完整版专四英语语法考点

精品文档 1欢迎下载 语法考点之一语法考点之一 虚拟语气 虚拟语气 考点考点 1 1 IfIf 从句中的虚拟语气从句中的虚拟语气 1 1 与过去事实相反 从句 与过去事实相反 从句 sbsb hadhad donedone 主句 主句 sbsb would should could might would should could might havehave donedone 1 I the party much more if there hadn t been quite such a crowd of people there 1996 A would enjoy B will have enjoyed C would have enjoyed D will be enjoying 2 All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there quite such a crowd of people there 2000 A weren t B hasn t been C hadn t been D wouldn t 省略省略 ifif 从句的语序用到装 即将 从句的语序用到装 即将 were hadwere had 或或 shouldshould 移至主语的前面 但否定词移至主语的前面 但否定词 notnot 不前移 不前移 3 Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam she much better results now 2008 A would be getting B could have got C must get D would get 4 you were busy I wouldn t have bothered you with my questions 1994 A If I realized B Had I realized C I realized that D As I realized 5 he would not have recovered so quickly 1995 A Hadn t he been taken good care of B Had he not been taken good care of C Had not he been taken good care of D Had he been not taken good care of 6 for the fact that she broke her leg she might have passed the exam 2002 A Had it not been B Hadn t it been C Was it not D Were it not 2 2 与现在事实相反 从句 与现在事实相反 从句 sbsb did were did were 主句主句 sbsb would should would should could could might domight do 1 If there were no subjunctive mood English much easier to learn 2009 A could have been B would be C will be D would have been 2 If you explained the situation to your solicitor he able to advise you much better than I can 2005 A would be B will have been C was D Were 3 3 与将来事实相反 从句 与将来事实相反 从句 sbsb diddid should do should do 或或 were towere to do do 主句 主句 sbsb wouldwould should should could could might might do do 1 you further problems with your printer contact your dealer for advice 2005 A If had B Have had C Should have D In case had 精品文档 2欢迎下载 4 4 错综条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段 错综条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段 比如 从句对过去虚拟 而主句对现在虚拟 即从句比如 从句对过去虚拟 而主句对现在虚拟 即从句 sbsb hadhad donedone 主句 主句 sbsb would should would should could could might might do do 1 If only the patient a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics he might still be alive now 2007 A had received B received C should receive D were receiving 考点考点 2 2 表示建议 要求 命令等动词如 表示建议 要求 命令等动词如 insist insist order order command command suggest suggest advise advise propose propose ask ask require require request request demanddemand 引导的从句及引导的从句及 itit 引导的相应的分词 名词和形容词从句 谓语用 引导的相应的分词 名词和形容词从句 谓语用 should should 动动 词原形 词原形 1 He left orders that nothing touched until the police arrived here 1997 A should be B ought to be C must be D would be 2 She asked that she allowed to see her son in police custody 1993 A would be B could be C be D was 考点考点 3 3 ItIt isis advisable advisable essential essential important important imperative imperative incredibleincredible 等从句 谓语用等从句 谓语用 shouldshould 动词原形 动词原形 1 It is necessary that he the assignment without delay 2010 A hand in B hands in C must hand in D has to hand in 2 It is absolutely essential that William his study in spite of some learning difficulties 2007 A will continue B continued C continue D continues 3 It is imperative that the government more investment into the shipbuilding industry 2006 A attracts B shall attract C attract D has to 4 It is imperative that students their term papers on time 2004 A hand in B would hand in C have to hand in D handed in 考点考点 4 4 itit isis high about high about timetime thatthat 的结构中 从句使用一般过去式 例如的结构中 从句使用一般过去式 例如 1 It s high time we cutting down the rainforests 2006 A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop 考点考点 5 5 muchmuch as as 尽管 虽然尽管 虽然 引导让步状语从句 从句中用引导让步状语从句 从句中用 wouldwould havehave donedone 表示假设 表示假设 1 Much as I couldn t lend him the money because I simply didn t have that much spare cash 1999 A I would have liked to B I would like to have C I should have to like D I should have liked to 考点考点 6 6 ifif only only wish wish asas if asif as thoughthough 引导从句 引导从句 与过去事实相反 与过去事实相反 hadhad donedone 精品文档 3欢迎下载 与现在事实相反 动词过去式 与现在事实相反 动词过去式 与将来事实相反 与将来事实相反 could wouldcould would dodo 1 If only I play the guitar as well as you 2006 A would B could C should D might 2 He talks on and on as if he would never end 考点考点 7 7 wouldwould rather soonerrather sooner 从句中从句中 使用一般过去式或过去完成式使用一般过去式或过去完成式 分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟 分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟 1 The manager would rather his daughter in the same office now A had not worked B not to work C does not work D did not work 考点考点 8 8 OnOn conditioncondition that that lest lest forfor fearfear that shouldthat should 原形动词 原形动词 1 He asked me to lend him some money which I agreed to do that he paid me back the following week 2005 A on occasion B on purpose C on condition D only if 注 On condition that 是 只有 条件是 的意思 可以使用虚拟语气 也可以不用 I ll come on condition that John is invited They agree to lend him the car on condition he should return it in a week 2 lest 以免 e g tiptoed lest the guard should hear her anxious lest he become ill 考点考点 9 9 butbut forfor 1 your timely advice I would never have known how to go about the work 1994 A Unless B But for C Except for D Not for 考点考点 1010 让步状语从句 让步状语从句 WhetherWhether hehe bebe richrich oror poor poor I I llll marrymarry him him 1 I ll marry him all the same 2004 A Was he rich or poor B Whether rich or poor C Were he rich or poor D Be he rich or poor 2 Whether my brother right or wrong he will have my unwavering support 2001 A Is B Were C Be D Would be 语法考点之二语法考点之二 情态动词 情态动词 情态动词 will 愿意 shall 将 must 必须 can may would should 应该 might could ought to used to 过去常常 need 需要 dare 竟敢 have to 不得不 考试中 情态动词部分重点测试以下内容 考试中 情态动词部分重点测试以下内容 1 情态动词 行为动词完成式 表示推测 2 某些情态动词的特殊用法 精品文档 4欢迎下载 考点考点 1 1 情态动词 情态动词 havehave 过去分词结构表示推测 过去分词结构表示推测 1 1 mustmust havehave v edv ed 表示推测过去某事表示推测过去某事 一定一定 发生了 否定形式为 发生了 否定形式为 cancan t t couldncouldn t t havehave v ed v ed 表示过表示过 去不可能发生某事 去不可能发生某事 1 Which of the following sentences expresses probability 2008 A You must leave immediately B You must be feeling rather tired C You must be here by eight o clock D You must complete the reading assignment on time 2 He the 8 20 bus because he didn t leave home till 8 25 1994 A couldn t have caught B ought to have caught C shouldn t have caught D must not have caught 2 2 couldcould havehave v edv ed 表示推测过去某动作表示推测过去某动作 很可能很可能 发生了 发生了 3 3 maymay mightmight havehave v edv ed 表示推测过去某事表示推测过去某事 也许也许 发生了发生了 1 He unwisely but he was at least trying to do something helpful 1999 A may have acted B must have acted C should act D would act 4 4 oughtought toto shouldshould havehave v edv ed 和和 oughtought notnot toto shouldnshouldn t t havehave v edv ed 用于对已发生的情况表示用于对已发生的情况表示 责备责备 不满不满 分别表示 分别表示 本应该本应该 和和 本不应该本不应该 1 Aren t you tired I you had done enough for today 2009 A should have thought B must have thought C might have thought D could have thought 5 5 neednneedn t t havehave v edv ed 表示过去做了某事 但没有做的必要 表示过去做了某事 但没有做的必要 意为意为 本没必要本没必要 1 You Jim anything about it It was none of his business 1998 A needn t have told B needn t tell C mustn t have told D mustn t tell 2 As it turned out to be a small house party we so formally 1996 A need not have dressed up B must not have dressed up C did not need to dress up D must not dress up 注意 注意 diddid notnot needneed toto dodo 动作并没发生 例 动作并没发生 例 I I didndidn t t needneed toto getget upup early early soso I I gotgot upup untiluntil 9 9 a m a m 考点考点 2 2 特殊用法特殊用法 1 1 can tcan t 不可能不可能 表推测 表推测 maymay notnot 可能不可能不 表推测 表推测 mustnmustn t t must must not not 不要不要 禁止禁止 usedused notnot usednusedn t t toto 或或 didndidn t t useuse toto 过去不过去不 2 2 shouldshould 表示惊讶表示惊讶 1 I am surprised this city is a dull place to live in 2006 A that you should think B by what you are thinking C that you would think D with what you were thinking 2 We consider he should have left without telling anyone beforehand 2009 A strange why B it strange what 精品文档 5欢迎下载 C it strange that D that strange 3 3 用于过去式中 用于过去式中 cancan 常表示能过做某事 但事实不一定去做 常表示能过做某事 但事实不一定去做 bebe ableable toto 则表示能做某事并且已经做则表示能做某事并且已经做 了 了 1 I went there in 1984 and that was the only occasion when I the journey in exactly two days 2005 A must take B must have made C was able to make D could make 4 4 CanCan t t butbut V V 表示不得不 与表示不得不 与 havehave toto 同义 同义 CanCan t t helphelp Ving Ving 忍不住 忍不住 5 5 cannotcannot tootoo enoughenough 表示表示 无论怎么无论怎么 也不算过分也不算过分 越越 越好越好 6 6 may may mightmight asas wellwell 动词原形动词原形 意为意为 最好 满可以 倒不如最好 满可以 倒不如 相当于 相当于 hadhad betterbetter I mI m readyready soso I I mightmight asas wellwell gogo nownow 7 7 maymay wellwell 动词原形动词原形 意为 意为 完全 能 很可能 完全 能 很可能 HeHe maymay wellwell bebe proudproud ofof hishis son son 他大可他大可 为儿子高兴为儿子高兴 8 8 maymay asas wellwell asas 还是还是 好了好了 e g e g YouYou maymay asas wellwell asas givegive himhim thethe letter letter 语法考点之三语法考点之三 非谓语动词 非谓语动词 考点考点 1 1 不定式 不定式 近几年考的不多 以前的考点基本集中在 近几年考的不多 以前的考点基本集中在 1 1 考察哪些动词接不定式 考察哪些动词接不定式 2 2 考察哪些短语接不带考察哪些短语接不带 toto 的不定式 的不定式 1 1 cancan t t help choosehelp choose butbut dodo 不得不不得不 只能只能 不禁不禁 2 2 whywhy notnot dodo sthsth 1 him tomorrow 2001 A Why not to call on B Why don t call on C Why not calling on D Why not call on 3 3 wouldwould dodo ratherrather thanthan dodo 1 She said she would work it out herself ask me for help 1993 A and not to B but not C and prefer not D rather than 3 3 考察短语考察短语 be be believed saidbelieved said toto dodo sth sth 的用法 的用法 1 The Minister of Finance is believed of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue 2004 A that he is thinking B to be thinking C that he is to think D to think 2 AIDS is said the number one killer of both men and women over the past few years in the region 2002 A being B to be C to have been D having been 3 Professor Johnson is said some significant advance in his research in the past year 1999 A having made B making C to have made D to make 4 4 考察动词不定时的时态和语态 考察动词不定时的时态和语态 精品文档 6欢迎下载 进行式进行式 toto bebe doing doing 完成式完成式 toto havehave done done 一般式被动语态一般式被动语态 toto bebe done done 完成式被动语态完成式被动语态 toto havehave beenbeen donedone 另外 不定式短语有将来时的意思 另外 不定式短语有将来时的意思 考点考点 2 2 动名词 动名词 1 1 常接动名词做宾语的词 常接动名词做宾语的词 mind mind 介意介意 miss miss 逃过逃过 mention mention 提及提及 prevent prevent postpone postpone practice practice risk risk 冒险冒险 resist resist 抵制抵制 consider consider 考虑考虑 admit admit 承认承认 avoid avoid 避免避免 appreciate appreciate 感激感激 fancy fancy 幻想幻想 finish finish 完成完成 feelfeel like like 喜欢喜欢 escape escape 逃脱逃脱 ensure ensure 确保确保 delay delay 延迟延迟 deny deny 否否 认认 resent resent detest detest imagine imagine 想象想象 suggest suggest 建议建议 1 In international matches prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid 1996 A from being beaten B being beaten C beating D to be beaten 2 He resented to wait He expected the minister him at once 1995 A to be asked to see B being asked to see C to be asked seeing D being asked seeing 3 I never regretted offer for it was not where my interest lay 1993 A not to accept B not having accepted C having not accepted D not accepting b 选项表示的是对已经发生事件的陈述 指示某一次特殊的情况 d 选项表示的是一般性的情况 不特指某一次特殊的情况 2 2 介词后的 介词后的 inging prevent stop keepprevent stop keep sbsb sth sth fromfrom doingdoing 阻止阻止 做做 spend wastespend waste timetime money money inin doingdoing 在做在做 方面方面 花钱 浪费时间或金钱 花钱 浪费时间或金钱 howhow what what aboutabout doingdoing sthsth 做做 怎么样了 怎么样了 HaveHave somesome difficulty troubledifficulty trouble inin doingdoing 在在 方面有些困难 方面有些困难 ThereThere isis nono sensesense inin doingdoing 做做 是没有理由的是没有理由的 ThankThank admireadmire praise blame praise blame scold scold punishpunish sbsb forfor doingdoing sthsth 因做某事而感谢 羡慕 表扬 责备 惩罚某人因做某事而感谢 羡慕 表扬 责备 惩罚某人 1 What a nice day How about the three of us a walk in the park nearby 2009 A to take B take C taking D to be taking 2 Though her father never approved of to drama school she became a well known actress 1991 A goingB her to go C her going D her go 3 3 接动名词做介词 接动名词做介词 toto 的宾语 的宾语 applyapply oneselfoneself toto 致力于 致力于 bebe accustomedaccustomed toto 习惯于 习惯于 confessconfess toto 供认 供认 comecome toto 谈到 谈到 devotedevote oneselfoneself toto 献身于 献身于 getget downdown toto 着手做 着手做 givegive wayway toto 对对 让步 让步 leadlead toto 导致 导致 looklook forwardforward toto 期待 期待 nextnext toto 几乎 几乎 objectobject toto 反对 反对 paypay attentionattention toto 注意 注意 stickstick toto 坚持 坚持 standstand upup toto 勇敢面对 勇敢面对 turnturn toto 求求 助于 助于 bebe usedused toto 习惯于习惯于 1 What s the chance of a general election this year 2005 A there being B there to be C there be D there going to be 2 The meeting was put off because we a meeting without John 2005 A objected having B were objected to having C objected to have D objected to having 精品文档 7欢迎下载 考点考点 3 3 分词 分词 1 1 从从语语态态上上看看 现现在在分分词词一一般般表表主主动动 过过去去分分词词一一般般表表被被动动 2 2 从从时时态态上上看看 现现在在分分词词表表示示进进行行 过过去去分分词词表表示示过过去去 如如果果分分词词动动作作发发生生在在句句子子谓谓语语动动词词动动作作之之前前 分分词词用用完完成成时时 3 3 现现在在分词的否定形式是分词的否定形式是 notnot 放在分词之前 放在分词之前 非谓语动词解题三步曲非谓语动词解题三步曲 一 首先确定主句 一 首先确定主句 二 分析主动被动 二 分析主动被动 三 分析动作先后三 分析动作先后 1 should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work 2010 A To be not tall B Not being tall C Being not tall D Not to be tall 2 The man preparing the documents is the firm s lawyer has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT 2009 A the man who has prepared the documents B the man who has been preparing the documents C the man who is preparing the documents D the man who will prepare the documents 3 at in this way the situation does not seem so desperate 2000 A Looking B looked C Being looked D to look 4 If not with the respect he feels due to him Jack gets very ill tempered and grumbles all the time 2004 A being treated B treated C be treated D having been treated 5 he can now only watch it on TV at home 1998 A Obtaining not a ticket for the match B Not obtaining a ticket for the match C Not having obtained a ticket for the match D Not obtained a ticket for the match 6 He wasn t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society insufficiently poplar with all members 1996 A having considered B was considered C was being considered D being considered 7 He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field Then to his astonishment he saw a rope ladder out and three men climbing down it 1995 A throwing B being thrown C having thrown D having been thrown 8 This missile is designed so that once nothing can be done to retrieve it 1995 A fired B being fired C they fired D having fired 考点考点 4 4 独立主格 独立主格 句中没有连接词 句中没有连接词 精品文档 8欢迎下载 逗号分开两个句子 逗号分开两个句子 存在两个主语 存在两个主语 形式 名词形式 名词 代词 分词 代词 分词 1 1 分词短语作状语时 有自己独立的逻辑上的分词短语作状语时 有自己独立的逻辑上的 主语主语 相当于各种形式的状语 表示一种伴随的动作 相当于各种形式的状语 表示一种伴随的动作 情况或表原因情况或表原因 2 2 介词 介词 withwith 名词名词 形容词形容词 副词副词 分词 表示伴随行动做或补充说明分词 表示伴随行动做或补充说明 1 Agriculture is the country s chief source of wealth wheat by far the biggest cereal crop 2003 A is B been C be D being 2 Time the celebration will be held as scheduled 2003 A permit B permitting C permitted D permits 3 There nothing more for discussion the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier 2000 A to be B to have been C being D be 4 no cause for alarm the old man went back to his bedroom 1996 A There was B Since C Being D There being 5 The country s chief exports are coal cars and cotton goods cars the most important of these 1994 A have been B are C being D are being 6 The tape recorder out of order the students did not know what to do 1990 A was B Being C has been D was being 语法考点之四语法考点之四 定语从句 定语从句 关系代词 关系代词 whichwhich 指 指 sthsth 作主语或宾语 作主语或宾语 thatthat 指 指 sbsb 或或 sthsth 作主语或宾语 作主语或宾语 whowho 指 指 sbsb 作主语或宾语 作主语或宾语 whomwhom 指 指 sbsb 作宾语 作宾语 whosewhose 指 指 sbsb 或或 sthsth 作定语 作定语 as as 指 指 sb sthsb sth 作主语或宾语 作主语或宾语 做宾语的时候 做宾语的时候 关系代词可以省略 关系代词可以省略 关系副词 关系副词 whenwhen 指时间 指时间 onon whichwhich wherewhere 指地点 指地点 atat whichwhich whywhy 指原因 指原因 forfor whichwhich 考点考点 1 1 先行词为人时引导词先行词为人时引导词 whowho 和和 thatthat 1 1 只能用只能用 whowho 不用不用 thatthat 1 1 当先行词为当先行词为 one s one s anyone anyone thosethose 时 时 2 2 当先行词为人称代词时 当先行词为人称代词时 2 2 只能用只能用 thatthat 不用不用 whowho 1 1 当主句已经出现当主句已经出现 whowho 时 时 2 2 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时 1 He is quite worn out from years of hard work He is not the man he was twenty years ago 2003 A which B that C who D whom 精品文档 9欢迎下载 考点考点 2 2 先行词为物时引导词先行词为物时引导词 thatthat 和和 whichwhich 1 1 只能用只能用 thatthat 不用不用 whichwhich 1 1 先行词为先行词为 much much little little few few nothing nothing none none anything anything no no allall 等不定代词 等不定代词 2 2 先行词既有人又有物 先行词既有人又有物 3 3 先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰 先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰 4 4 先行词被 先行词被 thethe very very thethe only only thethe last last just just all all any any every every nono 等修饰 等修饰 5 5 关系代词在从句中作表语 关系代词在从句中作表语 6 6 在疑问词在疑问词 whowho whichwhich whatwhat 开头的句子中 开头的句子中 7 7 主句是主句是 therethere bebe 句型 句型 1 I was very interested in she told me 2009 A all that B all which C all what D That 2 There is no one in the world 1991 A that ever made mistakes B that has ever made mistakes C that never makes mistakes D that sometimes makes mistakes 2 2 只能用只能用 whichwhich 不用不用 that that 1 1 定语从句中的介词前置时关系代词只能用定语从句中的介词前置时关系代词只能用 which which We depend on the land from which we get our food 2 2 引导非限制性定语从句时只能用引导非限制性定语从句时只能用 which which 其先行词可是一个词其先行词可是一个词 也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分 也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分 1 They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time is something we had not expected 2003 A which B it C that D what 2 We ve just installed two air conditioners in our apartment should make great differences in our life next summer 2002 A which B what C that D They 考点考点 3 3 介词 介词 关系代词关系代词 which which whom whom 1 1 关系代词前介词的确定方法 定语从句的动词与先行词的逻辑关系 或者从句的动词 形容词的习惯关系代词前介词的确定方法 定语从句的动词与先行词的逻辑关系 或者从句的动词 形容词的习惯 性搭配 性搭配 1 The party I was the guest of honour was extremely enjoyable 2006 A by which B for which C to which D at which 2 I ve never been to Lhasa but that s the city 1999 A I d most like to visit B which I like to visit mostly C where I like to visit D I d like much to visit 3 I have never been to London but that is the city 1997 A where I like to visit most B I d most like to visit C which I like to visit mostly D where I d like most to visit 2 2 WhoseWhose 从句从句 精品文档 10欢迎下载 1 Above the trees are the hills magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface 2003 A where B of whose C whose D which 考点考点 4 4 关系副词的运用 关系副词的运用 先行词为先行词为 时间的名词时间的名词 用用 whenwhen 1 She remembered seve