新视野B4U1ppt课件.ppt

Loveandlogic Thestoryofafallacy Unit1SectionA Objectives SectionALoveandlogic Thestoryofafallacy Warming upActivities TextStudy LanguageAppreciation Summary Warming upActivities TrueorFalse Thefollowingaresomestatementstotestyourreasoningability Tellwhethertheconclusionsaftertheword Therefore aretrue T false F oruncertain U Writeyouransweronthelinebeforeeachstatement 1 Alloddnumbersareintegers 整数 Allevennumbersareintegers Therefore alloddnumbersareevennumbers 2 Therearenodancersthataren tslimandnosingersthataren tdancers Therefore allsingersareslim 3 Atoothpick 牙签 isuseful Usefulthingsarevaluable Therefore atoothpickisvaluable 4 Threepencilscostthesameastwoerasers Foureraserscostthesameasoneruler Therefore pencilsaremoreexpensivethanrulers 5 ClassAhasahigherenrollmentthanClassB ClassChasalowerenrollmentthanClassB Therefore ClassAhasalowerenrollmentthanClassC F T T F F Warming upActivities 6 Afruitbasketcontainsmoreapplesthanlemons Therearemorelemonsinthebasketthanoranges Therefore thebasketcontainsmoreapplesthanoranges 7 Takingthetrainacrosstownisquickerthantakingthebus Takingthebusacrosstownisslowerthandrivingacar Therefore takingthetrainacrosstownisquickerthandrivingacar 8 AllthetulipsinZoe sgardenarewhite AlltherosesinZoe sgardenareyellow Therefore alltheflowersinZoe sgardenareeitherwhiteoryellow T U U Warming upActivities Lead in 1 Whyisitimportanttodeveloplogicalreasoningskills Reasoningskillsdealwiththeprocessofgettingfromaproblemtoasolutionoraconclusion Byimprovingyourreasoningskills youcanimproveyoursuccessindoingthings Specifically strongreasoningskillscanhelpyouto improvethequalityandvalidityofyourownarguments improveyourabilitytoassessthequalityandvalidityofothers arguments makemorelogicaldecisions solveproblemsmoreefficientlyandeffectively Lead in 2 Doyouthinkitispossibletodealwithlifeinacompletelyrationalandlogicalway Whenitcomestomakingachoice manypeopletendtouserationalandlogicalreasoning Malesaremorerationalthanfemales Rationalworldisnotnecessarilyawonderfulone Rationalindividualscanmakechoicesthatarebadnewsforothers Itisridiculoustodealwithloveinalogicalway SectionALoveandlogic Thestoryofafallacy TextStudy GlobalUnderstanding DetailedUnderstanding Readthewholepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions TextStudy Globalunderstanding Task1 Globalunderstandingofthestructure 1 Whattypeofpassageisit Narration 2 Whatpartsareincludedinthistypeofpassage Pleasefindoutthesepartsinthispassage Apieceofnarrationshouldincludefivebasicelementsofplotstructure exposition risingaction turningpoint fallingactionandresolution TextStudy Globalunderstanding Task1 1 WhatdidthenarratordowithhisroommateRob Para 1 Readthetextagainandanswerthefollowingquestions Detailedunderstandingofthetext TextStudy Detailedunderstanding Task1 2 WhydoesthenarratorwanttohavePollyashisgirlfriend Paras 2 3 TextStudy Detailedunderstanding 3 WhenthenarratorandPollyhavetheirfirstdate thenarratorsaysthatwhathehasgotinmindisalittleeccentric Why Paras 4 5 TextStudy Detailedunderstanding 4 WhydoesthenarratordecidetoteachPollylogic Para 7 TextStudy Detailedunderstanding 5 WhatisDictoSimpliciter Giveanexample Paras 9 11 TextStudy Detailedunderstanding 6 WhatisHastyGeneralization Giveanexample Paras 12 15 TextStudy Detailedunderstanding 7 WhatisAdMisericordiam Giveanexample Paras 16 21 TextStudy Detailedunderstanding 8 WhatisFalseAnalogy Giveanexample Paras 22 25 TextStudy Detailedunderstanding 9 IsthenarratorsuccessfulinteachingPollylogic Howdoyouknow 26 37 TextStudy Detailedunderstanding 10 Whathappenedatlast Paras 38 43 TextStudy Detailedunderstanding Theauthorsetsthesceneofthestorybyprovidinginformationaboutthefour wh words who where what andwhy Who referstothenarrator hisroommateRob andthebeautifulgirlPolly Where refersto What and why refertowhattodoandwhytodoit ThenarratordecidestomakePolly becauseasapromisinglybrilliantlawyer hewantstohaveagirlfriendwhoisnotonlybeautifulbutalsointelligent PartI Paras 1 3 acollegecampus well spoken ThenarratortriestohelpPollybecomesmarterbygivingherlessonsinlogic AltogetherhespendsfivenightsteachingPollyfourlogical namely DictoSimpliciter AdMisericordiam PartII Paras 4 25 fallacies HastyGeneralization FalseAnalogy Whenaskedtobethenarrator sgirlfriend PollyrefuteshisargumentswiththeexacttaughtbyhimandrefusesbymakingthatsheisdatingthenarratorsimplybecauseitisatricksheandRobhavedecidedtoplayonhiminordertogethis PartIII Paras 26 43 logicalfallacies fulldisclosure leatherjacket LanguageAppreciation Translation 这四位好友约好每年拍一张合影 reachanagreement约好 达成协议 Thefourfriendsmadeapacttotakeapicturetogethereachyear 1 makeapact Para 1 LanguageAppreciation Translation 他将给我们3 000美元以获得我们的帮助 givingonethingandreceivinganother esp ofthesametypeorvalue inreturn作为 对 的 交换 或替代 Inexchangeforourhelp he llgiveus 3 000 2 inexchangefor Para 1 LanguageAppreciation Translation 他的谈判技巧使他赢得了精明商人的名声 1 abletojudgepeopleandsituationsverywellandmakegooddecisions 人 精明的 机敏的 2 welljudgedandlikelytoberight 决定和判断 准确的 英明的 3 shrewd a Para 1 Hisskillinnegotiatingearnedhimareputationasashrewdbusinessman Translation 他继承了一大笔钱 然后又通过正确的投资使之得到升值 Heinheritedaconsiderablefortuneandthenincreaseditbyshrewdinvestments LanguageAppreciation Translation 汤姆刚又买了辆新车 他一定很有钱 infml rich orhavingenoughmoneytolivewell富裕的 有钱的 Tomhasjustboughtanothernewcar hemustbeverywell off 4 well off a Para 2 LanguageAppreciation Translation 和大多数其他精英大学一样 斯坦福大学的学生群体也越来越多元化 a oforrelatingtothebestormostskillfulpeopleinagroup精英的 精锐的 n C agroupofpeoplewhohavealotofpowerandinfluencebecausetheyhavemoney knowledge orspecialskills 社会 精英 上层人士 5 elite Para 2 Stanford likemostothereliteuniversities hasanincreasinglydiversestudentbody Translation 就读斯坦福大学后 他觉得自己是精英分子中的一员了 AfterheattendedStanfordUniversity heconsideredhimselftobeoneofelite LanguageAppreciation Translation 新娘看上去满面春风 1 fullofhappinessandlove inawaythatshowsinyourfaceandmakesyoulookattractive容光焕发的 喜悦的 2 verybright灿烂的 明亮的 6 radiant a Para 2 Thebridelookedradiant Translation 湛蓝的天空阳光灿烂 Thesunwasradiantinaclearbluesky LanguageAppreciation Translation 巴黎是法国首都 也是法国最大的城市 坐落于塞纳河畔 be inaparticularplace located位于 坐落于 ParisisthecapitalandthelargestcityofFrance situatedontheRiverSeine 7 situated a Para 4 LanguageAppreciation Translation 夜光中大楼颜色十分明亮 好像在闪烁发光 1 verybright很明亮的 灿烂的 2 shininginthedark发光的 夜明的 8 luminous a Para 4 Intheeveninglightthecolorofthebuildingwassoluminousthatitseemedtoshimmer Translation 我闹钟上的指针是发光的 在黑暗中我也能看时间 Thehandsonmyalarmclockareluminous soIcanseewhattimeitisinthedark LanguageAppreciation Translation 这些数据太模糊 太简单 所以可能会歪曲国家的总体经济状况 1 changesth suchasinformationsothatitisnolongertrueoraccurate歪曲 曲解 2 changethewaysth looks sounds orbehavessothatitbecomesstrangeordifficulttorecognize 使变形 使失真 使反常 9 distort vt Para 7 Thestatisticsarevagueandoversimplified andthusmaydistortthestate soveralleconomicpicture Translation 他的声音从喇叭里传出来好像失真了 Theloudspeakerseemedtodistorthisvoice LanguageAppreciation Translation 调查者感到困惑 他们不知道这是一起意外事故 还是自杀 或者谋杀 usu passive beunabletofindananswerorthinkofareplytoaquestionorpeoblem使困惑 难倒 Investigatorsarestumped Theydon tknowwhetherthiswasanaccident asuicide oramurder 10 stump v Para 11 LanguageAppreciation Translation 他们将选定举行婚礼的日子 chooseaparticulardayforsth 为 定日期 Theywillsetadateforthewedding 11 setadatefor Para 15 LanguageAppreciation Translation 我们试图唤起他们的同情 但没有用 他们仍然没给我们任何帮助 1 trytogetsb todooracceptsth Bymakingthemthinkitisasensibleorfairthingtodo诉诸 唤起 2 haveacharacterthatmakesaparticularpersoninterested attract吸引 感染 12 appealto Para 20 We vetriedtoappealtotheircompassion butitisjustnotworking Theystilldidn tgiveusanyhelp Translation 虽然没有退休金 但这份工作仍然吸引了她 因为有医疗福利 Thoughtherewasnopension thejobappealedtoherbecauseitprovidedhealthbenefits LanguageAppreciation Translation 把汽车和飞机进行类比是很难的 makeacomparisonbetween sth andsth else 在 之间作类比 It sdifficulttomakeananalogybetweencarsandairplanes 13 make drawananalogybetween Para 24 LanguageAppreciation Translation 不要企图把一个和警察激烈作对的人塑造成英雄 changeapersonorthingintosth else使 变成 Don ttrytomakeaherooutofamanwhoviolentlyconfrontedthepolice 14 makesth outofsb sth Para 26 LanguageAppreciation Translation 用新方法处理税收及福利问题的时候已经到来 Itistimeforsth 该是 的时候了 Thetimehascomeforanewwayofdealingwiththetaxandbenefitissues 15 Thetimehascomeforsth Para 26 LanguageAppreciation Translation 太阳能就是把太阳的能量转化为热与电 theprocessofchangingsth fromoneform purpose orsystemtoanother转变 改造 转换 Solarpoweristheconversionofthesun senergyintoheatandelectricity 16 conversion n C U Para 26 LanguageAppreciation Translation 他希望有一天能刷新世界纪录 beevenbetterorgreaterthansb orsth else超过 胜过 Hehopesonedaytosurpasstheworldrecord 17 surpass vt Para 31 LanguageAppreciation Translation 经理和他的团队讨论了策略问题 aparticularmethodorplanforachievingsth 方法 策略 手法 Themanagerdiscussedtacticswithhisteam 18 tactic n C usu pl Para 33 LanguageAppreciation Translation 他觉察到他们的欢迎有点冷淡 1 fml noticesth esp afterthinkingaboutitcarefullyorstudyingit 尤指仔细思考或研究之后 看出 觉察出 辨明2 seeorhearsth esp sth thatisfarawayornotveryclear看到 听到 辨认出 Hediscernedacertaincoldnessintheirwelcome 19 discern vt Para 36 LanguageAppreciation Translation 他所有的希望开始化为泡影 vi stopexistingorbeingeffective崩溃