net positions 40 双边协议 bilateral agreement 41 易货贸易 barter 42 垂直合并 纵向组合 vertical combination 43 汇率浮动变化 exchange rate fluctuation 44 资信状况 credit standing 45 分期付款 payment by installments 46 即期汇票 sight draft 47 付款交单 document against payment D P 48 商业信用证 commercial letter of credit 49 开证行 the opening bank 50 受益人 the beneficiary 51 统一惯例 the uniform customs and practice 52 循环信用证 revolving credit 53 保兑信用证 confirmed credit 54 远期信用证 usance credit 55 票面价值 face value 56 资金周转 capital turnover 57 空运提单 airway bill 58 产地证书 certificate of origin 59 运输标记 shipping marks 60 装运港 port of shipment 61 原始的生产方式 primitive mode of production 62 竞争机制 competition system 63 运输体系 transportation system 64 公共承运人 common carriers 65 保证金 margin 66 股票投资 investment in stocks 67 货物保险 cargo insurance 68 外汇储备 foreign exchange services 69 共同基金 the common pool 70 代位追偿 subrogation 71 近因原则 the doctrine of proximate cause 72 预约保单 open policy 73 平安险 F P A 74 水渍险 W P A 75 金本位制 gold standard 76 平价 par value 77 布雷顿森会议 the Bretton Woods Conference 78 间接标价 indirect quote 79 储备货币 reserve currency 80 世界资本市场 World capital market 81 借贷成本 the cost of borrowing 82 产权 股票 投资 equity investment 83 经济结构调整 economic restructuring 84 合资公司 joint venture 85 并购 acquisition 86 生物遗传学 biogenetics 87 自动出口限制 Voluntary Export Restriction VER 88 证券交易所 the Stock Exchange Market 89 普通股 ordinary share 90 补偿基金 compensation fund 91 金边债券 gilt 92 期权 option 93 协商机制 a consultative mechanism 94 双边谈判 bilateral negotiation 95 签约国 the signatory countries 96 充分就业 full employment 97 多边贸易体制 multilateral trade system 98 国际组织 international organizations 99 技术转让 technology transfer 100 商品协议 commodity agreement 101 国际货币体系 international monetary system 102 优惠关税 preferential customs tariff 103 承包生产 Contract manufacturing 104 tariff rates 关税率 105 settlement 协议 106 Shareholders 股东 107 board of directors 董事会 108 parent company 母公司 109 affiliate 子公司 110 day to day running 日常管理 101 multinational corporation 跨国公司 102 home country 母公司所在国 103 host country 东道国 术语解释术语解释 1 affiliate MNC a MNC which is associated or controlled by its parent MNC without losing its own identity 2 Absolute advantage an advantage possessed by a country engaged in international trade when using a given resource input it is able to produce more output than other countries possessing the same resource input 3 Arbitration the setting of a dispute by means of a neutral third party rather than by a court of law 4 A correspondent bank a bank which acts as an agent for another bank 5 All risks extensive insurance coverage of cargo including coverage due to external causes such as fire collision pilferage etc but usually excluding special risk such as those resulting from acts of war labor strikes and the perishing of good and from internal damage due to faulty packaging decay or loss of market Buyback an agreement by an export of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment Bill of exchange a signed document that orders a person or an organization such as a bank to pay a fixed sum of money on demand or on a certain date to the person specified Capital the contribution to productive activity made by investment in physical capital and in human capital Customs clearance the formalities necessary to satisfy the customs officers before they will allow goods to the cleared from customs for dispatch or delay elsewhere Banknotes circulation movement of the printed paper money issued by a bank usually the country s central bank Contract a legally binding agreement made between two or more people Clause part of a legal document that deals with a particular item or condition in it Confirmed credit a letter of credit to which a number of other document such as shipping documents have been joined by the exporter to obtain payment from the bank Commission the amount paid to an agent which may be an individual a broker or a financial institution for consummating a transaction involving sale or purchase of assets or services Commercial invoice a document identifying numbers such as invoice number date shipping date mode of transport delivery and payment terms and a complete listing and description of the goods or services being sold including prices discounts and quantities Common pool a fund contributed by all insured parties in the name of premium against certain risk out of which the claims if those suffering losses are paid capital infrastructure the basic physical requirements without which the industry cannot function effectively water and electricity installations qualified and killed professionals in technology and administration Capital market markets where corporations and governments sell securities to investors in order to raise funds for long or short periods Consumerism considerable desire to make purchase for consumption Distributor a person who sends goods from those who produce them to them to those who use them Documents against acceptance D A documents are handed over to the importer upon his acceptance of the bill of exchange drawn by the importer upon his acceptance of the bill of exchange drawn by the exporter Payment will be paid on a later date Documentary credit a letter of credit to which a number of other documents such as shipping documents have been joined by the exporter to obtain payment from the bank Devaluation the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currencies Envisage picture in the mind as a future possibility imagine Economic of scale the long run reduction in average costs that occurs as the scale of the firm s output is increased the reduction in unit cost and increase in profit obtained when goods are produced in large quantities EDI an electronic system that sends specially prepared document direct from the computer of one company to that of another so avoiding delays and improving services to customers Equity investment a type of investment by buying the ordinary shares of a company Exchange rate the ratio between one currency unit and the number of units of another currency at which it is possible to exchange the two at a given time Economic integration economic integration is a term used to describe how different aspects between economic are integrated As economic integration increase the barriers of trade between markets diminishes The most integration economy today between independent nations is the European Union and its euro zone FOB in foreign trade contracts the seller s delivers the goods on board the ship named by the buyer at the named port of shipment From that point all charges and risks have to be borne by the buyer Fair trade in international trade the principle that maintains that there should only be free trade with those countries which themselves extend free trade Full employment an economic situation in which all persons physically and mentally capable of doing some kind of work can find employment Gold reserves the stock of gold coin and bullion held by a note issuing bank in country on the gold standard GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy GDP refers to the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy Host country in international trade the country in which a multinational corporation is active but which is not the home country of that corporation Hyperinflation an extreme form of inflation the situation that exists in a Economy when the money supply is being increased very rapidly resulting in an increase of over 20 in the annual growth of the money supply or of the price level Infrastructure large scale public services such as water and power supplies road rail and radio communication etc needed to support economic activity esp industry trade and commerce Integration combine into a whole Inflation a general rise in prices within an economy accompanied by a reduction of the value of money International trade the exchange of goods and services between countries through exports and imports Irrevocable credit a letter of credit to which the paying bank has added its guarantee that payment will be made against presentation of certain documents Intermediate products goods that enter into the production of other goods In the manufacturing process goods and materials pass through various states of production frequently requiring transfer from one plant to another or sale by one firm to another Indemnity a basic idea in all branches of insurance that the insured should be in the same position after a loss as he as be was before it i e neither richer nor poorer as a result of loss Intellectual property certain non tangible assets held principally covering the areas of patent protection registered trade marks and designs and copy right Joint venture a commercial undertaking by two or more people differing from a partnership in that it relates to the disposition of a single lot of goods or the termination of a specific project just in time inventory making or ordering only just enough parts or materials for the factory s immediate needs so avoiding the expense of keeping stocks Liberalize of trade the act of government in lifting control over import and exports Letter of credit A written instruction by a bank or some other financial institution To its agent or another bank either local or aboard to lend the bearer of the letter certain sums of money for a fixed period of time Loan a commercial transaction between two legal entities whereby one party known as lender agrees to put at the disposal of another known as a borrower certain property usually money for its temporary use with am understanding by both parties that the property will be returned Money circulation money in the hands of the public and being used to pa for goods and services Most favored nation clause an understanding principle of the WTO whereby each country undertakes to apply the same rate of tariff to all its trade partners Negotiable transport document transport document can be transferred from one person to another by endorsement Non tariff barriers all public regulations and government practices that introduce unequal treatment for domestic and foreign goods of the same or similar production North American free trade agreement NAFTA 北美自由贸易协定 NAFTA is a trade agreement between Canada Mexico the united states which entered into force on january1 1994 It was preceded in 1988 by a trade agreement covering Canada and the U S the Canada U S free trade agreement which served as a negotiating framework for the expanded agreement Option a contractual agreement between a buyer and a seller to buy or sell a particular security commodity or currency at a specific price within a pre determined period of time Partnership a contractual relationship undertaking by two or more people differing from a partnership in that it relates to the disposition of a single lot of goods or the termination of a specific project PPP purchasing power parity Protectionism the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to enable relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers Productivity the relation between the output or amount produced in a given period and one unit of the factors of production employed in producing that output Preferential customs tariff a lower or zero tariff on a product from one country than is applied to imports from most countries This violation of the MFN principle is permitted in special cases Per capita income It is calculated by dividing its national income by its population Quota a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity Revenue the money received by a firm from selling its output of goods or services or money earned by government from taxation Reserves in a business amount set aside from profits to meet contingencies or for future investment Specialization to restrict one s economic activities to certain particular field Subrogation the legal right of an insurer to receive any money obtained by the insured as a result of his making use of his rights against third parties this reduces the cost of the loss to the insurer and prevents the insured from obtaining more than his full indemnity Stock exchange a markets where stocks and shares are bought and sold under fixed rules but at princes controlled by supply and demand Settlement a payment of money claimed Tariff a form of tax that occurs as the scale of the firm s output is increased the reduction in unit cost and increase in profit obtained when goods are produced in large quantities Terms of payment the terms agree upon between a sellers and a buyer regarding a transaction with respect to the mode and time table of payment Trade fair a big exhibition where manufactures and sellers and a similar or related products display their goods meet customers and each other Transfer of technology a complicated aspect of international business Technology can be divided into two types non tacit and tacit It can be transferred through various modes either export of products and goods or though service The most important feature of technology transfer is it is a transfer of the right to use not the right to ownership Terms of trade a measure of the trading success of a country by comparing the prices of its imports with the prices of its exports Triad and Quad A United States B Western Europe C Japan D Canada W P A a wider coverage than the F P A partial loss of or damage to the insured goods is excluded only where the loss to the insurer and prevents the insured from obtaining more than his full indemnity 简答简答 1 Major1 Major differencedifference betweenbetween internationalinternational businessbusiness andand domesticdomestic business business A A differences in legal system B B differences in currencies C C differences in cultural background D D differences in natural and economic conditions 2 M