辽宁中医药大学--药植名词解释(英)

1 Annual ring 年轮 the early wood and late wood arise alternate in a year formed 2 Pharmaceutical botany pharmaceutical botany is utilizing common botany knowledge and method to study plants that possesses prevention and cure illness as well as health protection function 3 Phloem ray 韧皮射线 the seondary ray located in phloem called phloem ray two parts of this is terned vascular ray 维管射线 4 Dorsi ventral leaf 两面叶 the lamina 叶片 has distinctions in appearance and structure between upper and lower surfaces and characteristic reticulate venation of dicotyls 双子叶植 物 5 Multiple epidermis 复表皮 most species epidermis is only one layer cell but few species can be several layer cells termed multiple epidermis 6 Rhytidome 落皮层 the older periderm 周皮 and inner dead tissue compound body separated by new periderm is called rhytidome 7 Early wood 早材 in spring the large thin wall xylem 木质部 ducting 导管 cell are formed called early wood 8 Late wood in autumn the small thickened wall xylem ducting cells are formed called 9 Heart wood 心材 central part of xylem color heavy hard contain many metabolish products 10 Sap wood 心材 outside part of xylem color light soft conducting function 11 Intra fascicular cambium 束中形成层 between the xylem and phloem 韧皮部 groups the vascular bundles include a region of potentially meristematic 分生细胞 cells formed 12 Medullary ray 髓射线 it is called primary ray also a tissue region between vascular bundles 维管束 it connects the cortex 皮质 and pith 髓 in primary stems consisting of parenchyma it mainly cross transmission and storage 13 root skin in botany root skin is periderm in pharmaceutical botany root skin is outer part of cambium 形成层 include phloem and periderm 周皮 14 secondary ray 次生射线 when the cambium active it divedes some parenchyma at some position and radial arrangement the cells are showing radial lengthen cross in secondary vascular tissue 15 xylem ray 木射线 the secondary ray located in xylem called 16 Phloem ray 韧皮射线 the secondary ray located in phloem called 17 pericycle 中柱鞘 the external layer of the vascular cylinder 维管柱 is the pericycle adjacent to the endoderm 内皮层 18 endogenous 内生源 lateral roots arise in the deeper tissue of root origin from pericycle termed endogenous 19 radial vascular bundle 辐射性维管束 location between the xylem angles arranged in alternate manner it is termed 20 exarch 外始式 proxylem 原木质部 groups located the outside of primary xylem termed 21 casparian strip 凯氏带 the 2 radial and 2 end walls are showing strip shape thickened on the inner surface of cell wall termed 22 casparian dot 凯氏点 in transverse section the casparian strip is showing like dot on radial walls termed 20 Passage cell 通道细胞 usually we can find without casparian strip thickened endodermis cells that located opposite the xylem the cells are called 21 organ the part of plant body that possesses certainly outer shape and inner structure and composed of several tissues carry out a same physiological function is termed panion cell occurring side of the sieve cell small slender cell cytoplasm abundant retain nucleus after maturity contact with sieve tubes 23 crystal fiber the parenchyma 薄壁组织 cells contain crystal that surrounded the fiber bundle 24 Phellem cork layer 木栓层 outer layer is phellem arranged in radial raw 25 phellogen cork cambium 木栓形成层 middle layer is only 1 layer cell 26 phelloderm green cork 栓内层 inner layer is phelloderm indistinct with cortical parenchyma in stem usually contain chloroplast termed the green cortex 27 lenticels 皮孔 under the stoma the periderm 周皮 broken 28 filled cell the phellogen divided many parenchyma cells into outer of it they are loosely arrangement no suberization 栓化 termed 29 stomata the is composed of 2 guard cells and a pore 孔 in dicotyledonous 双子叶植物 30 guard cell specialized epidermal 表皮 cells that surrounded pore are called 31 accessory cell in conjunction with the guard cells outer adjacent and distinctive epidermal cells may assist in opening and closing the pore these are known as 32 glandular hair 腺毛 the comprise those whose terminal cell or cells are modified into a more or less globular gland for gummy resinous or oily deposits 33 differentiation 分化 the process of the growth and morpho physiological specialization of the cells produced by the meristems is called 34 tissue each group of cells similar in source structure and function is called 35 plasmodesmata 胞间连丝 the connect the protoplasts of neighboring cells they are present almost in all living cells of higher plants 36 pits 纹孔 certain position of the cell wall remain thin even as the secondary wall is formed and they therefore consist only of primary wall and middle layer 37 pit pair generally each pit has a complementary pit exactly opposite it in the wall of the neighboring cell such pits from a morphological and functional unit called 38 pit cavity 纹孔腔 the cavity formed by the break the secondary wall is called 39 pit aperture 纹孔口 the opening of the pit on the inner side of the cell wall i e on that side facing the lumen of the cell is called 40 torus 纹孔塞 in some plants there are bordered pit pairs in which the pit membrane is thickened in its central portion this thickening which is of a primary nature is disc shaped and is termed 41 bordered pit 具缘纹孔 the main characteristic of bordered pits is that the secondary wall develops over the pit cavity to form an overarching roof with a narrow pore in its center 42 middle lamella 胞间层 the is the cement that holds the individual cells together to form the tissues and it is found between the primary cell walls of neighboring cells it is an amorphous substance 43 primary wall in the process of cell growth the pectin 果胶质 cellulose 纤维素 and hemicellulose 半纤维素 etc Substance secrete by protoplasts active add and fill them on the inner surface of the middle lamella forming the 44 secondary wall the is added on the inner surface of the primary wall after the cell stop growth main elements are cellulose hemicellulose and less lignin 木质素 45 hilum 脐点 starch grains commonly show layering around a point termed The layers are termed annular striation lamellae 层纹 46 cell sap 细胞液 tonoplast is vital protoplast and inner fluid content of it is termed 47 organelle 细胞器 a membrane enclosed different specific structure in the cytoplasm everyone possesses specific function to the life of the cell 48 cytoplasm 细胞质 the basis comprises part of the protoplast between cell wall with nucleus 49 centroplasm 中质 the position that between 2 membrane is termed 50 protoplast 原生质体 the all living part of a cell in a plant cell this includes the cytoplasm nucleus cell membrane plastid 质体 golgi body ribosome 核糖体 lysosome 溶酶体 etc organelles 51 sexual reproduction 有性生殖 the formation of new individual of a species by the fusion 融合 of two normally haploid gametes 合子 to form a diploid zygote is called 52 asexual reproduction 无性生殖 the formation of new individuals from the parent without the fusion of gametes is called 53 spore 孢子 spore is usually a simple asexual unicellular reproductive unit produced by the sporophyte 孢子体 generation following meiosis and are thus usually haploid 单倍体 54 gametophyte 配子体 the gametophyte can produce gamete 配子 usually is haploid generation in the life cycle of a plant 55 gamete 配子 the gamete is a cell or nucleus that may participate in sexual fusion to form a zygote 受精卵 56 sporophyte 孢子体 the sporophyte is an individual of the diploid 二倍的 generation in the life cycle of a plant 57 life cycle 生活史 in algae and other plants there are the series of events from the production of gametes in one generation to the same stage in the subsequent generation the process is called 58 alternation of generation 世代交替 in most plants it usually includes an asexual and a sexual phase resulting in alternating diploid and haploid individuals on the life cycle the process is called alternation of generation 59 isogamy 同配 the 2 gametes show similar in sha