英语语音及拼读规则

英语语音及拼读规则,48个音素1.20 个元音（vowels） 单元音 前元音 i: i e 中元音 : 后元音 a: : u u: 双元音 开合双元音 ei ai i u au集中双元音 i u,2.28个辅音（ consonants） 爆破音 清辅音 p t k 浊辅音 b d g 摩擦音 清辅音 f s h 浊辅音 v z r 破擦音 清辅音 t tr ts 浊辅音 d dr dz 鼻音（浊辅音） m n 舌侧音（浊辅音） l 半元音 （浊辅音） w j ,3.元音字母在开音节与闭音节中的发音：1)开音节A)相对开音节：1个元音字母+ 1个辅音字母（r除外）+不发音的e 结尾 game, nice, make, these, homeB)绝对开音节：1个辅音字母+ 1个发音元音字母 结尾 的重读音节 go be me by cry she he student, baby,2）闭音节一个元音字母+一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）结尾的重读音节称为闭音节。例：map, desk, is little,3）元音字母在开、闭音节中的发音,元音字母在单词中的特殊发音1. a在w音后面 want what watch wash quality 但waterw:t（英）2.a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 a: after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father,3.i在-nd -ld和gh前 ai find child light high 4.o在-st -ld前 u most postcard old cold 5.o在m n v th前 come monkey love mother,4.元音字母在非重读音节中的发音 元音字母在非重读音节中一般发/ i /或 / / 如： a在非重读音节中的发音： / about, breakfast, camera； /i/ orange, language； 不发音：festival,e在非重读音节中的发音：/ camera, children, comedy；/i/ because, basketball, chicken；/i:/:maybe(注:e在maybe中也可发短音/i/.)；不发音：every, interesting,i(y)在非重读音节中是发这三种音：/ activity, April；/i/ difficult, English ；/ai/: exercise, ideal,o在非重读音节中的发音略有变化：/ carrot, computer, introduce，history；/u/ hotel, November, photo,u在非重读音节中有四种发音 / August, chorus /ju/ documentary, singular /u/或/u:/:July； /i/:minute,5.元音字母与元音字母组合发音规则 ai /ei/ aid aim afraid explain wait waiter paid campaign rain grain remain chain gain train tail rail railway laid Spain training raincoat fail waitress daily pain mainly main sail e-mail paint straight complain/i/ bargain captain mountain/e/against again said不发音certain curtain certainly,au/ :/autumn August author astronaut pause cause fault launch caught/Australia Austria because /:/aunt laugh laughter /restaurant,ay/e/ daybreak maybe playground someday birthday day today weekday pay repay pray way highway away say essay may stay lay play delay/ Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday,ea/i:/easy eat east each eager ease best cheap clean leaf mean dream creature sea tea /e/ bread breakfast breath head ready treasure health/e/ break great greatly greatness yea/ hearing real realize theatre idea area Korea 其它/ ocean /不发音/ beauty,ee /i:/green deed jeep street Greece agree bee see knee tree three greedy free degree teeth feet geese thirteen teenager heel/i/ coffee,ei /i:/ either receive ceiling seize neither /ai/ either neither height /ei/ eight neighbor,ey/i:/ key/e/ hey obey grey they okey / volleyball money honey monkey journey valley,ia /j/ Canadian Christian Italian Oceania Indian/i/ pianist librarian material memorial Australia bacteria/ai/ diary diamond trial,ie / i:/ believe field piece niece achievement belief species / ai / die tie lie/ ai / quiet science society scientist variety/ / experience nutrient,io/j/union million opinion champion companion/idiot idiom period/a/lion violin pioneer/religion suspicion fashion,iou/ curious obvious serious various mysterious behaviour/ conscious anxious precious religious,iu/j/stadium genius radium /Belgium,oa /oak (橡树 ) coal charcoal(木炭) goat Joan road boat throat float coast goal /:/ broad broadcast,oe/Joe toe Crusoe tiptoe/u:/ canoe shoe,oi / oy/ i / oil join noise voice point soil boil disappointed poison choice boy boyhood joy enjoy overjoy destroy toy joyful voyage,oo /u:/ choose tooth food moon cool loose room too zoo bamboo boot shoot/ book good wood foot bedroom classroom/ blood flood,ou /a/ out about mouth loud trousers house blouse mountain south/ country young trouble double southern couple touch cousin courage/u: / group route wound you/ soul shoulder/ famous nervous favourite moustache poisonous dangerous delicious,ui / i /build / u:/ fruit uy /a/ buy guy,6.元音字母与辅音字母组合的发音 al - : all call ball wall walk 有时发 :l also salt always almost aw : saw law draw air - air hair chair,ew - ju: new few sew u: blew threw flew (r+ew, l+ew)eer- i pioneer volunteerear i ear near hear dear clear pear bear : year early eigh ei eight weight ）,ign ai signigh ai light night bright right fight flight (gh 不发音,oar /:/ board ow know row slow throw snow au how now cow crowd brown town flower downoor : door floor (注意poor pu )ough - : bought brought thoughtour - : your four au our hour colour neighbour,7.r音节 (元音字母+r) ar / : / car garden, market, park /: / warm 在/w/后常发 /: / / / dollar,er /: / her dessert /: / clerk / /answer, computer, daughter, concert, summer, shower, exercise ir /: / first thirteen bird or / : / for, sport, shorts, morning, born /: / word, work, world ur /: / Thursdayturn burn survey / / Saturday,8.re音节(元音字母+re ) are / / share hare ere / / there where /i / here ire /ai / tired fire hire ore /:/ before, store ure /u / sure / / picture, lecture,辅音字母及辅音字母组合在单词中的发音 b / b/ 如： bag bed ble bl able table possible c k cap，cup，cold，clothes， s nice，city，bicycle， ocean，special，precious， ch t teach，child，change，chair， k school，chemical，headache， ck k quickly，cock，back，pick. cle kl uncle，circle，bicycle，,d / d / hand desk beddge： d bridge，judge，knowledge，g g get，big，game，bag， d danger，energy，engineer. change，village，huge，gh f langh，cough，enough gn n sign，design，campaign，kn n know，knife，knee，knit，,n n not，kind，line，son. ng sing，young，wrong，thing， g english England language， nk k tank，ink，think，bank，,ph f photo，telephone，physics. ple pl apple，people，example. qu kw quick，quiet，question，,s s works，stops，books，roofs. z boys years， teachers，songs， sc s science，scent，scissor， sh fish，she，wash，sheep， sion n conclusion，invasion， ssion /n / expression，discussion， stle sl castle， whistle，rustle， tal tl capital，hospital， tain tn britain，certain，,th/或一部分代词中，读e 如：with，the，they，then，though，在实词中，读 如：three，bath，think，youth，字母组合tion：读n 如：nation，station，dictionary，字母组合tle：在词尾读tl 如：gentle，battle，bottle,字母组合ture：读t 如：picture，nature，mixture，字母组合tch:读t 如：catch，watch，kitehen，字母组合wh：通常情况下，读w 如：when，white，wheat，where，在o之前，读h 如：who，whose，whole，whom，字母组合wr：读 如：write，wrong，wrist，字母x：在词尾，或在清辅音之前，读ks 如：six