外研版八年级上册模块1重点知识讲解.docx

复习计划之M1 Words:1. practise v.练习 【例句】Practise saying the words. 【常用搭配】“practise （doing） sth”，practise后面不能接动词不定式，而要接名词，代词或动名词作宾语。2. meaning n.意义，含义【例句】Match the words with their meanings.【同族词】mean v.意味 meaningful a.有意义的，意味深长的 means n.方法，手段e.g： What does this idiom mean？ 这个习语什么意思？ The meaning of this idiom is “be all ears”. 这习语意思是聚精会神地听 This trip is so meaningful that we made quite a few friends.这旅行太有意义了，我们结交了相当多朋友。 The quickest means of transport is plane. 最快的交通工具是飞机。3translate v. 翻译【例句】This novel translates well. 这本小说译得很好。【常用搭配】 o./o.把译成; translate.for.为翻译【派生词 】translation n. 翻译; translator n.翻译者【活学活用】Can you translate this letter from German _ English?A. toB. asC. inD. into答案：D4. mistake n. 错误【例句】He often makes spelling mistakes. 他经常犯拼写错误。【常用搭配】 make mistakes 犯错误; correct mistakes 改正错误; by mistake 错误地。【拓展】mistake 还可用作动词,意思是“弄错,误解,把误认为”,常用在mistake.for.结构中,如:We often mistake Lucy for Lily.我们经常把露茜误认成莉莉。Whats wrong?I _ a big mistake in my homework.A. madeB. took C. did D. gave答案：A5. message n. 信息【例句】I have sent my mother a message to tell her I will go home late.我已经给母亲捎了个信儿,告诉她我晚点儿回家。【常用搭配】 send a message to.发送消息给;leave a message to.给留个话;take a message to.捎信给【近义词】 news 新闻、消息,是不可数名词。There is a (news, message) for you on the table. 答案：message 6. else adj.& adv. 其他【例句】No one else but Sam saw the accident. 除了山姆没有别人看到这起事故。【近义词】 other adj. 其他的 ，后面接名词。【用法】else用在疑问词之后, 如:What else do you want to say? 你还有什么想说的?它还常用在不定代词之后, 如:Id like something else . 我想要点别的东西。【同义句改写】What else do you want to buy?What would you to buy?答案： other things, like7.excellent adj. 卓越的，优秀的【例句】Jordanisanexcellentplayer. 乔丹是个出色的运动员。【同义词辨析】 excellent 既可形容物, 又可形容人, 如: excellent work 出色的工作;wonderful只形容物,“极好的,令人愉快的”,如:a wonderful place 一个好地方。【根据句意和首字母提示完成单词】Lets have a rest.Thats e.Im tired.答案：excellent 8.improve v. 提高【例句】 Many students ask for advice about how to improve their English. 很多学生询问我提高英语的建议。【考点】improve 在句中用作及物动词, 如:The people all over the world should improve the environment. 全世界的人都应该改善环境。9.watch n. 手表; v. 看【例句】 Would you like to watch the World Cup on TV with me?你愿意跟我一起在电视上观看世界杯吗?【考点】(1) watch作名词,其复数为watches。(2) watch作动词, 后常接电视,比赛等, 有“观望、观看、欣赏”之意。(3)同义词辨析: look at强调“看”的动作; see强调“看”的结果,看见; read指看书、报纸、地图、杂志。【活学活用】选词并用其适当形式填空watch/see/read/look at1)Please the blackboard.2)Have you him recently?3)Look! He_ English in the classroom.4)Tim Animal World on TV at that time.答案: 1)look at2)seen3)is reading4)was watching10. breath n. 呼吸【例句】Take a deep breath, and then you may feel relaxed. 深深地吸一口气,那样你会觉得轻松的。【考点】(1)派生词: breathe v.呼吸(2)常用搭配: hold ones breath 屏住呼吸;out of breath 气喘吁吁;under (ones) breath 压着嗓音。e.g: How long can you hold your breath? 你能屏住气多长时间?11. forget v. 忘记【例句】 Dont forget to write down the correct answers next to the mistakes. 别忘了在错误旁边写下正确的答案。【用法】 forget 后可接动词不定式，动名词或从句作宾语。e.g： I cant forget what happened that day. 我无法忘记那天所发生的事。【辨析】 forget doing 和forget to do 的区别，forget to do是忘记做某事，事情没做；forget doing 是忘记做过某事，事情已经做过了。e.g： Dont forget to close the window. 别忘了关窗。(窗子没关) I forgot closing the window. 我忘记我已经关上窗子了。（窗子已经关上了）12.together adv. 一起,共同【例句】The children played together in the street. 孩子们在街上一起玩。【考点】(1)together 是副词,常用于动词之后, 如: get together集合;(2)常见搭配: all together 一起，同时，总共; together with 和,连同。【活学活用】10.根据括号内汉语提示补全句子We should (一起工作) to build our country.答案：work togetherExpression1.look up查；查阅【例句】You can look up this word in the dictionary.【拓展】look up还有“向上看”之意。如：Lisa looked up at the sky and saw something strange.莉萨向上看天空，看见了一些奇怪的东西。【固定搭配】look at看 look for寻找 look after照顾 look through浏览look around环顾四周 look through浏览look out小心 look out of向外看look down向下看 look up to看得起；尊敬look down on看不起；尊敬2.write down 写下,记下【例句】Why not write down our mistakes in our notebooks? 为什么不把错误记在笔记本上呢？【考点】(1)同义词组: put down, 这里的down是副词, 代词要放在中间。(2)对比以down为中心的一些短语:turn down 关小 ,把(音量)调低 sit down 坐下lie down 躺下 fall down 跌倒go down 下沉,沿着走 slow down 放慢速度look down upon 轻视,看不起 walk down 沿着走【活学活用】用上面所提到的词组的正确形式填空1) the radio,please.Its too loud.2) the street until the end of it,and youll find the cinema.3)He Lees telephone number in the newspaper.答案：1)Turn down 2)Walk/Go down3)wrote down 2. ask for 请求【例句】He asked his father for ten yuan他向他父亲要了10元钱。【考点】(1)ask for sth.要求得到某物, 如:ask for advice 请求建议; ask for money 要钱。(2)ask sb.for sth.向某人要某物, 如:ask her parents for a bike 向父母要一辆自行车。【活学活用】You can your teacher some advice about it.A. help； with B. ask；to C. tell；about D. ask；for答案：D3.enjoy yourself 玩得愉快【例句】Did you enjoy yourself at the party? 你在宴会上愉快吗?【考点】(1)enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事(2)同义短语: have fun doing sth./have a good time【活学活用】.同义句改写They enjoyed themselves last weekend.Last weekend they .答案：had a good time4. agree with sb. 同意某人 注意区别agree 的搭配： agree with （与某人）持相同意见； agree to （对提议，计划，条件等）表同意，赞同 agree on 对取得一致意见 Step 4: Structure.1.Why not write down our mistakes in our notebooks?为什么不把错误记在我们的笔记本上呢?【剖析】why not?是一个提建议的句型,意思是“为什么不呢?”,而不是询问为什么不做某事。 如：Why not have a picnic this weekend？ 这周末为什么不去野餐呢？【拓展】Why dont you.?的同义句型是Why not.? 2.Its a good idea to check your vocabulary notebook every day.每天复习词汇笔记是个不错的办法。【剖析】句中it 是形式主语,后面的动词不定式短语to check your vocabulary notebook 是真正的主语。2)其句型是:It+be+adj./n.+to do sth.【拓展】 类似句型还有:It is ones duty to do sth.; It is important for sb.to do sth.; It is not necessary for sb.to do sth.等等。3.Many students ask for advice about how to improve their English. 许多学生寻求关于怎样提高英语（水平）的建议。【剖析】advice是名词，ask for advice 表“寻求建议”。如： I want to ask for advice about where to have a rest. 我想问问（应该）去哪里休息。 4.I like watching English films and listening to English song. 我喜欢看英语电影和听英语歌曲。【剖析】本句中，动名词短语watching English films 和 listening to English songs并列作动词like的宾语。如：My friend Lily likes watching movies and traveling. 我的朋友Lily喜欢看电影和旅游。5.I also advise you to talk about the films or songs with your friends.我还建议你和朋友们谈谈（所看的）电影或(所听的)歌曲。【剖析】advise是动词，advise sb. to do sth. 表示“建议某人做某事”。如： Tom advised me to see a movie. 汤姆建议我去看部电影。6.And when youre shopping, how about counting the English words, or saying the English names for everything you see?你在买东西时, 数数英语单词或说说你所见到的物品的英语名称怎么样?【剖析】(1)这是个含有when引导的时间状语从句的复合句。(2)How about.? 是一个提建议的句型, 意思是“怎么样?”【拓展】How about.?的同义句型是What about.?其后可接名词、代词或动名词。Step 5：grammar 提建议的几种表达方法本单元的重点句型是向人提建议，总结其用法如下： 句型意思举例You should/shouldnt.你应该/不应该We should always speak English in the class.You shouldnt copy others homework.How/What about.?怎么样?What about going for a picnic?Why dont you/Why not.?为什么不?Why not ask the teacher for help?Dont forget.别忘了Dont forget to read an English story.Try to.努力Try to remember ten words a day.Try not to.尽量不要Try not to look up the words in a dictionary while reading.Shall we.?我们好吗?Shall we go to see Mr.Black?Lets.让我们吧。Lets listen to music and films in English.Youd better (not).你最好(不要)Youd better not play with fire.前面我们已经学习过一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时和现在进行时，下面进行系统的归纳。时态构成时间状语用法例句一般现在时主语+do/be(主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词也要变为相应的第三人称单数)Often，usually，always，sometimes，at times,every day,from time to time, seldom,never表示经常性，习惯性动作或状态，常与表频率的时间状语连用。描述现在的状态，能力，性质等。表示客观真理，客观存在，客观事实和格言表示按时间表或拟定好到时间就发生的动作I usually go to school by bus.I like readingThe moon moves around the sun.The train to Shanghai leaves at 9：00. 一般过去时主语+did;主语+was/wereYesterday,ago, one day, the day bofore yesterday,long ago, the other day,just now, in the past在过去某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。过去经常性或习惯性发生的动作或状态。有when，while，before，after等引导的表过去时间的状语从句。Long long ago, there lived a mmonk. I usually got up every late in the past.It was raining when he called me.一般将来时主语+will/shall+do;主语+be+going to do主语+be doingTomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in a day/week,soon,in the future, some day表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。be going to表示根据迹象表明将要发生的事或打算计划准备做某事，will表主观上将要做某事。表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，fly，arrive等，常用现在进行时表即将发生的动作。We are going abroad next year. Look at the dark clouds!Its going to rain.Your mother is coming to see you.现在进行时主语+be+doingNow, at the moment, these days, this week/month表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作；与always，usually 等频度副词连用，表示赞扬，厌恶或不满等情绪。Im writing a book this month.Farmers are always working hard in the files.典题精讲例1 （2010烟台中考）Would you mind if I close the window? .A. With pleasure B. Yes,please C. Of course not D. Thats a good idea思路解析：问句为“你介意我关上窗子吗？”With pleasure.是用来回答别人让自己做事的时候表示“非常荣幸”。B项内容自相矛盾，Yes是指“介意”，但是please表示“请关吧”，不合适。C项“当然不介意”符合句意。D项用来回答别人的提议，而此处前句是请求。答案：C例2（2010乐山中考）This backpack doesnt look smart.Could you show me one?A.the otherB.others C.otherD.another思路解析：语境为买背包时的对话。A指“另一个”，暗示只有两个，卖的包不可能只有两个。B项others与one不搭配，C项other通常后加复数，D项表示很多中的“另一个”。答案：D例3（2010厦门中考）You speak English very well.You must have a good English teacher.But no one taught me.I learned it all by .A.meB.IC.mineD.myself 思路解析：此题题意是“你英语说得很好,你一定有个好的英语老师吧。”“没人教我,我是自学的。” learn.by oneself“自学”。答案:D绿色通道：解此类题应注意反身代词常用于一些固定搭配中,如:teach oneself(自学),hurt oneself(伤到自己),look after oneself(照顾自己),enjoy oneself(玩得高兴),leave.by oneself(把 单独留下),help oneself to.(随便吃点儿),behave oneself (举止得体)。例4（2010湖北宜昌中考）Fathers Day is coming.Im going back home to see my father. .A.Give my best wishes to him B.Its very kind of youC.Say goodbye to him,please D.See you soon思路解析：此题是一道考查交际用语的题目,题意是“父亲节就要到来,我要回家看我父亲”。另一人说“请转达我对你父亲的问候”。转达问候还可以用say hello to sb.或 remember me to sb.。答案:A黑色陷阱：本题有两处陷阱。一是受汉语言文化的影响可能认为回家探望父亲很有孝心,故错选B,意思是“你真是太好了”。二是认为你就要回家了应向你告别,因此错选D项,意思是“再见”。例5（2010潍坊中考）People everywhere celebrate(庆贺) the New Year. is a time to say goodbye to the past and to think about new beginnings.A.ThatB.ItC.ThisD.Such思路解析：it可以用于指代时间，表示“新年是一个辞旧迎新的时刻”。此处it代替“新年”这一时间。答案：A.词汇 A.根据首字母提示和句意完成单词1.How about lto the radio?2.Now,let me show you how to lEnglish.3.Why dont you write dyour mistakes?4.Im going to meet my pfriend this term.5.Can you give me some a?My English is so poor.6.I enjoy w English films and l to real English songs.7.The students should speak English all the t in English class.8.Many students ask for advice about i their English.9.Did you enjoy y at the party?10.Write the words on p of paper and place them in your bedroom.答案：1. listening; 2. learn ; 3. down ; 4. pen; 5. advice; 6. watching, listening; 7. time; 8. Improving; 9. yourself/yourselves; 10. PiecesB.用所给单词的正确形式填空11.Why does Charlie think (borrow) magazines might be a good idea?12.How about (listen) to the radio in English?13.There are many (different) between the two factories.14.Why did you want (invite) your friend to your club?15.Can you tell me how I can practice (speak)