专业英语复习材料

专业英语复习材料专业英语复习材料 第一次作业1 Briefly answerthe following questions 1 What doeswell streamconsist of A Well fluids are often a plex mixture of liquid hydrocarbons gas and someimpurities 2 How couldproduced waterbe handled A 1 injection intounderground saltwater bearingformations 2 injection intooil bearingunderground reservoirsfrom which the oil and wateris producedand 3 disposal ofcarefully treatedwater into the ocean from offshore production platforms 3 Why dowelded tanksneed tobe internally coated A Welded tankscan beinternallycoatedto protectthem fromcorrosion 4 Why shouldproduced waterbe carefullytreated beforebeing disposedinto theoceanfromoffshoreproductionplatforms A Because produced water maycause pollutionproblems ifit isnot carefullytreated 2 Could yougive adefinition toeach of the followingconcepts 1 separator Theequipment mostwidely usedfor theseparation of natural gasfrom liquids 2 gas plantIt is a plantwhere natural gas isproduced 3 heat treater It is the equipment usesthermal gravity and sometimeschemical and or electricalmethods tobreak emulsions 4 storage tankIt istheequipmentused tostore cleanoil orpipeline oil 5 tank batteryIt isthe systemof separation treating andstorage facilities 6 producedwaterItisthe waterthat isproduced fromoilandgas well 7 Well fluidsor wellstream Wellfluidsareoftenaplexmixtureofliquidhydrocarbo ns gas and someimpurities 8 Gas hydrates Gas hydratesare icelike crystallinepounds formedin natural gas in the presenceof freewater underconditions ofhigh pressureand turbulence 3 Illustrate someequipments 2or3 used in the process of oil A separators heater treaters gun barrel 第二次作业Briefly answerthe followingquestions 1 What are necessary for the formation of a stable emulsion A Three conditionsarenecessaryfortheformationof astableemulsion 1 The liquidsmust beimmiscible 2 There must be sufficientagitation todisperse oneliquid asdroplets in the other 3 There mustbe anemulsifying agent or emulsifier present 2 What dothese emulsifiersact asin theemulsion A Each of these emulsifiersusually oursas afilm on the surface of thedispersed droplets 3 How manytypes ofoil water emulsionare found A There arethree types oil in water emulsions water in oil emulsions oil in water in oil emulsions 4 Illustrate someemulsifiers monlyfound inpetroleum emulsion A Include asphalt resinous sub stances oil solubleorganic acids and otherfinely dividedmaterials thatare moresoluble wettable or dispersablein oilthan inwater Some finelydivided solidsare iron zinc anda luminum sulfates calcium carbonate silica and ironsulfide 第三次作业Briefly answerthe followingquestions 1 What arethe hydratesposed of A The hydratesare posedof hydrocarbonsand water 2 What arethe factorsthat influencethe hydrate formation A The factorsare watercontent temperature andpressure ofthe gas stream and the gasposition 3 what isthe function of hydrateinhibitors A Hydrate inhibitorsare usedto lower the freezingpoint ofwater vaporso asto preventhydrateformation 4 what isthe principleof dehydrationof natural gas A The principleof dehydrationofnaturalgas is to removethe water in the naturalgas 5 what does dew point depression mean A Dew point depressionistolowerthetemperature atwhichthe naturalgas is saturated with waterunder certainpressure 6 what isthe mean chief principle differencebetween liquid desiant and solid desiant A The liquid desiant isthe liquid type dehydratorwhich absorbswater in thenaturalgas while the solid desiant isthesolid type dehydratorwhich adsorbswaterin thenaturalgas 7 what doesa typicalsolid desiant dehydratorconsist of A The solid desiant dehydratorconsists ofan inlet gas streamseparator two ormore adsorption towers a high temperature heater a regeneration gas cooler a regeneration gas separator and thingssuch aspiping manifolds switching valves and controlsthat directand controlthe flow of gases Answer the followingquestionsaording thefigure 1 Write theflow diagramof gasdehydration A Natural gasat liemperature andpressure entersnear thebottom ofthe absorber and risesthrough thecolumn where it isintimately contactedby alean glycol solution flowingdownward acrossbubble trays Here the gas givesup itswater vaporto the glycol Leaving the top tray thegaspasses throughmist extractor elements sweeps the glycol cooling coilslocated in the upperend ofthe absorberf andpasses to the pipeline A smallquantity oithis drygasiswithdrawn fromthe absorberdischarge foruse asfuel andinstrument gas 2 Write theflow diagramof glycolcycle A The leanglycol solutionenters at thetopofthe absorberand flows throughcoils where it iscooled bythe dehydratedgas From thecooling coils theglycolis dischargedin intimatecontact with the ascendinggas this actiondehydrates thegas anddilutes theglycol atthe sametime The dilutesolution collectsin thebase oftheabsorberfrom whichpoint itis dischargedto thereconcentrator orreboiier Enroute the solutionis heated in acoil immersedin theglycol surge tank andthen dischargedinto thestripper which isnormally apacked column The reconcentratedglycolsolutionaumulates in the reboilerwhereitreaches maximumtemperature overflows into theglycol surge tankswhereitis partiallycooled byheat exchangeto thedilute glycolinthecoil andflowsby gravityto thepump suction The pumpdischarges theconcentrated solutionintothecooling coilintheabsorber thus pletingthe cycle 3 Write thefunction ofthe followingdevices separator absorber surge tank stripper reboiler A separator separate ofnaturalgasfrom liquids absorber Here theglycol absorbwater vaporfrom gas surgetank the solutionis heatedin acoil immersedintheglycolsurgetank Stripper where glycolare separatedfrom waterby fractionaldistillation Reboiler 21 Write thefollow diagramof dehydration A Fig 1 19isaflow diagramofatwo tower solid desiant dehydrationunit The wet in let gas streamfirst passesthrough anefficient inlet separator wherefree liquids entrained mist and solidparticles areremoved At anygiven time one ofthe towerswill beon streamintheadsorbing ordrying cycleandtheother towerwill beintheprocess ofbeing regeneratedand cooled Several automaticallyoperated switchingvalves anda controllerroute the inlet gasand regenera tion gastotheproper towerattheproper time Typically a towerwill beon theadsorb cyclefor from4to12hr with8hr beingthe mostmon timecycle The towerbeing regeneratedwould beheated forabout6hr andcooled duringthe remaining2hr 2 What isthe regeneration gas A Regeneration gasis wet gas thathas beenheatedinthe regeneration gas heaterto temperaturesof400 F to460 F 3 Write thefunctionofthefollowingdevices inlet separator adsorption tower cooler regeneration gasseparator A inletseparator remove freeliquids entrained mist andsolidparticles adsorptiontower filled witha granulargas drying materialto adsorbwater Cooler for condensingwater fromthe hotregeneration gas regenerationgasseparator to removewater fromthe regeneration gas stream 4 Describe theprocessofadsorption happenedinthe tower A As thewet inlet gas flowsdownward through thetowerontheadsorption cycle ail ofthe adsorbablegas ponentsare adsorbedat differentrates The water vapor isimmediately adsorbedinthetop layersofthe bed Dry hydrocarbongas ponents ethane propane butane etc passing ondown throughthe bedare alsoadsorbed withtheheavier ponentsdisplacing thelighter ponentsas thecycle proceeds As theupper layersof desiantbee saturated with water the lowerlayers beginto seewetgasand beginadsorbing thewatervapor displacing thepreviously adsorbedhydrocarbon ponents For eachponent intheinlet g