国贸经济管理类毕业论文-信用证方式下出口商面临的风险及防范探析

?CR4WFJ0JA1 ?cgV.0kWMuVWyXWo%_uVWyXWkw_kc9AYCQh%,Yk-o1kD3oL9k+_YC+DMCoY*+Co_yBokM|8o+MkJ8A=k8qk=_kJH|8RkGoKA - !V yAbstract?CR4WFJ0JA2Letter of credit in essence is a kind of certificate that the bankswears to pay a sum of money conditionally, and is an importantpayment method and financing implement in the modern internationaltrade. But as one kind of means of payment and the financingimplement, Letter of credit itself does not remove various elements thatcause risk of trading in the international trade business. At the sametime, because letter of credit system shows solicitude only for theconformity between certificates and documents, the risk leading to theusage letter of credit is enlarged. The existence of the risk in usingLetter of credit will do great harms to the regular international tradeorder, and at the same time bring damage to foreign trade of ourcountry and other countries in the world. Therefore this thesis focuseson discussing the cause and the types of the risk of using Letter ofcredit, and the characteristics of operation of Letter of credit in practice.This thesis aims at finding out an effect way that the exporters can taketo keep watch letter of credit risk in actual trade affair. For exporters,they ought to abide by principles strictly when using Letter of credit aspayment method, and regulate the operation of Letter of credit, and getfamiliar with the varieties of the risk in using Letter of credit so thatthe exporters can adopt effective measures to keep the riskwithin limits. key words Letter of credit; The defraud of Letter of credit; Thedishonor of Letter of credit; Risk prediction?CR4WFJ0JA3- 1 +XAF 1.1 +XA,y/2 011.2 +XA,(& 021.3 +XA,#qFJ0; 022 +XA?;*vMd,NL2.1 +XA!jAp+O,NL 042.2 K&|,NL 072.3 0A+cB0A|Wa_7-,NL 073 +XA?;*v)NL,3.1 )+XA!jA, 083.2 )K&|0A+cB0A|Wa_7-,NL, 093.3 )+XA4/NL,H+W 1163) 138$BR .(14)?CR4WFJ0JA4+XA?;*vMd,NLLb930+XA!n?9-Lu_?p=,H&j-LuvJ,+O#+XAX-LuChCp#+X_j900,+XOx+XA+XK&|+XvJ+X*F*=+,.-.!Q+XAYF*AK&|=FJCtH19+XAFA-LuChC,W+XA|+Xj*vfw,Av=7-?FNLB1yX0,NL+XA!jAFNL,X5-LuChC,V=-?,COM(_XA-=A1JG-X00-Lu2j)FChCG6JEFOvF-LuChC+XA!jAx&NN+OA-*v4h+a/=7-fwFPW,aF9*,Y,W,!h,ChC0!Lb93+XANL)*1JAaA+XA!h_9-pG?y1 +XAF 1.1+XA,y/2+XA_K&|i+cBFv,?rA,*00,0/9&,M!nA0A|AXf,G1V8+XA?,A,F7|!n,CS+ 1!+XA51_K&|+XF|,+XA51?,k?_ (1)0A+cBLu:_Fv!n (2)0A|!n|_,0gK&| (3)FJ.|,0gK&|j3Rw| (4),f!n*v,-;+XA?a_+cB,FJE48,0gK&|F|CtH$51,51?+XA-Lu515D+XA (DOCUMENTARY CREDIT)y/+XAK0 (REVOCABLE)+XA=K0 (IRREVOCABLE)+XA (CONFIRMED)+XAO+XAFO+XA4!n+XA (RED CLAUSE)+XA!n (PAYMENT) (ACCEPTING)A (NEGOTIATING)+XAEA1 (: 2004-Lu51-4#*(x/n1 9N?CR4WFJ0JA5(TRANSFERABLE)+XA6)6 (BACK-TO-BACK)+XA)0+XA)(REVOLVING)+XA1y51?+XA/2+XA519Y84&L$A0;A1.2+XA,(&_0/K&|+X+XA_K&|8!,+X*,!nApX+XA?;K&|10W,!nCS+_)08C,&+XA7-j,K08|B8|-;=-;CW(?r,p,M:+XA!n-(1V86CW(,Lu_VFDFa_VOE-,$_CW(_V-(1V1y1y=COCSK&|9y8*6?h07.M_V1V8+XA!nK&|)+,?W.W-OWZFPF#x1y=COCSk+XA_?jB3,_-(1VA-(1V ”,Ul-(1VI!+XA_0/-()wf1y?68|,1V8+cB+cB0A&p?r,K&|!n6|y=h8|+cB0A+cB49H5CiBr0A 30AK&|+cBi+cB0+XA*FJ.|1 UCP5001?X+XAJ49p4*6,_6p#,CW(=F|j2 GCe 2003-LuChC*6ALGCR4W*(x/n1 169N?CR4WFJ0JA6,*vFJ.|A|!n|0A|0A+cBFv132 945678 4FJ.|+XAhBE, 5,h+XAB9+XA?&FCW(7U4/CWF0w/X+XA9xOAAK&|BrAAK&|9+XA!nhB9w/HNLwYCW!n5*vAK&|6w/CWF0A|F7,!n|3R0A|F7,!n|h)B!n5A|0A|F7,!n|FJ.0A+cB!nC2 +XA?;*vMd,NL+a+XAXFX,+XAX#qFJE0;J+OF65L;-pB(J,NL*v)FNLB9u6,AAFa08A-LuChC51#=K&|,NLWa_7-,NL?CR4WFJ0JA72.1+XA!jAp+O,NL2.1.1+XA!jAy8+XAf+O-Lu:)BC+XA!jA50,AA5-,50v# 1)ZFP!jAC,!jAG-9;yX#+|X=|jA-0QA#LC_|A-A#FJI9LN,?B|1 68?0u?z.)/j,Aj!jA|j ”?FJE=B!j,4#Y,!_+XA!jA|j,0Zh(Aj+XA!jA 2 fraud in Letter of Credit_X-LuChC+XA_5+XAC*.pC0u?fFPwBF:;m-O-(B!LKIBAACBAA6/j6|j+XA,0M-,XK&|+X/vJ+XLf!nF51NL+XAf8+Oj5WJ-pFqX-LuChC=+O+XA!jAxZM+XAfD,5jL(569j+XACFTW*I)0BWIUl-(1VI)0WI7+XA)0CX,*.p8|*.p8|=7-F*vL$X8|_+XA!nNAFvkPf!nsYFv=7-8!nN,)#qE0;0A|h,M?*v,1 )M 20055-50v#+XA1-#f*(x/n1 198N2 A-0#jJ)A-,0*,H=AP(5#k ,1995 68 30FJE.dH=0(5, ,O!Q?+XAAP5 ,?EG,45 ,j)AP65,Af 1997A#6F0?3 HC# 2002-+XA#G?x&A)F4#ChCW*(x/n1 120-150N?CR4WFJ0JA88l0A|aN!nFp,CW(8|X+XAJpCO,CS+_9Ul-(1VI?,1V8+XA!n,?rK&|aN!n),-OW,Ct*.p8|K&|9,yF/_)8*.p8|-()0,fXAK&|X!n&,)0,|!nA,0+XA-50*,l?wF|ZFPDZFP,&E-O!,=_CLEA*v$_!-LuChCL$v,WGXEA+XA,WG+X!jA,7-W-LuChC,J3PCX!jALb93?A.A5j_+XA!jA,02.1.2*v7-Md+XA!jA,/2+a+XAX,/%?#NA-*vX+X+XAf!n7-Md,+XA!jAV,NLk?9;ZM 1*vXMdF!jA,&Is7ET,)W?(1)wFZFPH (1 )APpBC wFZFPH (1 )AP_7AP6+Xj*6FJEFFB?*,+XAwFZFP0A|9s1,H (1 )1.w-O!jP, (*v )-CW04EP*CW(-,F/AP,08(9+XA=4FJ.6|.1APpBC -+XFO+X| (.1 )AP _7AP6X+e0+XAB0 +X19K&|vB19K&|,.A+eA1.-YE#P*CW(F/AP,08(9A6|+eAA9xOE.Fl1 ? 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