国贸经济管理类毕业论文-铁矿石与石油卖方垄断策略之比较

?CR4WFJ0JA1 ?5z,GJkO,Ek+okMk+Ea-&kGM_k05_oYJsok+JsyagkLOJsyaBC_kG-aoN5Y,k+AMJs1m&C OPEC+Da_yaaOkwRay(4)+E-gAk6,cc$oe4EkwUUJsoE_,zoKKdBL &- 6rk Mk?CR4WFJ0JA2AbstractDuring recent years, china has been experiencing a high development period.The wastage of resource which more and more depend on importing is increasingfiercely. However, facing the international monopoly form resource market, china,as one of the largest purchaser in international resource market, obtained littlepriority in fixing the price. This thesis takes iron ore and petroleum as examples,firstly deeply analyze the international market regarding the iron ore and thepetroleum, from which information about the iron ore and the petroleum in detailcan be gained as well as the price mechanism concerning the items mentioned.Moreover, the condition for monopoly can also be discovered. Then, the approachin which the monopoly achieves its control on the price and share of the productsis discussed seriously, theory and practice are combined in the analysis. Inaddition, the same and differences are pointed out after carefully comparing theirmonopoly form and strategy through the view of market structure and gametheory. Finally, conclusions are raised base on the above analysis, meanwhile,several relevant policy advice are put forward for enhancing the capability withregard to the negotiation on the basal resources like the iron ore and thepetroleum.K key wordsL Monopoly Stackelberg equilibrium Nash equilibrium?CR4WFJ0JA3- 1 ,A . 41.1 d,+| . 41.2 -()5,F . 41.3 F9N6?y . 51.4 AMD . 52 F+|J./.#2j(6 . 62.1 F+|J./.#Ct$GG63 . 62.2 F+|J./.#5M0r(6 . 72.3 J./.#jf . 93 F+|.#2j(6 . 93.1 !W6 . 93.2 *3.#,5M0r( . 103.3 -Lujf . 114 J./.#.#1+E6 . 124.1J./.#.#1+-(.#1+2|C*H+UC-1JFCtCt$W|J . 205.5 4*6KOAChC)CWChC,3+ . 185.6 .d-Ct$2j,*0B8T.#1+E1 ,A1.1d,+|d2j0 jd2j_7AvfZ2j,+OK0,Fg0/2j44 1d2jAj_0/EjF,2j44?Xd2j:9AA,v!Zv,|j)2j,G-_nCEG,!Zvj9$W,2j-NGLl,1!v_0ZvOxGL,1!vJG-(,L!jF=+J8#W89,2j-N_X4Edv-(L$,E+L,1E0;2j,lJL0Z,d6|$!,.D0B* Q_O,dQ+a#-4#B* 1883*61d2j:vGl,jf4 1950*AF Q7*00L$A,0I_XG-7-O,;+rkY,0WF8#+0)iG-J)Y,Tucker(1950) y6XM8;dvj)8D,0WY,6 2006*J./.#,*30WJ./.#F-(iG,B8TBBsF9KD?C1.3F9N6?y 20030X-M0r,jV;J./.#l:# 18.6% 2005IW# 71.5% 2006#uj 19%-JJJ,aBCG 2002L-p*34#,5C=8L,K15:w 2005lM&j 40.365s /XZE 58.875s /#uE 46.3%F 2006 55:0D0.d 70 5s / 75 5s /TZ0Q&F 80 5s /!+9:m=:w,)A?4#,VGWL-A-_F+|:10WJ./.#F-1W.#F-)FCt$,:w6|6AJ./.# OPEC ,2|6)J./.#2j:jfF|14-p6-Lu.#2j( OPEC)-Lul,X)J./.#.#2j$!,*.p:.D0T/,d),-,?CR4WFJ0JA6,(&?lG.jf81+1yF|).D00F|k5X!*.p:*wA-X*.pCt$l:A7-,)12 F+|J./.#2j(62.1F+|J./.#Ct$GG63F+|J./Ct$5-CXB3pzZ! 2004F+|J./.#Gj 1600XG*.pj 3700XJHGj 800XG*.pj 1800XDJ./Ct$63k?LX-$?%WY5|5-M/W*1yqZJ./.#+O- 2.1)jF+|0W,J./.#+O- , - 20002005 J./.#GwKCE 10%, 2005 #u$_E 36%, 2005 -+OJ./.# 4.2 X , F+|kG, 32.4%, vJ./.#jk , 98HGA1 , IX$?%WY$?=1 , 2005 +OJ./.# 2.92 X ,F+|kG, 22.5%WY=19 , 2005 ./.#Gj 2.62 X , F+|kG, 20.2% (. 2.1). 2.1 2005F+|J./.#G63- ,32.40%$? ,22.50%WY ,20.20% ,11.31% ,13.59%?CR4WFJ0JA7n 2.1 Jsb- ./j=0 G /X ,6 /%-G-(:=J./1J%WY UY 320 91 UY( BHP($? J 300 65 $dBg (CVRD)( ,MBR($? 180 35 $dBg()Y5$?XFJ () )|R ($? )580 FJ=Z0 DG 67 29 MMTC(/W 3J 206 51 /WJ./( (IOC)QqG:D./( (QCM)5- 8YD 163 94 M-J./M0r(62.2.1 F+|J./.#5(F+|J./.#k?8$?Y%WYM 2005 *3#FJ./.#ChCGE 6.87 X , 04 5300 7X , K 8.3%?CR4WFJ0JA8 ,2005%WYJ./.#*G 2900 7X , E 2.4 X$? 2005J./.#*GK 8%, 1800 7X , E 2.19 XFJEW? QfC , J./.#+O,AA1JL , *3J./.#+O$?$dBg( (CVRD) ./J( (Rio Tinto) %WY( (BHPBILLITON) ,9CU0F9W./JLJ./.#G6E2 X 1 X 9300 7X , G*3, 2/3, u 12.2.2 F+|J./.#,M0r(- , -_*30W,J./.#M0r- , )FJ./.#M0r*- , FGWu 2005 -FJ./.# 2.7 X , M9JJCt=B$w851?CR4WFJ0JA9. 2.2 20012005-FJ./.#kG2.3 J./.#jf)|,*3J./.#,l.k?Fg,?)!,C4 8 1 0X!,Z8G+a./Jd$dBg(J./.#,FWgJJdJ (JJ1J )LoC (!W#bJJ1J )6y)F|9E,B8T.,Cl08,0;_10)B8T5*,a!B8TFZ53 F+|.#2j(63.1!W6!W (OPEC)_.#E*-44,10 _-Lu:0W,+O-E*-44_0Z+a*-8o5,oL$44-0E 14Z)9 11Z-!W,*)_.#*-5$8DY,5XH5MOF+|.#,0G&K0GfX?.#CRF/f,_?E-9CNY#F+|k?-,4#Y,0.#E*-44,-, ,_50B3!,.#o15$-,Y,!W)FjB3,J_ ,-X.#o1:,B350FJE#L9,=?,l# ,.-Lu.#2j:.#l,0cA4-X+;G-7-90c,.#fj.#Ci-CO4#KO,.# 11 y 1995.#E*-44-W,0*(x/n1 65N2001-2005-FJ./.#kG7X )6997 9231111501481320809275260500010000150002000025000300002000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005?CR4WFJ0JA103.2 *3.#,5M0r(3.2.1 kM0r62005F+|GE 38.95X , 2000 2.81X ,wK)1.52% 2005 F+|.#CikGE 38.37 X , 2000 3.00 X ,wK)j 1.62%1l7*,_ ,2006 +aQNO.#CiK,G ,F+|.#CiKn5C 3.18 2000 F+|.#Gw7-%C.#,#CiM0r ,L 2002 .#G+.#CiGF ,4GwWM0rG 20002002F 3rE0c8 2003 ,F+|4#F!F:wLf! ,LM0r.#GC*Bg ,KQ 2005+a4#FOn5C:# ,.#GM0rGwFOn5C-;* ,F+|.#2j+Wr ,M0* ,vM0rKFO+Q,Kn 3.1 DOoog%yyL*phG #6GG ChCG2000 36.14 35.37 20.902001 35.94 35.55 21.582002 35.72 35.89 21.522003 37.06 36.56 22.592004 38.65 37.99 23.732005 38.95 38.37 24.62Ct$ BP 2006 Statical Review of World Energy .F+|.#Cik?LXE-4#KE,- 2005F+|.#Ci 10-6_5-5-N-#-/W?F 10 Z-F+|#CikG 59.2%,6M97-$M5A=B$w851?CR4WFJ0JA11n 3.2 2004vDoMoyMLd%yy?+O- kG *- * #Ci- k#Ci F- F1.( 10.37 1.( 8.73 1.5- 20.5 1.5- 11.82.5 9.27 2.5 6.67 2.- 6.5 2. 5.33.5- 8.09 3.Z1 2.91 3. 5.4 3.- 2.94.:G 4.09 4.:G 2.55 4.- 2.6 4.- 2.55.? 3.83 5.* 2.36 5.5 2.6 5.N- 2.16.- 3.62 6.Lo6G 2.33 6. 2.3 6.#- 2.0Ct$ BP 2006 Statical Review of World Energy .3.2.2 OPEC .#GNG+O7-2j).#M0r,K.#1+E64.1J./.#.#1+-(fC , J./.#+O,AA1JL , *3J./.#+O$?$dBg(CVRD) ./J( (Rio Tinto) %WY( (BHP BILLITON),9CU0F9W./JLJ./.#G6E 2 X 1 X 9300 7X , G*3, 2/3, uF+|.#Ct$,-()L0;q60*-F+|-W4 60JZGX 10X:, 16Z8AC?*3G, 92#6O7-j7-E6|JV,-$Mhn2002L-p*34#,5C=8L,K15:w2005lM&j 40.365s /XZE 58.875s /#1- 2000!W),o1A-Lu.#4#1 01O1 27-30N?CR4WFJ0JA13uE 46.3%F 200655:0D0.d 705s / 755s /TZ0Q&F 805s /!+9:m=:w,)A?4#,VGWL4.1.3 0;$!-LuJ./JFJE03+GW? QfCY;96,lp 2001+aT./J( BHP BILLITON86|/9FWnJ./.21J 2000M$dBg=fC SOCOIMEX(FfC:X2(G./J,G6-./J(0 1873,?*( 19628# 1997*39,./J(X 2000fC%WYG./J(jX0G./Ct$M,*365B3A:LN,)15$!W,G5689-ALNGGhf8i+JDj-,|W)!WWJ-/jC)F!W9?AWk?7-$#Ci-M!W-,FJ8 2005 985$40,-GKJAFJEKO7-$H+6*0!W4W.#Ci-M!W-L$,H+8)BjfL!WKO7-$Y,-Lu.#2j0c4.2 J./.#.#1+2|jk?jl(DlN,fvl(D,445$1M0?%Cj,&k?k?&0_2?CR4WFJ0JA14j,#Ci65GJ6#dv-LuJ./.#2jI=7F0&m1JJ2jL=Qv_X-LuJ./.#2j9j,A7-LuJ./.#Lu_d2jd#l(D!q?0-$G+XlN,f+aFTJ./.#M0r%,8$raJ./.#+Ov4j98!,?oQlvF1_&)B-LuJ./2j4+a=rE$Q*r!XAWrE+Ovj6Ny=KO-;J,B8T7-hhjJ./.#+Ov 1-LuJ./.#2j-(-Lu.#2j,#Ci65GJD674*(D,2j& OPECa_0Z,(D44 11Z-.#kGF+| 75%F+| 40%,.#!W=7-f-Lu.#2j ,v*3,.#16 ,)-Lu.#2j9j,(_AF.#G&.#_0/=+OCt$ ,496Gm,0Y9-,+OFO ,!W,.#G8#A0G 80 ,-,.#GF0G 20J!W,.#GF+|G,-N ,?9,.#Ct$G-N ,9F0!w.#G-N,Ct$% ,DF!Ww.#G-Ndq6EFO ,!W-*,.#XF+|.#ChCGG?-N! ,!W9-Lu.#2j,?&4.2.2 ?,2-Lu2j:J./.#dk?_$?,$dBg%WY,$?$dBgF+|10WJ./+O*(j$?,:,.#PF:j,E(J./.#G-kG, 80%WY,./JL (RioTinto)BLkGAX9!-%#bkGXDB(6,UYJ./9L(_%WY1WJ./.#+O(J./+O7-j 55007X%WY, BHPBillition_F+|:0W,G./J(0 1885kGAXDB(J./.2KJ1yJNGwuF+|G./JG 20019!-(Y,88BLCtkNE 580%sj*31W./JL1 2007-LuJ./.#lB8Tjfl*6AD%1O1 65-67N?CR4WFJ0JA151,(4.9dG-_6(,?X6|-Ctky4.2.3 lG.,2-LuJ./.#lflN,jfdFJE/UF|-(.5)2jJ./.#9Wv0ZFAZv0$l|JvaD-p$lD_l Q_6lN,0Z Q Q6,vL$X-p|!Q,jG,;!QN,Wv0ZGfDL-pv?FZGfiN,Wv,G8!,GM0?#?,_N,WvX8!,G,&Iu6DLvJ| F?-pN,Wv.FDLv,-!N,Wv8fJNO8!,G)DLv,!_X63|B308$ OPEC j4v,|JELuf,4-(. OPEC,wGlG6G(DI:_i4v,ELu(D,wGd:,ELu-(1y,#X4vL$6GGjB$ OPEC ,lG.wA9TZ-+O-(/j2jM0r4 MR _ OPEC,ELuf,4 MC _ OPEC ,ELu4_- 1 ,ELu4 MC1- 2 ,ELu4 MC2,5,8(D,Y#0WFG QT+a OPEC ,ELuf,4 MR ELu4 MC ,&p4-,G91yELuF&- 1- 2,G6j Q1 Q2.LdG6M0/j!Z-,Y#Fg,G6GX*6A:l_8*6,vXD%4-.#GLuC* OPECp6G,G4.2.4 =|9E,B8Tva_B$J./.#)Y#k?)XB8TpG+X,81+J./.#,lB8T_XZk?L$6F|+0)FJE9E,B8TEA4G-?FF0!6B8T1FjTZ,AFE0;6|6|,1+FGY+XE#q*,AF Q6Xw*,10ZxaJjF9,x=7-FJE1yQ8,f,?CR4WFJ0JA172006 J./.#B8TE0;$?$dBg(B8T!?0a4n*NjB8TFP/j$?*J./.#,l6X 2005 :#71.5%,*.p:# 10%8# 20%m10B8T,lj:# 19%v_F0*nG:86,1+*,10Zxj8w&jF9,x=7-FJE1yQ8!,f,F90/#A1,B8TwA!O_*,*j Ca=Cb=C,I+,_W&,xG-J6&O)=Y CaCbj.FJX1O*,6GxaJX10O* Cb, 1-Cb&O)=Y Ca5j 02006B8TE0;X 58 16$dBg CVRD3-,:-1JfN?r55B8TOEF0p+r-l CVRD?rX 58 31=|:# 19%, 2006 ,Al,.A-9!l!nVI6=J|-(CW85fD800&?r,-(;6 : wA.#2j:9TZv , 0Z_OPEC v , 0Z_M OPEC v , &L$jTZLf!6X10Lf! , 70 M 80 M OPEC v9W4 80%,-Lu2j-N ,-(0Z+O65 , _0ZX65X1Lf! , 80O , MOPEC -_VF.#2j , M OPEC vF , 2jd1 ; VI , OPEC 551 OPEC AljL$ , -,_jLb!wQE+O65+a:M,G , A.Fl=9B*l , 6|m1! , -LuKOuQ=;f,8$WQ+O,M!W.#+O65F2j , 6|18NH+ , !W,7-F$FL& , F/;M6?,H+!W-*W , FP,.#fA! , )!W6|j ; 1