英美文学知识点总结(适用于英语专八)

精品文档 1欢迎下载 OldOld EnglishEnglish LiteratureLiterature 古英语文学古英语文学 450 1066 年 BeowulfBeowulf 贝奥武甫 贝奥武甫 The first English national epic 中世纪英语文学 中世纪英语文学 1066 15001066 1500 GeoffreyGeoffrey ChaucerChaucer 乔叟乔叟 c 1343 1400 was an English poet He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集 called the father of English literature 英国文学之父 WilliamWilliam LanglandLangland 朗格兰朗格兰 1330 1400 the author of the 14th century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman 农夫皮尔斯 文艺复兴 文艺复兴 16 1716 17 世纪 世纪 WilliamWilliam ShakespeareShakespeare 莎士比亚 莎士比亚 1564 1616 1564 1616 English poet and playwright his surviving works consist of 38 plays 154 sonnets two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 维拉斯和阿多尼斯 The Rape of Lucrece 鲁克丽丝受辱记 Shakespeare s greatest works greatest tragedies are King Lear 李尔王 Macbeth 麦克白 Hamlet 哈姆雷特 Othello 奥赛罗 Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶 great comedies A Midsummer Night s Dream 仲夏夜之梦 As You Like It 皆大 欢喜 The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人 Twelfth Night 第十二夜 great historical plays Richard III 理查三世 Henry IV 亨利四世 Henry V 亨利五世 Henry VII 亨利八世 JohnJohn MiltonMilton 弥尔顿弥尔顿 1608 1674 1608 1674 was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost 失乐园 Paradise Regained 复乐园 Samson 力士参孙 1818 世纪文学和新古典主义世纪文学和新古典主义 AlexanderAlexander PopePope 浦柏浦柏 1688 1744 1688 1744 is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century best known for his satirical epigram 讽 刺隽语 and heroic couplet 英雄双韵体 His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 人论 and An Essay on Criticism 论批评 DanielDaniel DefoeDefoe 笛福 笛福 16601660 1731 1731 was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨逊漂流记 spokesman for middle class people HenryHenry FieldingFielding 菲尔丁菲尔丁 17071707 1754 1754 an English novelist known for his novel The History of Tom Jones JonathanJonathan SwiftSwift 斯威夫特斯威夫特 1667 1745 1667 1745 was an Anglo Irish novelist satirist He is remembered for novel such as Gulliver s Travels 格列佛游记 RichardRichard SheridanSheridan 谢立丹 谢立丹 17511751 1816 1816 Irish playwright known for his satirical play School of Scandal 造谣学校 He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners LaurenceLaurence SterneSterne 斯特恩斯特恩 1713 1713 17681768 an English novelist He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy 商第传 精品文档 2欢迎下载 OliverOliver GoldsmithGoldsmith 哥尔德斯密斯 哥尔德斯密斯 1728 17741728 1774 English novelist known for his novel Vicar of Wakefield 威克菲尔德牧师传记 ThomasThomas GrayGray 托马斯托马斯 格雷格雷 17161716 17711771 an English poet author of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 墓畔哀歌 writer of sentimentalism 感伤派 浪漫主义 浪漫主义 1818 世纪末世纪末 1919 世纪初 世纪初 WilliamWilliam BlakeBlake 1757 1757 1827 1827 was an English poet best known for his poetical collections of Song of Innocence 天真之歌 and Song of Experience 经验之歌 WilliamWilliam WordsworthWordsworth 1770 1850 a major English Romantic poet who with Samuel Taylor Coleridge helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集 Wordsworth s magnum opus is generally considered to be The Prelude 序曲 SamuelSamuel TaylorTaylor Coleridge Coleridge 柯勒律治柯勒律治 1772 1834 was an English poet who was along with his friend William Wordsworth one of the founders of the Romantic Movement in England and one of the Lake Poets He is probably best known for his poems The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 古舟子颂 and Kubla Khan 忽必烈汗 GeorgeGeorge GordonGordon ByronByron 拜伦 拜伦 17881788 18241824 was a English poet and a leading figure in Romanticism Amongst Byron s best known works are his narrative poems Childe Harold s Pilgrimage 哈罗尔德游记 and Don Juan 唐璜 PercyPercy ByssheBysshe ShelleyShelley 1792 1822 was one of the major English Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among the finest lyric poets in the English language He is perhaps most famous for Ode to the West Wind 西风颂 To a Skylark 致云雀 Prometheus Unbound 解放了的普罗米修斯 MaryMary ShelleyShelley 玛丽玛丽 雪莱雪莱 17971797 1851 1851 was a British novelist best known for her Gothic novel Frankenstein 弗兰肯斯坦 considered as first science fiction JohnJohn KeatsKeats 济慈济慈 17951795 1821 1821 was an English poet who became one of the principal poets of the English Romantic movement His masterpieces such as Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂 and Ode to a Nightingale 夜莺颂 浪漫主义时期小说家 JaneJane AustenAusten 1775 1775 1817 1817 was an English novelist Her major novels include Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感 Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见 Emma 爱玛 WalterWalter ScottScott 司各特司各特 1771 1832 1771 1832 a prolific Scottish historical novelist His major works is Ivanhoe 艾凡赫 RealismRealism 现实主义时期现实主义时期 VictorianVictorian AgeAge 维多利亚时期维多利亚时期 1837 1837 19011901 BronteBronte sisterssisters 勃朗宁姐妹勃朗宁姐妹 Charlotte 夏洛蒂 1816 1855 Emily 艾米丽 1818 1848 and Anne 安妮 1820 1849 were English writers of the 1840s and 1850s Charlotte s Jane Eyre 简爱 Emily s Wuthering Heights 呼啸山庄 精品文档 3欢迎下载 and Anne s Agnes Grey 艾格妮斯 格雷 are masterpieces of English literature GeorgeGeorge ElliotElliot 乔治乔治 爱略特 爱略特 18191819 18801880 was an English novelist She was one of the leading writers of the Victorian era Her novels largely set in provincial England Her major novels include The Mill on the Floss 佛洛斯河上 的磨坊 Middlemarch 米德尔玛契 CharlesCharles DickensDickens 1812 1812 1870 1870 one of the most popular English novelists of the Victorian era His major novels include A Tale of Two Cities 双城记 Oliver Twist 奥利弗退斯特 David Copperfield 大卫科波菲尔德 Great Expectation 远大前程 Hard Times 艰难时世 WilliamWilliam MakepeaceMakepeace ThackerayThackeray 萨克雷 萨克雷 18111811 1863 1863 was an English novelist of the 19th century He was famous for his satirical works particularly Vanity Fair 名利场 Mrs Mrs GaskellGaskell 盖斯凯尔夫人盖斯凯尔夫人 1810 1865 1810 1865 was an English novelist during the Victorian era Her major novels include Mary Barton 玛丽 巴顿 ThomasThomas Hardy Hardy 哈代哈代 18401840 1928 1928 an English novelist of the naturalism 自然主义 His major novels include Tess of the d Urbervilles 德伯家的苔丝 Far from the Madding Crowd 远离尘嚣 Jude the Obscure 无名的裘德 Most of his novels are set in Wessex 威塞克斯 现实主义时期诗歌现实主义时期诗歌 RobertRobert BrowningBrowning 布朗宁布朗宁 18121812 1889 1889 was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of dramatic verse especially dramatic monologues 戏剧独白 made him one of the foremost Victorian poets AlfredAlfred TennysonTennyson 丁尼生 丁尼生 18091809 1892 1892 was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and remains one of the most popular English poets Tennyson excelled at penning short lyrics including Break break break OscarOscar WildeWilde 王尔德王尔德 18541854 1900 1900 playwright and one novel known for his aestheticism 唯美主义 art for art s sake 为了艺术而艺术 His major plays include The Importance of Being Earnest 不可儿戏 His major novel is The Picture of Dorian Gray 道林 格雷的 画像 2020 世纪和现代主义世纪和现代主义 BernardBernard ShawShaw 萧伯纳萧伯纳 1856 1950 1856 1950 an Irish playwright the greatest dramatist in English literature in the 20th century He adhered to the tradition of realism writing plays as a way to discuss social problems He won Nobel Prize for literature in 1925 His major plays include Mrs Warren s Profession 华伦 夫人的情人 Major Barbara 芭芭拉少校 Pygmalion 皮革马力翁 and Saint Joan 圣女贞德 JohnJohn GalsworthyGalsworthy 高尔斯华绥高尔斯华绥 1867 1933 1867 1933 one of the most important novelists in the Early 20th century a Nobel Prize winner His major works is Forsyte Saga 福尔赛世家 which comprises three novels The Man of Property 有产业的人 In Chancery 衡平法院 To Let 出租 JosephJoseph ConradConrad 康拉德康拉德 1857 1932 1857 1932 Conrad was born in Poland and an English novelist His major novels include Lord Jim 吉姆爷 and The Heart of 精品文档 4欢迎下载 Darkness 黑暗的心 JamesJames JoyceJoyce 乔伊斯乔伊斯 1882 1941 1882 1941 An Irish born novelist known for the technique of the stream of consciousness His main works Ulysses 尤利西斯 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 青年艺术家的肖像 Finnegan s Wake 芬尼根彻夜祭 Dubliners 都柏林人 E E M M ForsterForster 福斯特 福斯特 1879 19701879 1970 an English novelist A Passage to India 印 度之行 T S T S EliotEliot T S T S 艾略特艾略特 1888 1965 1888 1965 American poet best known for his poem The Waste Land 荒原 1948 Nobel Prize winner for literature DavidDavid HerbertHerbert LawrenceLawrence D H D H 劳伦斯劳伦斯 1885 1930 1885 1930 an English novelist His most important novels are Rainbow 彩虹 and Sons and Lovers 儿子与情人 He is the founder of stream of consciousness 意识流 WilliamWilliam ButlerButler YeatsYeats 叶芝叶芝 1865 1939 1865 1939 an Irish poet and awarded Nobel Prize for literature in 1923 His major poems include Sailing to Byzantium 驶向拜占庭 and Leda and Swan 利达和天鹅 SamuelSamuel BeckettBeckett 贝克特 贝克特 1906 1989 1906 1989 an Irish dramatist and Nobel Prize winner for Literature His masterpiece is Waiting for Godot 等待戈多 He is the exponent of the theatre of the absurd 荒诞派戏剧 IrisIris JeanJean MurdochMurdoch 默多克默多克 1919 1999 1919 1999 English female novelist her major novels include Black Prince 黑王子 The Sea the Sea 大海啊 大海 and Unicorn 独角兽 DorisDoris LessingLessing 莱辛莱辛 1919 1919 is a British writer author of works such as the novels The Grass is Singing In 2007 Lessing won the Nobel Prize in Literature MurielMuriel SparkSpark 斯帕克 斯帕克 1918 20061918 2006 English female novelist best known for her novel The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie 1961 布罗迪小姐的青春 VirginiaVirginia WoolfWoolf 伍尔夫伍尔夫 1882 1941 1882 1941 Woolf is an exponent of modernism and one of the most important female novelists Her major works include Mrs Dalloway 达 洛威夫人 To the Lighthouse 向灯塔去 美国文学美国文学 殖民地革命时期殖民地革命时期 BenjaminBenjamin FranklinFranklin 富兰克林富兰克林 1706 1790 1706 1790 one of American founding fathers 建 国之父 Major works Autobiography 自传 Poor Richard s Almanack 穷人理查历书 JonathanJonathan EdwardsEdwards 爱德华兹 爱德华兹 17031703 1758 1758 was a colonial theologian and writer His work is often associated with the Puritan heritage His famous sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God 落在忿怒之神手中的罪人 is credited for starting the First Great Awakening ThomasThomas PainPain 潘恩潘恩 1737 1809 1737 1809 British pamphleteer Major works Common Sense 常识 1776 FederalistsFederalists Papers Papers 联邦党人文集联邦党人文集 Alexander Hamilton 汉密尔顿 John Jay 杰伊 James Madison 曼迪逊 精品文档 5欢迎下载 浪漫主义时期浪漫主义时期 RomanticRomantic PeriodPeriod 1790 18651790 1865 Earlier Romantic Period 1790 1830 Romantic Heyday 1830 1865 EarlierEarlier RomanticRomantic Period Period Washington Irving 1783 1859 Fenimore Cooper 1789 1851 WashingtonWashington IrvingIrving 华盛顿华盛顿 欧文欧文 1783 1859 1783 1859 American romantic novelist He was best known for his short stories The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van Winkle both of which appear in his book The Sketch Book 见闻札记 Irving is the first American writer who gained international fame JamesJames FenimoreFenimore CooperCooper 库珀库珀 1789 1851 1789 1851 American romantic novelist best remembered for his Leatherstocking Tales 皮袜子故事 The Pioneer 拓荒者 Deer Slayer 猎鹿者 Pathfinder 探路人 Prairie 大草原 The Last of the Mohicans 最后的莫西干人 featuring frontiersman Natty Bumppo 2 2 RomanticRomantic HeydayHeyday 1830 1865 1830 1865 Waldo Ralph Emerson Henry David Thoreau Walt Whitman Emily Dickinson Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville Harriet Beecher Stowe Edgar Allan Poe TranscendentalistsTranscendentalists 超验主义 超验主义 Waldo Ralph Emerson Henry David Thoreau Walt Whitman WaltWalt WhitmanWhitman 惠特曼 惠特曼 1819 1882 1819 1882 American romantic poet father of free verse 自由诗 best known for his collection of poems Leaves of Grass 草叶集 WaldoWaldo RalphRalph EmersonEmerson 爱默生 爱默生 1803 1882 1803 1882 leader of the transcendentalism his essay Nature 论自然 is the manifesto of transcendentalism his another essay The American Scholar 美国学者 is considered to be America s Intellectual Declaration of Independence HenryHenry DavidDavid ThoreauThoreau 梭罗梭罗 18171817 1862 1862 American romantic writer best known for his book Walden 瓦尔登湖 a reflection upon simple living HermanHerman MelvilleMelville 麦尔维尔麦尔维尔 18191819 1891 1891 American novelist best known for his novel Moby Dick 白鲸 NathanielNathaniel HawthorneHawthorne 霍桑霍桑 18041804 1864 1864 American novelist best known for his four romances 传奇小说 The Scarlet Letter 红字 The House of the Seven Gables 七个尖尖角的房子 精品文档 6欢迎下载 The Blithedale Romance 福谷传奇 The Marble Faun 玉石人像 EmilyEmily DickinsonDickinson 狄金森 1830 1886 American poetess whose poetry are concerned with life death and immortality HarrietHarriet BeecherBeecher StoweStowe 斯托尔夫人斯托尔夫人 18111811 18961896 American female novelist whose novel Uncle Tom s Cabin 1852 汤姆叔叔的小屋 attacked the cruelty of slavery RealismRealism 现实主义现实主义 MarkMark TwainTwain 马克马克 吐温吐温 18351835 1910 1910 American novelist most noted for his novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 汤姆索亚历险记 and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 哈克贝恩历险记 Life on the Mississippi River 密西西比河上的生活 Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur s Court 亚瑟王朝的康涅狄克州的美国佬 The Gilded Age 镀金时代 HenryHenry JamesJames 亨利亨利 詹姆斯詹姆斯 1843 1916 1843 1916 American realist novelist founder of international novel 国际题材小说 Important works The American 美国人 The Europeans 欧洲人 The Portrait of a Lady 贵妇画像 The Wings of the Dove 鸽冀 The Ambassadors 大使 The Golden Bowl 金碗 O O HenryHenry 欧亨利欧亨利 was the pen name of American novelist William Sydney Porter 1862 1910 O Henry s short stories are well known for his short stories such as Cop and Anthem 警察和赞美诗 and Gift of Magie 麦琪的礼物 WilliamWilliam DeanDean HowellsHowells 豪威尔斯豪威尔斯 18371837 1920 1920 was an American realist novelist and literary critic Major works include The Rise of Silas Lapham 赛拉斯 拉 帕姆的发迹 TheodoreTheodore DreiserDreiser 德莱塞德莱塞 18711871 1945 1945 American novelist and journalist He pioneered the naturalist school and is known for his novels Sister Carrie 嘉 莉妹妹 and An American Tragedy 美国悲剧 and his desire trilogy 欲望三部曲 The Financier 金融家 The Titan 巨头 The Stoic 斯多葛 AmericanAmerican NaturalistNaturalist 自然主义 自然主义 1 Stephen Crane 克莱恩 2 Frank Norris 诺里斯 3 Jack London 杰克 伦敦 1 1 StephenStephen CraneCrane 克莱恩克莱恩 18711871 1900 1900 was an American novelist He won international acclaim for his 1895 Civil War novel The Red Badge of Courage 红 色的英勇勋章 2 2 FrankFrank NorrisNorris 诺瑞斯诺瑞斯 18701870 1902 1902 American novelist His notable works include 精品文档 7欢迎下载 McTeague 麦克提格 The Octopus 章鱼 3 3 JackJack LondonLondon 杰克杰克 伦敦伦敦 18761876 1916 1916 American novelist known for his novel Martin Eden 马丁 伊登 The Call of the Wild 野性的呼唤 2020 世纪和现代主义世纪和现代主义 诗歌诗歌 T S T S EliotEliot T S T S 艾略特艾略特 1888 1965 1888 1965 American poet best known for his poem The Waste Land 荒原 1948 Nobel Prize winner for literature EzraEzra PoundPound 庞德 庞德 American imagist poet 意象派诗人 major poems include Cantos 诗章 Hugh Selwyn Maubery 莫伯里 Cathay 华夏 translation of ancient Chinese poems RobertRobert FrostFrost 弗罗斯特弗罗斯特 18741874 1963 1963 American poet He is highly regarded for his realistic depictions of rural life in New England and his command of American colloquial speech His work was first recognized in England and then in America WallaceWallace StevensStevens 斯蒂文斯 斯蒂文斯 1879 19551879 1955 American poet best known for his poem Anecdote for the Jar and his emphasis on Imagination AllenAllen GinsbergGinsberg 金斯伯格金斯伯格 1926 1997 1926 1997 American poet of Beat Generation 垮掉的 一代 best known for his poem Howl 嚎 ErnestErnest HemingwayHemingway 海明威海明威 18991899 1961 1961 American novelist He was part of the 1920s expatriate community in Paris and one of the veterans of World War I later known as the Lost Generation He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954 Major works The Sun also Rises 太阳照样升起 A Farewell to Arms 永别了 武器 The Old Man and the Sea 老人与海 For Whom the Bell Tolls 丧钟为谁而鸣 Meditation XVII an essay by metaphysical poet John Donne 多恩 any man s death diminishes me because I am involved in mankind and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls it tolls for thee FitzgeraldFitzgerald 菲茨杰拉德菲茨杰拉德 18961896 1940 1940 American writer of novels whose works are evocative of the Jazz Age Fitzgerald is considered a member of the Lost Generation Most important works is The Great Gatsby 了不起的盖茨比 which represents the destruction of American dream LostLost GenerationGeneration 迷惘的一代迷惘的一代 The Lost Generation is a phrase made popular by American author Ernest Hemingway in his first published novel The Sun Also Rises Figures identified with the Lost Generation include authors and poets Hemingway F Scott Fitzgerald Ezra Pound Sherwood Anderson John Dos Passos WilliamWilliam FaulknerFaulkner 福克纳福克纳 American novelist winner of