沪教牛津版英语七年级下册Unit1学习要点汇总

unit 1 people around us 重点单词 重点单词 person n 人 cheerful adj 快乐的 高兴的 hard working adj 勤勉的 努力的 smart adj 聪明的 forget v 忘记 patient adj 耐心的 n 病人 probably adv 可能 care 照顾 smell n 气味 v 闻起来 miss v 想念 错过 joke 玩笑 laugh 笑 remain 保持 strict 严格 encourage v 鼓励 support 支持 successful adj 获得成功的 success n 成功 member 成员 paragraph n 段落 dress n 连衣裙 v 给 穿 衣服 die v 死 非延续性 三单 dies 过去式 died 现在分词 dying dead adj death n 常考短语 常考短语 as well as 也 和 一样 take care of look after 照顾 tell jokes 讲笑话 make fun of 取笑 all day and all night 整日整夜 go to work 去工作 give up 放弃 be strict about 对 严格 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 be strict in sth 对某事严格 辨析 Stop doing sth 停止做某事 将 stop 后的动作停止 The boy stopped laughing Stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 停止其他事情 开始做 stop 后的动作 The boy stopped to laugh Forget doing sth 表示 忘记做过某事 做完了 He forgot buying this scarf in Paris Forget to do sth 表示 忘记去做某事 还没做 I forget to give him the book 经典句型 经典句型 1 She is good at be good at 意为 擅长 在 方面做得好 at 后跟名词 代词或动名词 与 do well in 意思相近 Eg I m good at Chinese I do well in Chinese She is good at swimming He swimming What subjects you 你擅长哪些科目 2 What do you think of 你认为 觉得 怎么样 用来询问对方对某人 事的看法 态度 回答时可以根据自己的看法来作出评价 可用 How do you like 替换 Eg What do you think of the movie How do you like the movie 3 Why not do sth why don t you do sth 为什么不做某事 句型中的动词都用原形 用来提出自己的建议或征求对方的意见 Eg Why not join us Why not go shopping 表建议的句型还有 How about what about Let s do Shall we 4 询问工作的句型 询问工作的句型 what do does 主语 do What is are 主语 What is sb s job 详细讲解 详细讲解 1 person n 人 pl persons people person 可数名词 指具体的 个人 侧重于个体 无性别之分 e g Do you know the person over there people 作 人 讲时是集体名词 表复数概念 泛指 人们 People love having cats as pets 注意 当 people 作 民族 讲时是个体名词 复数是 peoples e g The English speaking peoples share a common language 2 cheerful 高兴的 快乐的 例 Do you know why she is so cheerful 近义词 happy glad 拓展 ful 是一个形容词的后缀 某些动词或名词之后加 ful 构成形容词 表示具有某种性质 Help helpful 有帮助的 thank thankful 感激的 Care careful 仔细的 use useful 有用的 cheer n 欢呼 v 欢呼 使 高兴 加油 e g Her help brought cheer to our hearts She failed the exam and we want to cheer her up 各种 高兴 开心 快活 愉快 happy joyful joyous merry glad pleased pleasant delighted 3 hard working adj 工作努力的 勤奋的 opposite word lazy adj 懒惰的 注意 hard working 是形容词 work hard 是动词词组 对比 He is a hard working doctor He works hard to cure the patients 复合形容词 peace loving life long so called part time 例 She is a hard working student I got a part time job 4 patient 两个意思 名词是 病人 形容词是 耐心的 opposite word impatient adj 没耐心的 例 Don t worry be patient please As a doctor you should be patient to your patients 以 im 开头的表示否定的词 patient impatient possible impossible polite impolite perfect imperfect 5 with 介词 1 表示状态 具有 外貌特征 带有 构成介词短语作后置定语 My grandmother was a short woman with grey hair page3 He is tall with blue eyes A house with a small garden 一座带有一个小花园的房子 the man with long hair 留长发的那名男子 2 表示关系 与 同 和 一起 例 I am talking with my friend Come with me With her were her son and daughter in law 和她在一起的是他的儿子和儿媳 3 表示方式 用 工具 手段 以 方式 例 Cut meat with a knife 4 表示伴随 携带 随着 与此同时 例 I have no money with me She left the room with all the lights on 她离开了房间 灯还亮着 Perhaps he has grown wiser with age 可能随着年纪增长 他变聪明了 5 表示对象 关于 对于 例 What s wrong with you He was still a little angry with her 他还有点生她的气 6 表示原因 由于 因为 例 He spent a week in bed with flu 他得了流感 一星期卧病在床 with 结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种 其构成 with 结构 with without 复合结构 其中 复合结构 宾语 名词 代词 补足语 形容词 副词 介词短语 非谓语动词 例 I like to sleep with the windows open 我喜欢开着窗户睡觉 表示伴随 with n adj She left the room with all the lights on 她离开了房间 灯还亮着 表示伴随 with n adv With the children at school we can t take our vacation when we want to 由于孩子们在上学 当我们想 度假时却不能去 表示原因 with n 介词短语 With no one to talk to John felt miserable 由于没有可以说话的人 约翰感到很悲哀 with n 不 定式 She had to walk home with her bike stolen 自行车被偷 她只好步行回家 with n 过去分词 With spring coming on trees turn green 春天到了 树变绿了 表示时间 with n 现在分词 6 cook v 烹调 煮 烧 n 厨师 此处作可数名词 意为厨师 Cooker 炊具 7 smart adj 聪明的 机敏的 时髦的 opposite word foolish adj 笨的 愚蠢的 e g You are so smart You can finish that difficult Maths problem in only five minutes The smart lady is Tina s mother 各种 聪明的 clever intelligent wise acute knowledgeable 8 probably 可能地 adv 例 You are probably right I will probably go home Probable adj 可能的 It is probable to finish the work before dark 区别于 possible a 1 可能的 但是可能性小 Is such a thing possible 这种事可能吗 I ll do everything possible to help you 我将尽一切可能帮助你 2 有可能的 F that It s possible that he will not accept the invitation 他有可能不接受邀请 9 forget 注意中度音节的位置 忘记 反义词是 Remember 1 forget 后接人或事 物 表示 忘记某人 某事 某物 I forget your name so please tell me again 2 forget to do 表示 忘记去做某事 还没做 I forget to give him the book 3 forget doing 表示 忘记做过某事 做完了 He forgot buying this scarf in Paris 相似用法 remember to do sth 记得去做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事 stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth 停止做某事 10 smell n 气味 v 闻 嗅 1 作为名词 气味 I don t like the smell of bananas 2 作为行为动词 直接跟宾语 Smell the perfume do you like it 3 作为系动词 后接形容词来修饰主语 The meat smells nice but tastes terrible 各种系动词 be am is are 状态系动词 keep rest remain stay lie stand 持续系动词 seem appear look 表象系动词 feel sound smell taste 感官系动词 become grow turn fall get go come run 变化系动词 prove turn out 终止系动词 11 as well 意为 也 常放在句末 相当于 too 例 I can speak Chinese and I can speak English as well 辨析 as well also too 和 either as well 副词短语 多用于口语中 用于句末 前面通常不用逗号隔开 E g he can swim as well also 较正式 位置通常接近动词 不用于句末 常用于肯定句中 E g He also wants to go there too 多用于口语中 位置常在句末 前面常有逗号隔开 E g I m a boy too either 用于否定句中 常用于句末 在肯定句变成否定句时 其中的 also too as well 都要变成 either E g He doesn t want to go there either He speaks English and Spanish as well He speaks English and Spanish too He speaks English and he also speaks Spanish 12 take care of 意为 照顾 照料 相当于 look after 其中 care 做名词 take good care of 相当于 look after well 表示 照顾好 Eg Can you take care of the baby Nurses take care of patients in hospital Nurses look after patients in hospital care n 照顾 v 关心 关注 在乎 不及物动词 例 If you don t care who cares careful adj 仔细的 小心的 careless adj 粗心的 漫不经心的 carefully adv 仔细地 小心地 carelessly adv 粗心地 草率地 carefulness n 仔细 慎重 carelessness n 粗心大意 草率 短语 1 care about sth 担心 在乎某事 e g The only thing he cares about is money 2 take care of sb 照顾某人 e g I ll take care of myself 3 care for sb 照顾某人 病人 e g She cared for her father in his dying year 4 care for sth 想要某物 e g Would you care for a drink 5 care to do sth 愿意做某事 用于礼貌性话语 be willing to do sth e g Would you care to wait here sir 13 miss v 想念 怀念 错过 过失 n 小姐 女士 用于未婚的女性 放在姓之前 要大写 例 I miss my classmates in my primary school He missed the train Are you Miss Huang 14 tell jokes 讲笑话 joke n 玩笑 v 说笑话 开玩笑 e g He is full of fun He always tells jokes to make us laugh I didn t get the joke They are laughing and joking together play a joke on sb 开某人玩笑 have a joke 说笑话 开玩笑 Are you joking me Are you kidding me 你在 和我 开玩笑吗 15 laugh v 玩笑 laughter n 笑 笑声 e g Why are you laughing so happily laugh at 嘲笑 laugh about 讥笑 laugh with 和 一起笑 16 make fun of 意为 取笑某人 等于 laugh at sb play jokes on sb 例 Don t make fun of your classmates 17 be good at 意为 擅长 在 方面做得好 at 后跟名词 代词或动名词 与 do well in 相近 例 I m good at Chinese I do well in Chinese She is good at swimming She swimming What subjects you 你擅长哪些科目 18 remain 仍然 保持不变 1 remain 常作为系动词 表示 仍然 保持不变 后面可接名词 形容词 介词短语 分词作表语 例 We will remain friends forever Peter became a manager but Jack remained a worker I asked her questions but she remained silent He had to remain in hospital until he was better The guests came in but she remained sitting at the desk reading 背记课文中的句子 I hope we will remain friends 2 remain 也可用作不及物动词 表示 剩下 剩余 遗留 这种情况不能用进行时态 也没有被 动语态 e g After the fire very little remained of his house 3 remain 指 某事有待于以后被处置 时 后面常接不定式的被动形式 e g Many problems remain to be solved 4 remain 作名词时表示 剩余物 一般用其复数形式 e g The archeologists found some remains of the Song Dynasty 5 remaining 和 left 作为形容词均表示 剩余的 区别是前者作前置定语 后者作后置定语 e g There are still some apples left I bought a gift for her with the remaining money 19 be full of be filled with 意为 充满 The bottle is full of water 瓶子里装满了水 The room is full of smoke 那个房间满是烟 20 be strict about 意为 对某事很严格 但不是要做的 be strict in 对做的某事很严格 强调是在做的 be strict with sb 对某人很严厉 严格 Our teacher are always strict about our homework He is very strict with his students Eg Mr Li our studies but he always encourages us and give us support She her daughter They very their work 各种 严格 strict 通常用于指对人的行为要求符合规范 一般译为 严格的 severe 多指由于客观需要而不能轻易改变规则和要求 含有冷酷无情之义 一般译为 严厉的 stern 则含有坚定不可动摇之义 多由人的性格所决定 一般译为 严谨的 语气上 severe stern strict 21 encourage 鼓励 名词加 ment encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 例 He encourages me to study harder encourage sb in sth 在某方面鼓励某人 encourage with sth 用 的方式鼓励某人 encourage by V ing 为 而鼓舞 Our teacher encourages us to do more sport Thanks for your encouragement encourage 本身是由 courage 勇气 延伸出来的 加了 en 则变成了 给予勇气 也就是 鼓励 由 en 派生出来的词 cage encage 把 关在笼子里 title entitle 给 文 书 命名 train entrain 使 上火车 plane enplane 使 上飞机 rich enrich 使 富裕 able enable 使 能够 22 support n 支持 不可数名词 v 支持 supporter n 支持者 e g Betty needs our support Let s give her a hand support one s business 支持某人的事业 Everybody else said I was wrong but Paul supported me support in 在 方面给予支持 support by 靠 得到支持 support on 支撑在 上 support with 用 支撑 support sb against sth 支持某人去反对 in support of 支持 证明 o 各种 支持 support 指道义上或物质上支持某人 也可指对一项事业的支持或赞助 advocate 指通过发表演说或写文章来表示支持 拥护 常暗示提倡某事或为某事辩护 uphold 指把快要倒下的东西扶直并撑稳 引申指支持正受到攻击或挑战的某人或某事 23 give up 意为 放弃 可接名词 代词或动名词做宾语 Eg We didn t give up the chance He gave up smoking give up 是 动词 副词 构成的短语 当宾语是代词时 只能放在 give 和 up 之间 Eg Don t give it up 背记课文中的句子 Never give up and you will be successful 24 successful adj 获得成功的 success n 成功 succeed v 成功 successfully adv 成功地 e g Who do you think is the most successful person in the world Tom is a Successful businessman They finally got a big success Jim succeeded in getting the first place in English exam successful at 在 方面成功 侧重在行 successful in 在 方面成功 侧重成功 successful with 做 事情 成功 例 She is a woman Study hard and you will The dish was a great succeed in doing sth vt 继承 接替 Succeeding 后来的 紧接着的 In the succeeding weeks five more people came 25 go to work 上班 Eg 教材第 11 页 26 all day and all night 夜以继日 Eg 教材第 11 页 Language points 1 Talk about the people you like 谈论你喜欢的人 谈论你喜欢的人 page1 Talk about 谈论 Talk with 与 交谈 强调双方无主次性 相互交流 如 she is talking with a friend Talk to 跟 谈话 强调一方的主动性 另一方以听为主 如 I want to talk to my mother about the computer 2 can you see the stars 你能看见那些星星吗 你能看见那些星星吗 Can 是情态动词 能 能够 还可表示 许可 请求 后面加动词原形 过去式 could 肯定句变否定句时 can 后加 not 简写 can t 不能 不会 肯定句变疑问句时 将 can 提到主语之前 如 can you draw yes I can no I can t 其他类似的情态动词 may might must need ought to dare dared shall should will would 3 She takes time to help her child take time 意思是 花时间 其后面可跟动词不定式 to do e g Take time to check your answers before you hand in your test paper please hand in 上交 作 业 试卷等 1 take time to do sth 花时间做某事 e g You should take some time to check your answer 2 is the time for sb to do sth 是某人做某事的时候 e g It is the time for you to work hard 3 It takes sb some time to do sth Sb spends some time on sth in doing sth e g It takes me one hour to go to school I spend one hour in going to school 4 Grandma took care of my family take care of 意思是 关心 照顾 和 look after 意思相近 可相互使用 e g Nurses take care of patients in hospital Nurses look after patients in hospital 5 I will never forget the taste and the smell as well as well 与 as well as 用法总结 as well 又 也 常用作状语 相当于 too 或 also 常位于句末 无须用逗号与句子分开 e g I am going to London and my sister is going as well as well 在口语中也可用于句中 作 也好 也行 或 倒不如 解 用来缓和语气 e g You may as well go as well 可以直接用于 just 后 用作应答语 可视为 It s just as well 的省略 作 幸亏 幸而 无妨 没关系 解 e g We were too late to see the film Just as well I hear it isn t very good as well as 常用来连接两个并列的成分 作 也 还 解 它强调的是前一项 后一项只是顺 便提及 因此连接并列主语时 谓语动词与前一项一致 而用 not only but also 连接时 谓语 动词与后一项一致 e g Your wife as well as you is friendly to me as well as 用来表示同级比较 指 一样好 e g He plays the guitar as well as you 6 She often tells me jokes to make me laugh but she never makes fun of others 1 tell jokes 意思是 开玩笑 与 have a joke 意思相近 但前者可用 tell sb jokes 表达 后者只能 用 have a joke with sb 来表达 e g She often tells me jokes She often have a joke with me 2 make sb do sth 意思是 使某人做某事 make 是使役动词 后加省 to 的动词不定式做宾 补 e g The teacher made the students do a lot of homework 拓展 Make sb sth adj e g The news makes me happy makes me sad 注意 使役动词是表示 使 令 让 帮 叫 等意义的不完全及物动词 主要有 leave get keep make 使 令 let 让 help 帮助 have 有 让 从事 允许 拿 等 3 make fun of 意思是 嘲弄 取消 与 laugh at 意思相近 e g The older children always make fun of him because of his accent The older children always laugh at him because of his accent 7 I hope we will always remain friends 1 hope that 宾语从句 此处 that 省略 I hope they win the match hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to be your good friend Hope for 盼望 期望 we hope for the best 2 remain 连系动词 仍然是 保持不变 n adj v ing 如 we remain silent remain friends 意思是 还是朋友 保持朋友关系 e g You must tell me the truth if we are to remain friends 类似的还有 keep 保持 stay 保持 continue 继续 仍旧 stand 处于某状况 等 8 His classes are always full of fun 1 关于程度副词的辨析 复习 always 总是 一直 100 usually 通常 80 左右 often 经常 50 sometimes 有时 20 seldom 很少 5 never 从不 绝不 0 always 反义词 never unusually 反义词 seldom 2 be full of 意思是 充满 装满 同义词组是 be filled with 反义词 empty 倒空 e g The bottle is full of milk The bottle is filled with milk 往瓶子里一直 fill 直到 full 3 fun 在这里作名词使用 意思是 乐趣 欢乐 fun 亦可以用作形容词 意思是 有趣的 使人欢乐的 这句话可以简化为 His classes are always fun 9 He uses lots of games in his teaching 1 lots of 和 a lot of 一样 意思是 许多 很多 后面可接可数名词或不可数名词 如果使用 many a large number of 或 much a large amount of 来表达 许多 很多 的话 注意 many a large number of 后只能接可数名词 much a large amount of 后只能接不可数名词 2 teaching 在这句话当中作名词用 意思是 教学 e g Linda wants to go into teaching 10 Mr Li is strict about our studies but he always encourages us and gives us support be strict about 后面只能接 sth 表示 对某事要求严格 e g Our teachers are always strict about our homework be strict with 后面只能接 sb 表示 对某人要求严格 e g He is very strict with his students 11 He often says Never give up and you ll be successful 1 give up 意思是 放弃 也可表示 投降 认输 可作不及物动词用 也可后面跟名词或动词 ing 形式等 e g I give up tell me what the answer is In fact I ve given up this idea He told me to give up smoking 2 Never give up 是祈使句 相当于 Don t give up forever 意思是 永不放弃 3 Never give up and you ll be successful 是并列句 and 前的分句用祈使句表达条件 and 后的 分句表达结果 这样的句子常常可以用 if 引导的条件句进行改写 If you never give up don t give up forever you ll be successful 12 What does he look like 1 look like 看起来与 某人或某物 相像 相似 Eg Who does she look like 她看起来像谁 She looks like her mother 她看起来像她妈妈 What does she look like 她长得怎么样 She is tall and thin 她长得又高又瘦 2 What like 常表示 怎么样 与 How 意思相近 因此该句子可改成 How does he look 又如 What s the weather like How is the weather What does the song sound like How does the song sound 另外 还有一个句型 What think of 和 How like 可以互换 e g What do you think of Shenzhen How do you like Shenzhen 3 What is he like 与 What does he look like 的区别 What is he like 他那人怎么样 不只是询问外表 侧重询问性格 He is clever What does he look like 他长什么样 只是询问外表 He is very tall 他个子很高 13 Every day he goes to work and helps sick people 1 go to work 意思是 去上班 要注意 work 前不加定冠词 the 2 sick people 指 病人 也可用 the sick 代替 e g Doctors look after sick people the sick 14 Sometimes he has to work all day and all night but he still finds time to help me with my studies 1 all day and all night 意思是 夜以继日 没日没夜 e g My neighbour is singing all day and all night 2 help sb with sth 意思是 帮助某人做某事 e g Can you help me with the luggage 15 Mother s Day is the time for us to say Thank you to our mums is the time for sb to do sth 意思是 是某人做某事的时候 e g Seven o clock is the time for me to get up every day 16 In most countries people celebrate Mother s Day on the second Sunday in May every year on the second Sunday in May 意思是 五月的第二个星期日 具体某一天前介词用 on 月份前 介词用 in 我们复习一下 in on at 与时间的搭配 1 in 的用法 一段时间里 将来时表示一段时间后 月份 in January in December 2020 年份 in 2014 一天中的某个部分 in the morning afternoon evening 一段时间 表示 多久以后 in three days in two months 2 on 的用法 某一天或某一天上下午等 具体某一天 on Monday on 16 December 具体某一天的某个时段 on Friday evening of 1 May 某些节日 on Christmas Day on Thanksgiving Day 3 at 的用法 某个时刻 某个瞬间 具体时刻 at 3 o clock 相当于具体时刻的词 at lunchtime at night at midnight 但是 如果时间前有 next this 等限定词 则前面不加任何介词 17 We can take them to the park or the cinema take sb to some place 意思是 带某人去某地 e g Can you take me to the nearest bus stop 18 If you love your mum why not plan a special Mother s Day for her why not 意思是 为何不 常用于提出建议 后面接动词原形 e g Why not go to the Science Museum this weekend 另外 Why not Shall we Let s 等都是用来提出建议的方式 因此上面的例句可以改为 Shall we go to the Science Museum this weekend Let s go to the Science Museum this weekend Grammar 语法语法 冠词是一种虚词 本身不能单独使用 也没有词义 它常放在名词的前面 帮助说明名词的含 义 冠词不能单独成为句子 只能作为名词修饰的一部分 冠词在句子中常弱读 冠词分为不定冠词 a an 定冠词 the 和零冠词 1 不定冠词的用法 不定冠词的用法 不定冠词有 a 和 an a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前 如 a cat a book a European a unit an 用于 元音音素开头的单词前 如 an umbrella an owl an hour an honest girl 等 不定冠词 a an 与数词 one 同源 是 一个 的意思 不定冠词的用法如下 1 指一类人或事 相当于 a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly Mr Smith is an engineer 2 指某一类人或事物中的一个 如 Be sure to bring me a dictionary 3 泛指某一人或事物 如 A man is waiting for you at the school gate 4 第一次提及某人某物 非特指 A boy is waiting for you 5 表示 一个 意为 one 但数的概念没有 one 强 如 He has an interesting book There s a tree on the hill 6 表示 每一 相当于 every one We study eight hours a day 7 表示 相同 相当于 the same We are nearly of an age 8 用于人名前 表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 A Mr Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng 9 用于固定词组中 A couple of a bit once upon a time in a hurry have a walk many a time a little a few a lot a type of a pile a great many many a as a rule in a hurry in a minute in a short while after a while in a word have a cold have a try keep an eye on all of a sudden 10 用于 quite rather many half what such 之后 This room is rather a big one 11 用于 so as too how 形容词之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet 2 定冠词的用法 定冠词的用法 定冠词 the 与指示代词 this that 同源 有 那 这 个 的意思 但较弱 可以和一个名词 连用 来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西 1 与单数名词连用表示一类事物 或与形容词或分词连用 表示一类人 The horse is a useful animal the dollar 美元 the fox 狐狸 the rich 富人 the living 生者 the wounded 伤员 2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe the moon the Pacific Ocean the sky 3 特指某 些 人或某 些 事物 e g The gentleman in brown is Alan s grandfather Paris is the capital of France 4 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 Would you mind opening the door I have a new book The book is about the sea 5 用于乐器前面 用在 radio 前 表示