九年级英语中考阅读理解解题技巧点拨ppt课件.ppt

一 阅读理解的重要性 近几年中考 英语阅读理解题的难度在不断增大 尤其还增加了任务性阅读 阅读还原 在英语试卷中 阅读理解在分数上占相当大的比重 所以起到至关重要的作用 如果阅读理解没有做好 那么就很难在考试中取得高分 可以这样说中考成败在于阅读 既然阅读理解如此重要 如何提高阅读理解的解题速度和解题正确率就成为一个非常现实的话题 这也是陈芳老师要求我们大家在这里探讨的目的 阅读材料的选取及其原则2月中旬到3月中旬 三 下册 教材 第二单元的课文和拓展阅读文章 3月中旬 一摸选用各区县上学期末试卷中的C D篇阅读 中等以上同学增加几篇难度大的文章 3 一摸后选用后各区县的模拟试卷 中等以上的同学增加一本高一阅读 题材广泛 科普 社会 文化 经济 热点话题 等5 体裁多样 包阔记叙文 说明文 应用文等 常用的解题方法有如下几种 直接解题法 即从原文中直接找出答案 归纳解题法 对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括 归纳得出正确答案 综合推理法 读者需统观全文 认真分析 综合推理及至计算 最后归纳出正确答案 题干中有 suggest conclude conclusion probably reason because accordingto 等字眼时 属于推断概括型 考查内容着眼于全篇 考生应具备一定的分析归纳 推理等逻辑思维能力 捕捉关键词 在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词 近义词 反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案 转换解题法 即原文这么说 而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法 但仍表示同一含义 排除法 根据语言 句法结构 信息词和常识 在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案 主题句 找主题句获取段落的主旨和大意 主题句通常在句首或句尾找 A 主旨大意型 B 事实细节型 C 词义猜测型 D 推理判断型 题型 阅读理解考查的主要题型 一 先读问题 弄清考查要点 二 快速浏览全文 掌握MainIdea 三 细读原文 捕捉相关信息词 1 抓住四个 W 和一个 H 2 抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词 代词 介词 插入语等3 注意领会文章的寓意4 根据题意 初选答案四 重读原文 仔细斟酌核对答案 阅读理解做题顺序 中考阅读理解主旨大意类题型技巧 1 Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus 2 Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage 3 Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea 4 Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext 5 Thebesttitleforthisarticleis 6 What sthebesttitleforthispassage 7 Whatisthetopicofthepassage 1 mainidea型 即 主题型 2 topic或title型 即 标题型 主旨大意题的常见的提问形式 Howtograspthemainideaofapassage 技巧 剔除细节或论据 找到主题句 topicsentence Mr andMrs Bellareveryforgetful Forexample Mr BellsometimesgoestohisofficeforworkonSundaymorning forhethinksitisMonday AndMrs Bellsome timesforgettocooksupperforthefamily OnesummertheyplannedtoflytoNewYork Theygottotheairportonlytenminutesbeforetheplanetookoff Sotimewasshort ButsuddenlyMrs BellsaidshemusttellAlice theirdaughter nottoforgettolockthefrontdoorwhenshewenttoschool Whereisthetopicsentence 典型例题分析 结论 主题句在段首或文首 Example1 1 Themainideaofthispassageis A Mr andMrs Bellareveryforgetful B Mr andMrs BellplannedtoflytoNewYork C Mr andMrs Bellareveryold A Whenyoucoughorsneeze you dbetterturnyourheadawayfromothersandcoveryourmouthwiththefullpartofyourhand Andthen youshouldsay Excuseme Ifyoucometoadoorandsomeoneisfollowingyou holdthedoor Ifthedooropensbypulling pullitopen standtotheside andallowtheotherpersontopassthroughfirst thenyoucanwalkthrough Ifthedooropensbypushing holdthedoorafteryoupassthrough Whenwehavetogoupmovingstairs wewillstandtotheright Thatwillgiveotherswhoareinahurryachoiceofwalkinguptheleft handsideofthemovingstairs Whenwearegoingtoenteralift theunderground oradoorway wewillwaitforotherstoexitbeforeweenter Example2 典型例题分析 2009年北京市中考题 B 54 Thepassageismainlyabout A therulesofbehaviorinpublicB theeasyofcommunicationC theactsofkindnessamongpeopleD theknowledgeofsociallife 结论 主题句在每一段的首尾句或文中 需提炼归纳 主题句位于段首主题句位于段末位于第一段第二句 最后一段倒数第二句主题句隐含在段意之中 归纳概括 A 主旨大意 B 事实细节 D 推理判断 题型 E 归纳解题法 C 捕捉关键词 You rejustintime Joe We regoingtoplaycowboysandIndians AndyoucanbetheIndians oneofmycousinssaid HowmanyIndians Iasked Oh aboutathousand heanswered andbeforeIcouldsayno IwaspushedoutintothenightandIbecameathousandIndians 1 HowmanychildrenplayedtheIndians A OnethousandB OnehundredC OnegroupD One 结论 捕捉关键词 结合上下句 在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的关键词 Example1 典型例题分析 andbeforeIcouldsayno IwaspushedoutintothenightandIbecameathousandIndians TwominuteslaterIwasrunninginthefieldswithagroupofcowboysbehind Theshoutsof Afterthem Let scatchthekillers andothersuchTV playlanguagecameintomyearsasIranroundacorner 2 WhydidJoe scousinsaythatJoewasjustintime Because A therewerenotenoughchildrenforthegameB thegamewasjustgoingtostartC noneofhiscousinswantedtobetheIndiansD theywerewaitingforJoe结论 综合推理认真分析 综合推理 最后归纳出正确答案 Example2 典型例题分析 Allofmycousinsexceptonewerealwaysveryfriendlywithme Itwasquietoutside AndIwentoutofthecartohavealook JustthenIheardashout Bringtherope andwecanburnhim OnlyIndiansburnpeople Cowboys Istoppedjustintime Ihadalmostsaid Cowboyshangpeople Iwastiedtoatree andthecowboyswerelookingforsomewoodwhenmydearmothercalled We releavingnow 3 Joedidn tsay Cowboyshangpeople outbecause A hewastiedtoatreeB thatwouldmakethingsworseC hewascaughtbythecowboysD thatwouldmakethecowboysangry结论 归纳解题法通过认真分析 最后归纳出正确答案 Example3 典型例题分析 WhydidBobbywantmatches 火柴 Mumaskedwhenwewereinthecar HewasaskingDadwhetherhehadany Oh hewasjustgoingto matches MATCHES Areyousurehewantedmatches Motherwasquitesure andIdidn tsayanymore 4 WhichofthefollowingisTRUE A OneofJoe scousinswaslookingformatches B Daddidn twanttogivethechildrenanymatches C Bobbywantedtogetsomematchesfromhisfather D Mumdidn tthinkchildrenshouldplaywithmatches 结论 事实细节题 采取排除法 典型例题分析 Example4 WhydidBobbywantmatches 火柴 Mumaskedwhenwewereinthecar HewasaskingDadwhetherhehadany Oh hewasjustgoingto matches MATCHES Areyousurehewantedmatches Motherwasquitesure andIdidn tsayanymore 5 Thenameofthestoryshouldbe A JoeandhiscousinsB WhoknowswhatdangeriswaitingthereC Cowboys and Indiansisafavouritechildren sgameD HowcowboysandIndiansfoughtinthepast结论 此题属于主旨大意题 考查内容着眼于全篇 考生应具备一定的分析 推理等逻辑思维能力 Example5 典型例题分析 总之教学有法 教无定法 贵在得法 除了一些必要的方法和策略外 更重要的是要根据教材的内容 学生的特点等相关条件来确定 不能照搬专家的理论 照模式上课 我们应该有创造性的使用教材 阅读时必须忠实于原文 不可脱离文本凭空想象 并做到深度阅读培养学生健康的情感 提升他们的精神境界 以便在文章中能与作者产生共鸣 更好的理解作者的意图 海量阅读 以期有质的飞跃 Summary 1 通过阅读积累词汇2 通过阅读巩固语法3 通过做题技巧提高做题速度4 通过阅读丰富 拓宽学生的文化视野5 通过阅读训练学生的意志品质和提高情商6 通过阅读提高学生的学习兴趣和积极性7 通过阅读可以与作者分享人生感悟8 通过阅读提高中考成绩 老师们用我们的爱心 耐心持之以恒努力加油 争取为我区的英语教育尽微薄之力 Doourlittlehelp Summary Thanksforlistening Thanksforlistening CLOZE完形填空 IMAGINATIONISTHEBASICWAYTOCLOZE 联想 是解答 完形填空 的根本方法 对比联想COMPARATIVEIMAGINATION接近联想CLOSEIMAGINATION因果联想CAUSALIMAGINATION常识联想GENERALKNOWLEDGEIMAGINATION多种联想COMPREHENSIVEIMAGINATION 无主题句 怎么办 THESORTSOFREADINGCOMPREHENSION阅读题型的基本模式 1 中心归纳题2 作者态度 语气理解题3 单词 短语 句子理解题4 图示 数字推断辨析题 5 指代关系题6 计算题7 细节理解题8 推理理解题9 常识题10 标题选择题 一 无主题句题型 解题要领 A 干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节 B 干扰项可能属从文中某些 不完全的 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论 C 干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断 D 正确项是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的 但不能太笼统 言过其实或以偏概全 选项对比筛选法 一 无主题句题型 解题要领 归纳提炼法 有些文章或段落无明显的主题句 只是暗示性地体现主题 在阅读过程中注意段或段的关系 整合段落大意 或是根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来提炼归纳主旨大意 首尾呼应 整合每一段的主题句 文尾 文首 2 无主题句类 1 有主题句类 主旨大意 Summary 高频词 对比筛选法 归纳提炼法 典型例题分析根据内容 从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项 MrBrownfirstwenttolookattheunderground firewhenhewasseven Throughthehole 洞 intheearthyoucouldseetheorangefire butyouhadtolookfastbecauseitwassohot saidMrBrown In1898 hesawthefireoncemore 再一次 Now wecanonlyseethesmoke ThefireMrBrownsawisnottheunderground fire Infact thereare260coal 煤 firesintheworld Theyareharmful 有害 anddangerous Thenhowtoputthemout Scientistshavetriedtoset 放置 firetoundergroundcoaltospeedup 加速 thefires Inthisway theburning 燃烧 ofundergroundcoalwouldbesoonfinished 被烧完 1 MrBrownfirstsawtheunderground fire A attheageofsevenB sevenyearsoldC intheyearof1898D morethan 超过 80yearsago2 MrBrownsaidthatwehadtotakeafastlookatthefirebecause A itwasintheholeB itwasveryhotC itwasorangeD itwasharmful3 Howmanycoalfiresarethereintheworld A There sonlyone B It shardtosay C Thereare260 D Thearticle 文章 doesn ttellus A B C 4 What soneofthebestwaystoputout 扑灭 theundergroundfire A Tocover 覆盖 theholeswithstones 石块 B Tospeedupthefires C Toseethefiresburning D Todosomeexperiments 试验 5 Whatisthebesttitle 标题 forthearticle A WatchingtheUnderground Fire B AWaytoPutOuttheCoalFires C TheBurningEarth D CoalandCoalFires B B 分析 1 在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依据 attheageofseven等于whenhewasseven 故正确答案为A 2 这一题可以在第一段里直接找到答案 属于直接回答题 正确答案为B 3 这一题可以在第二段里直接找到答案 属于直接回答题 正确答案为C 4 在文章的最后一段提到了扑灭火的最好方法 那就是使火加速燃烧 正确答案为B 5 完成这道题需作一定的归纳 因为文章中没有给出直接的回答 文章从MrBrown两次看火 然后说出地下火的危害 最后提出如何灭火的方法 文章的前两段是给为什么要灭火和如何灭火铺垫 如何灭火才是文章的中心 故正确答案为B 阅读理解题型 tureorfause A B CorD Answerthequestions 一 根据文章内容判断正误Fredtelephonedhiswife I vegottwofreeticketsforthetheatretonight hetoldher Meetmeoutsidetheoffice We llhavesomethingtoeatandthengoontothetheatre Fred swifewasverypleased Theyhadn tbeentothetheatreforalongtime Shemetherhusbandashetoldher Theyhaddinnerandgottothetheatrejustintime AttheentranceFredtookouthiswallettogetthetickets It sverystrange hesaid Theyaren there Tryyourpockets saidhiswife Buttheticketsweren tthere either ThenFredlookedveryembarrassed 尴尬 What sthematter askedhiswife Well Fredsaid IrememberwhatIdidwithmytickets Iputtheminmybag ButbecauseIwasn tgoinghome Ileftitintheoffice 1 Oneday Fredwasgiventheticketsforthetheatre 2 Fredandhiswifewenttothetheatrequiteoften 3 Fredwantedtomeethiswifeinarestaurant 4 Theyreachedthetheatreneitherlatenorearly 5 ThenFredcouldn tfindhisticketsandrememberedwhathehaddonewiththetickets 1 T因为第一段中提到Fredtoldhiswife I vegottwofreetickets free 此处是免费的意思 2 F第二段中提到 Theyhadn tbeentothetheaterforalongtime 3 F第一段中Fred说 Meetmeoutsidetheoffice 4 T第二段中 intime 是及时的意思 5T结尾处提到的 DavidMcConnellsoldbooksfromdoortodoor Housewives 家庭主妇 werenotinterestedinthebooks Usuallybeforehehadenoughtimetosayanythingabouthisbooks thewomenclosedtheirdoors Buthedidn tgiveup McConnelldecidedtobringeachofthemapresent asmallbottleofperfume 香水 madebyhimself Hesoonfoundthatthewomenlikedtheperfumebetterthanthebooks Hestoppedsellingbookstosellperfumeinsteadandstartedhisowncompany Avon whichisagreatsuccess Whenyoudonothing youlearnnothing Butwhenyoutry eventhoughyouarenotsuccessful youwilllearnwhatdoesn tworkandthatputsyouclosertowhatwillwork Itdoesn tmatterhowmanytimesyouarenotsuccessful Itdoesmatterthatyouwillbesuccessfuloneday Edisonwasnotonthewaytosuccessuntilpeopleboughthisfirstinvention SuccessonceisenoughforEdison Andthesameforyou successonceisenough 1 McConnellwassuccessfulasabook seller 2 McConnellhopedthosewomenwouldbuyhisbooksifhebroughtthemeachapresent 3 Ifyoudonothingatall youwillneverbesuccessful 4 Edisonwassuccessfulattheverybeginning 5 Thewriterencouragedustotryasmuchaswecan FTTFT 1 F从第一段 Hestoppedsellingbookstosellperfumestead 可以判断出他在推销书方面并不成功 2 T第一段第三行提到 McConnelldecidedtobringeachofthemapresent 3 T这句是第二段前两句的解释 4 F最后一段 第一句说明Edison的发明被人们认可后才走上了成功之路 5 T第二段中作者提出了自己的观点 Sociologists 社会学家 workinginwesterncountries havefoundthatalargenumberofwomenwishedtheyhadbeenbornmen Thenumberissaidtobeashighas60 inGermany Womenoftenwishtheyhadthesamechancesasmenhave andthinkitisstillmen sworld saidDrJamesHelen oneofthesociologistswhodidthestudy Manymensaythattheyhavemoredutiesthanwomen Amanhastomakemoneytosupport 养活 hisfamilyandtomaketheimportantdecision soitisrightformentobepaidmore Someareevenagainsttheirwivesworkingatall Whenwivesgoouttowork theysay thehomeandchildrencannotbe takengoodcareof Ifwomentakefull timejobs theywon tbeabletodowhattheyarebestatdoing makinganicehomeandbringingupthechildren Somewomendisagree Theysaytheywanttogetoutoftheirhomesandtohavefreedom 自由 tochoosebetweenworkandhomelife Womenhavetherightofequalpayandequalchances 平等机会 AnneHarperhasaverygoodjob Shealsobelievesin Women sLiberation 解放 Idon twishIwereaman shesays andIdon tthinkmanywomendo ButIdowishpeoplewouldstoptreating 对待 uslikesecond classpeople Atwork forexample weusuallydotheworkthatmendobutgetpaidless Therearestillalotofjobsonlytomen usuallytheyarethebestones Ifyouareaman youhaveamuchbetterchanceoflivingawonderfullife Howmanywomenscientistsarethere orengineers 1 manymenthink A womencan tdowhatmencanB menhavetoworkmuchharderthanwomenC mencanmakemoneymoreeasilythanwomenD women sdutyismainlytodohouseworkathome 1 D这是一道概括主旨的题 答此题的依据是第三段内容 这段开头两句话说的是重男 那么不言而喻 家务活和教育子女的任务应有妇女承担 另有一些男士则公开反对女士外出工作 可见 不少男士认为妇女的主要职责是在家料理家务 2 Somewomenhavedifferentideas Theysaythat A womenneedchancestogooutofthehomemoreoftenB womenwantmorefreedomindecidingthekindoflifetheywantC ifwomenaregivenequalpay theycandoeverythinginsteadofmenD womenarenolongerinterestedintakingcareoftheirhomes 2 B一些妇女持不同观点 文中第四段反映了他们的意见 这也正是文章的中心思想的写作意图 争取人权平等 妇女自由 男女平等 3 AnneHarperdidn twishtobeaman A becauseshebelievedin Women sLiberation B butshewishedtogetthesamejobsasmenC becauseshehadgotagoodjobD butshewishedtotreatedthesameasaman 3 D安妮 哈珀不希望自己是男士 但她希望社会像对待男士一样对待她 该题是一考查细节的题 答案在最后一段 4 AnneHarperthoughtthat A womenshouldliveabetterlifethanmenB womenshouldbereallyliberatedC womenshouldbegivenbetterjobsthanmenD womenshouldliveamorewonderfullife 4 B安妮 哈珀的想法正是作者的意图 如最后一段写到 Shealsobelievesin Women sLiberation 然后她又列举了许多事实 其立意还是为了说明这一正确论点 5 Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage A Therearemoremenscientists engineersthanwomenones B Womenaresecond classpeople sotheyshouldn tliveabetterlife C Womendothesamejobsasmen butgetpaidlessthanmen D TherearesomebestJobsthatwomenhavefewchancestotake 5 B选题B的观点在文中没有出现 文中男士尽管摆出种种理由 但还没有人敢明目张胆地发表歧视妇女的观点 即把妇女作为二等公民 认为妇女不应生活的更美好 Haveyoueverheldatoyballoon 气球 Theyareverylight Buttherearemuchbiggerballoons Theseballoonscanflyveryhighupinthesky Theyarebigenoughtocarrypeople Theyarecalledhot airballoons Tomakeahot airballoongoup turnontheburner 燃烧器 Thatwillmaketheairinsidetheballoonhotter Thentheballoonwillgoup Tomaketheballoongodown turnofftheburner Theairinsidetheballoonwillgetcooler Thentheballoonwillgodown Underneath 在 下面 theballoonthereisalargebasket Thatiswherethepilot 飞行员 andthepassengers 乘客 go Theburnerisjustabovethebasket Youcanstandinthebasketandturntheburneronandoff Theballoonwillgowherethewindblowsit Doyouwanttheballoontogosomewherespecial Firstmakesurethewindisblowingtherightway Peoplehavebeenflyinginhot airballoonsforovertwohundredyears Beforeplanesitwastheonlywayofflying Todaypeopleflyinhotairballoonsforfun Somepeopleliketoracehot airballoons ThefirstHot AirBalloonWorldChampionship 锦标赛 washeldin1973 1 Ahot airballoonis A smallerthanatoyballoonB biggerthanatoyballoonC thesameasatoyballoonD lighterthanatoyballoon 1 B由 Buttheyaremuchbiggerballoons 可知 这里的比较级是与前面 atoyballoon 相比较 2 Wherewillyousitifyouwanttoflyintheballoon A Insidethebasket B OntopoftheballoonC UnderthebasketD Insidetheballoon 2 A这是一篇有关热气球的科普文章 需要考生熟知有关热气球的基本常识 热气球有燃烧器 也可叫加热器 打开燃烧器 气球内气体被加热 气球会上升 反之就下降 气球下面是一个大篮子 飞行员或乘客在此处 燃烧器在篮子上方 热气球总要随风向飞行 3 Youwanttheballoontogoup Soyouwill A jumpoutiftheballoonB lettheairoutoftheballoonC maketheairinsidetheballoonhotterD lettheairinsidetheballooncooldown 3 C由第二段的叙述可知 4 Nowyouarehighupinthesky Ifyouwanttheballoongodown youwill A makeyourfriendsgetoutofthebasketB makeaholeintheballoonwithaknifeC maketheairinsidetheballoonhotterD maketheairinsidetheballooncooler 4 D由第三段的叙述可知 5 Noweverythingisallright Theballoonisflyingacrossthesky Whereareyougoing A Towardsthesun B Totheseaside C Wherethewindblowsyou D Tothenearestmountains 5 C由第六段的叙述可知 4 Bobwashappy Hewasatanewschool andtheotherstudentswerefriendly Hi Bob theysaid Butsomestudentssaid Hi Peter Bobdidn tunderstand Heaskedanotherstudent WhydosomestudentscallmePeter Oh that seasytoanswer thestudentssaid Petewasastudentherelastyear Nowhegoestoadifferentschool YoulooklikePeter Somestudentsthinkthatyou rePeter BobwantedtomeetPeter HegotPeter saddressfromastudentandwenttoPeter shouse Peteropenedthedoor Bobcouldn tbelievehiseyes HelookedreallylikePeter BobandPeterhadthesamecoloureyesandthesamesmile Theyhadthesameblackhair Theyalsohadthesamebirthday Andtheybothwereadopted 领养 bytwodifferentfamilies BobandPeterfoundoutthattheyweretwinbrothers Soonaftertheboyswereborn onefamilyadoptedBob andanotherfamilyadoptedPeter Bob sfamilyneverknewaboutPeter andPeter sfamilyneverknewaboutBob BobandPeter sstorywasinthenewspaper TherewasaphotoofBobandPeternexttothestory AyoungmannamedJohnsawthephotointhenewspaper Johncouldn tbelievehiseyes HelookedreallylikeBobandPeter Hehadthesamecoloureyesandthesamesmile Hehadthesameblackhair Hehadthesamebirthday Andhe too wasadoptedbyanotherfamily LaterJohnmetBoband