高中英语阅读之猜词技巧公开课.ppt

英语高考阅读理解解题策略之 猜测词义题 1 要求考生读懂书 报 杂志 网络中关于一般性话题的短文以及公告 说明 广告等 并能从中获取相关信息 考生应能 理解主旨要义 理解文中具体信息 根据上下文推断生词的词义 作出判断和推理 理解文章的基本结构 理解作者的意图 观点和态度 2012年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 2 Theword address inthesecondlineprobablymeans 2011辽宁 Theunderlinedword it inthesecondparagraphrefersto 2011福建 By wewereallbesideourselves thewritermeansthattheyall 2011浙江 Theunderlinedword spin off inParagraph4probablyrefersto 2011江西 对考纲内熟词新义的猜测 对代词的猜测 猜测词义题目类型 对句义的猜测 对考纲外生词的猜测 3 常见的猜测词义题设问方式 1 Theunderlinedwordisclosestinmeaningtotheword 2011广东等 2 Wecanlearnfromtheunderlinedpart that 06辽宁 3 Theunderlinedword it inparagraph refersto 2011湖南 福建等 4 Bysaying theauthormeanstosaythat th 2011浙江 5 Theunderlinedsentencein paragraphimplies refersto means 2011江西 天津等 4 Usefulstrategies猜词技巧 StrategyI Commonsense常识 1 Birdsflywiththeirwings andtheypickuptheirfoods andtheneatthemwiththeirbeaksandtheyusetheirclawsfortearing seizing pullingorholdingobjects 2 Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecold beak heremeans wither refersto abird smouth dryupanddie 5 真题演练 福建卷 RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming Thephrase moppingup intheparagraphmeans A cleaningupB takinginC wipingoutD givingout 6 真题演练 Thepromisewasthatyoucoulduselesschemicalsandboostproduction Butneitheristrue saidBillChristison 2011陕西 Whatdoestheunderlinedword boost probablymean A controlB evaluateC obtainD increase 7 StrategyII Languagecontext LogicalConnection 根据上下文 语境解释作出判断2 利用逻辑关系进行判断 8 一 根据上下文 语境解释做出判断 其方法主要有 1 根据文中的定义 解释猜生词 例如 Barometersareusedtomeasurethepressureoftheairinordertohelpjudgeprobablechangesintheweatherortohelpcalculatetheheightabovesealevel 2 利用事例或解释猜生词 例如 Thedoctorisstudyingglaucomaandotherdiseasesoftheeye 3 利用重复解释的信息猜生词 例如 Mr Smithalwaysarriveshomepunctually neitherearlynorlate 气压表 akindofdiseaseoftheeye青光眼 按时地 准时地 9 4 根据同位关系进行判断 阅读中出现一些难词 有时后面就是一个同位语 对前面的词进行解释 这种解释有时也用连词 or 连接 此外 也可根据定语从句来进行判断 a andotherGermanicandNordicpeoples whospokewhatwenowcallAnglo Saxon orOldEnglish aGermaniclanguage b The Chunnel atunnel 隧道 connectingEnglandandFrance isnowcomplete 小结 某些生词的词义往往会在下文中得到解释或说明 这些解释有时以定义 定语从句 同位语的形式出现 有时用破折号 括号 冒号 引号等符号引出或圈定的内容表示出来 有时还用thatis or thatistosay inotherwords等词语引出 10 1 Archaeologyisthestudyoftheburiedremainsofancienttimes suchashouses pots toolsandweapons 2 Theherdsman wholooksaftersheep earnsabout650yuanayear 3 Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry suchaschickens ducksandgeese fortheireggsandmeat 小试身手 考古学 牧羊人 家禽 11 Marydidn tnoticemewhenIcameintotheclassroom becauseshewascompletelyengrossedinhisreading Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers 二 LogicalConnection根据逻辑关系进行判断 根据因果关系 常见的表示因果关系的信号词有 since because for so thus consequently therefore dueto resultin asaresult forthisreason accordingly v 全神贯注 adj 独断专行的 12 AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow Hisbrother however isquitehumbleandmodest Agoodbosscanrecognizeinstantlytheadeptworkersfromtheunskilledones Mrs Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype A 活泼的B 好动的C 多嘴多舌的D 可爱的 常见表示转折 对比关系的信号词 but yet however while whereas 但是 而 otherwise inspiteof despite eventhough although though unlike instead of ratherthan ontheotherhand still by incontrast onthecontrary 根据转折对比关系 目空一切的 傲慢的 熟练的 13 Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenbeenunabletopaytheirrentandsonolongerhavearoofovertheirheads 陕西卷 Inparagraph2 aroofovertheirheads mostprobablymeans A acapB acarC ahomeD acovering 真题演练 根据因果关系 14 UnlikevitaminC leadershipskillscan tbeeasilyswalloweddown Theymustbecarefullycultivated 广东卷 Theunderlinedwordroughlymeans A encouragedB comparedC examinedD developed 真题演练 根据转折对比关系 15 StrategyIII 1 05重庆卷 It struethatlighthousewerebuiltinout of the wayplace 2 Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50 000yearsago howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife 3 Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim Word formation 合成形容词 词性变化 复合法 转化法 派生法 词的派生 16 super inter mini micro someanti co post pre ship 在 之间超易于 的极小的反对后身份 资格微小一同 一起之前 17 Howtoguessthemeaningofwords 18 仿真训练 19 Everyoneagreedthatthewomaninthephotowasgorgeous Itwaseasytoseewhyshehadwonthebeautycontest gorgeous means Theheatofsunwarmssomeoceanwater Thesurfaceofthewaterevaporates formingacloudofwarm wetairthatmovesupward evaporates means Haveatry 20 Heisaresoluteman Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething hewon tgiveituphalfway A weakB firmC kindD cleverTheoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady A 爱猫的B 古怪的C 闲不住D 动物保护主义者Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes frompenurytogreatwealth A 便士B 温饱C 非常贫困D 虚弱 21 Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity A townB capitalC countrysideD houseChildrenarealwaysboasting Theysaythingslike MyDad scarisbiggerthanyourDad s MyMomissmarterthanyours and Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours Theword boasting means A 骄傲B 吹牛C 顽皮D 幼稚 22 Aman spositionamongtheblack tentpeopledependsonhisancestors relatives andfellowtribesmen Iftheyarehonored heisalsohonored Iftheyaredisgraced hetooisdisgraced Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily hislineage 宗系 andhistribe Theword disgrace means inthistext A honorB endangerC proudD shame 23 Althoughheoftenhadthechance Mr Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture Theword jeopardize means inthistext A protectB endangerC continueD stop 24