定语从句的讲与练

1 6 定语从句的讲与练定语从句的讲与练 定语从句 1 定语从句的结构及理解 2 定语从句的关系词的使用 3 定语从句的简化表达 知识总结归纳 一 定语从句的结构 在复合句中 修饰某个名词或代词的句子 做这个名 词或代词的定语 叫定语从句 定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面 被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词 它与定语从句之间要有一个词连 接 这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词 关系代词或关系副词 that which who whose when where why 先行词在定语从句中充当主语 宾语 时间 地点 原因状语 结构 先行词 关系词 定语从句 1 There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her 2 In Japan someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money 3 A theme park is a collection of rides exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme 4 The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia 5 Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie 6 Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story 二 定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句 从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明 缺少它 则句义 显得不完整 从句与先行词紧密相连 非限定性定语从句 对先行词进行补充说明 解释 它与先行词之间有逗 号隔开 1 Before she could move she heard a loud noise which grew to a terrible roar 2 Tree after tree went down cut down by the water which must have been three meters deep 2 6 3 Flora whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet started crying 4 Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters which often make the audience applaud 三 关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词 这些关系词在介词 后面常用 which 或 whom 1 There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company 2 Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark 知识重点与难点 一 当先行词有最高级 序数词修饰 是不定代词 或是 all no only 等形式 时 关系代词一般用 that 而不能用 which 1 The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time 2 There is one thing that keeps worrying me 二 当先行词是表示时间 地点 原因的词时 关系词用 when where why 还有 which that 1 I m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years 2 This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you 3 I think I can understand the reason why he didn t tell the truth to me 4 No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting 三 定语从句的简化表达 1 The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University 2 The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow 3 The question that is being discussed is very important 4 You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7 45 说明 说明 以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来 1 The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University 2 The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow 3 The question being discussed is very important 4 You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7 45 说明 说明 修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外 还可以用非谓语动词形式 doing 短语 done 短语 being done 短语 to be done 短语修饰 其结构和意思 3 6 如下 1 被修饰名词 doing 短语 正在做 的人 正在发生的事 2 被修饰名词 done 短语 被 的人 事 3 被修饰名词 being done 短语 正在被 的人 事 4 被修饰名词 to be done 短语 将要被 的人 事 1 Do you know the man talking to my sister 2 The crazy gesture moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear means you have a phone call in Brazil 3 Did you see that car being repaired 4 In a camera the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed 5 The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow 6 Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China 7 The Yellow River said to be the mother river runs across China like a huge dragon 总结 总结 以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词 不定式的各种形式 作定语 1 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面 如果单独一个 V ing 或 V ed 形 式作定语 则可以放在被修饰名词前面 2 分词作定语时 其动作应与全句动作同时发生 V ing 表示主动意义和正 在做 V ed 表示被动意义 being done 表示正在被做的 3 不定式作定语表示将要发生的 to be done 表示将要被做的 典型例题典型例题 例 1 Friendship is needed by all plays an important role in people s lives A whichB thatC whoD it 分析 分析 plays an important role in people s lives 为非限定性定语从句修饰先 行词 Friendship 用 which 连接定语从句 答案 答案 A 例 2 Uncle Li I worked three years ago has retired now A whoB whom C with whomD to whom 4 6 分析 分析 I worked three years ago 作为定语从句修饰先行词 Uncle Li 从句 完整的表达是 I worked with Uncle Li three years ago 所以关系词前应加上介词 with 答案 答案 C 例 3 Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work A he explained B what he explained C how he explained D why he explained 分析 分析 定语从句 at the meeting for his carelessness in his work 修饰先行词 the reason 指 他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因 先行词在从句中做宾语 答案 答案 A 例 4 Teachers work is rather hard are being better paid than before A who B that C whichD whose 分析 分析 非限定性定语从句 work is rather hard 修饰先行词 teachers 它与从 句中的 work 是从属关系 关系词用 whose 答案 答案 D 例 5 The Olympic Games in 776 BC didn t included women players until 1912 A first playingB to be first played C first playedD to be first playing 分析 分析 公元前 776 年被首次举行的奥运会 直到 1912 年才容纳女运动员 in 776 BC 做定语修饰 The Olympic Games 指过去的内容 表示被动 用 done 做定语 答案 答案 C 例 6 The houses for the teachers and the construction work will start soon A built B to be built C to buildD being built 分析 分析 根据句意房子即将开工 for the teachers and the construction work 修饰 The houses 应为 The houses The houses 将要为教师和施工修建的房子 答案 答案 B 例 7 How many of us a meeting that is not important to us would be 5 6 interested in the discussion A attendedB attendingC to attendD have attended 分析 分析 根据句意 比如说 我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有 多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢 say a meeting that is not important to us 修饰 How many of us 做定语 与全句动作同步 答案 答案 B 例 8 She has three children is working in Australia A whoB one of whom C one of them D none of them 分析 分析 非限定性定语从句 is working in Australia 修饰先行词 three children 根 据从句中的 is 判断 是说 三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作 答案 答案 B 模拟试题模拟试题 1 Susan is the very girl the good deed A whom I think didB whom I think she did C who I think didD I think who did 2 Luckily the poor boy had enough money he could buy a train ticket A by whichB on whichC with whichD for which 3 The book he devoted much time is to come out next month A whereB whichC to whichD on which 4 The day came finally I was given an opportunity to act in the play A whenB in that C whichD in which 5 1 Don t you think the question tomorrow is of great importance A being discussedB discussed C to be discussedD to discuss 6 The food at the moment is for the dinner party A cookedB to be cooked C is being cookedD being c