高中英语定语从句知识点及练习

1 Practice makes perfect 高中英语高中英语 定语从句定语从句 一 定义及相关术语 1 定语从句 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词 之后 2 先行词 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 3 关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有 that which who whom whose as 等 关系副词有 when where why 等 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1 连接作用 连接先行词和定语从句 2 替代作用 在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词 3 成分作用 在定语从句中作主语 宾语 定语或状语 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman 二 关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有 who whom whose which that 等 它们分别代替前面的先 行词 并在定语从句中作主语 宾语或定语 1 who 指人 在定语从句中作主语 That is the teacher who teaches us physics 2 whom 指人 在定语从句中做宾语 可省略 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替 Li Ming is just the boy whom I want to see 3 which 指物 在定语从句中做主语或宾语 做宾语时常可省略 Football is a game which is liked by most boys 4 that 指人时 相当于 who 或 whom 指物时 相当于 which 在定语从句中作主语或宾 语 作宾语时常可省略 He is the man that who lives next door Where is the man that whom I saw this morning The season that which comes after spring is summer The dress that which Ann bought doesn t fit her very well 5 whose 指人 物皆可 与后面的名词有所属关系 在定语从句中做定语 2 Practice makes perfect I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country 注意 指物时 常用以下结构来代替 The house whose windows are broken is empty The house the windows of which are broken is empty Do you like the book whose cover is yellow Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow 三 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时 可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间 that who 不可以 也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面 使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词 The school which that he once studied in is very famous The school in which he once studied is very famous This is the boy whom who that I played tennis with yesterday This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday 注意 1 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开 介词仍放在短语动词的后面 如 look for look after take care of 等 2 介词后的关系代词不可用 that 和 who 若介词放在关系代词前 关系代词指人时只可用 whom 指物时只可用 which 关系代词是所有格时用 whose The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour 3 介词 关系代词 前还可有 some any none all both neither many most each few 等代 词或者数词 如 He loves his parents deeply both of whom are very kind to him 四 关系副词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系副词有 when where 和 why 等 when where why 都在定语从句中作状 语 在意义上相当于介词 which 结构 分别代替表示时间 地点或原因的先行词 1 when 指时间 在定语从句中作时间状语 I still remember the day when I first came to this school 注意 关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句来表示 如 I ll never forget the day when on which I first met you Great changes are taking place in the city where in which they live 3 Practice makes perfect 五 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 形式上 不用逗号 与主句隔开 意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语 如果去掉 主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整 译法 上 译成先行词的定语 的 关系词的使用上 A 作宾语时可省略 B 可用 that C 可用 who 代替 whom The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on China is a country which has a long history 非限制性定语从句 形式上 用逗号 与主句隔开 意义上 只是对先行词的补充说明 如果去掉 主句仍能表达完整的意思 译法上 通常 译成主句的并列句 关系词的使用上 A 不可省略 B 不用 that C 不可用 who 代替 whom His mother who loves him very much is strict with him I have been to Hangzhou which is a very beautiful city 一 限制性定语从句中只能用 that 引导定语从句的情况 1 先行词为 all much little something everything anything nothing none few the one 等时 Everything that he said was true 他所说的一切都是真的 2 当先行词被 the very 恰恰 正好 the only any few little no all 修饰时 This is the very grammar book that I want to buy 3 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best that has been used against pollution 4 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben 5 当主句的主语是疑问词 who 或 which 时 Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense 6 当先行词既有人又有物时 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about 7 先行词在定语从句中做表语 而关系代词在从句中也做表语时 She is no longer the sweet girl that she used to be 4 Practice makes perfect He is not the man that he seems 人不可貌相 二 关系代词 as 和 which 引导的定语从句 1 as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语 代表前面整个句子 如 He married her as which was natural He is honest as which we can see 2 as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前 主句之后 甚至还可以分割主句 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后 另外 as 常常有 正如 正像 的含 义 As is known to all China is a developing country John as you know is a famous writer Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times which I don t believe 注意 当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时 关系词往往只用 which 如 Tom was late for school again and again which made his teacher very angry 1 当先行词受 such the same 修饰时 关系词常用 as 如 I ve never heard such stories as he tells 三 以 the way 为先行词的限制性定语从句常由 in which 或 that 引导 而且通常可以省 略 The way that in which he answered the questions was surprising 四 关系代词与关系副词的选择 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句要看关系词在定语从句中的作用 所担当的成分 A I know a place where we can have a picnic I know a place which that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery B I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together I will never forget the days that which we spent together C This is the reason why he was dismissed This is the reason that which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting 基础练习基础练习 1 This is the hotel we will stay at which that 2 This is the hotel we will stay where 5 Practice makes perfect 3 This is the hotel we will stay at which 4 This is the hotel we will visit that which 5 This hotel is the one we will stay at that 6 This hotel is the one we will stay where 7 This hotel is the one we will visit That 定语从句专项练习定语从句专项练习 一 选择题 1 09 全国 II My friend showed me round the town was very kind of him A which B that C where D it 2 09 安徽卷 Many children parents are away working in big cities are taken good care of in the village A their B whose C of them D with whom 3 09 北京卷 What do you think of teaching Bob I find it fun and challenging It is a job you are doing something serious but interesting A where B Which C When D that 4 09 福建卷 It s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently A that B when C which D where 5 09 湖南卷 I was born in New Orleans Louisiana a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind A which B of which C that D whose 6 09 江苏卷 Because of the financial crisis days are gone local 5 star hotels charged 6 000 yuan for one night A if B when C which D since 7 09 辽宁卷 They ve won their last three matches I find a bit surprising actually A that B when C what D which 8 09 全国 I She brought with her three friends none of I had ever met before A them B who C whom D these 9 09 全国 II My friend showed me round the town was very kind of him A which B that C where D it 6 Practice makes perfect 10 09 山东卷 Whenever I met her was fairly often she greeted me with a sweet smile A who B which C when D that 11 09 陕西卷 Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time A of which B with which C about which D into which 12 09 上海卷 Mozart s birthplace and the house he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now A where B when C there D which 13 09 四川卷 She ll never forget her stay there she found her son who had gone missing two years before A that B which C where D when 14 09 天津卷 A person e mail account is full won t be able to send or receive any e mails A who B whom C whose D whoever 15 09 天津卷 I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin A as B which C when D though 16 09 浙江卷 I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own A which B where C how D why 17 09 重庆卷 Life is like a long race we compete with others to go beyond ourselves A why B what C that D where 18 04 全国卷 The English play my students acted at the New Year s party was a great success A for which B at which C in which D on which 19 03 北京 York last year is a nice old city A that I visited B which I visited C where I visited D in which I visited 20 02 北京 We will be shown around the city schools museums and some other places other visitors seldom go A what B which C where D when 二 翻译训练 1 我们在医院一直照顾 take care of 的老太太死了 7 Practice makes perfect 2 你想娶 marry 的姑娘昨天偷了我的钱包 3 孙老师写的书是世界上最好的书 4 你喜欢女孩就是我喜欢的女孩 5 昨天被我家的狗咬的人 bite 今天又被你家狗咬了 6 你知道他打算娶 reason 你的原因吗 7 我讨厌 hate 我住过的那个旅馆 hotel 8 我永远也忘不了我们共同生活和学习的那个秋天 9 他爱了 20 年的那个女孩昨天嫁 marry 人了 10 她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩 11 The old lady who died yesterday left one million 13 The doctor told me yesterday that there is nothing that he could do for my father 14 This is the page where you can find the answer This is the page which you can find the answer on 15 As the teacher told me yesterday he didn t pass the exam 16 As we was discussing just now it s easy for us to study English 8 Practice makes perfect 17 As my mother told me yesterday my girlfriend didn t love me at all 18 As you know the money is very important 19 We are studying the business English which is very useful for us In the future 20 Do you know the reason why your dog is going to die 三 阅读理解 There are stories about two U S presidents Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren which attempt to explain the American English term OK We don t know if either story is true but they are both interesting The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little education In fact he had difficulty reading and writing When important papers came to Jackson he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they said If he approved of a paper he would write all correct on it The problem was th