高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解巩固训练（二）11.doc

2017山西万荣县高考英语一轮阅读理解巩固训练（二）阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013南昌市二模，C)“Plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity and nutrient availability seem to trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide，” said researchers from the National University of Singapore.45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.“We do not yet know the mechanisms involved, or why some organism are getting smaller while others are unaffected，” the researchers said. “Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we cant yet quantify.”The change was big in coldblooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles smaller. An increase of 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism (新陈代谢). Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth. There is a recent report on warmer temperatures negative effects on plankton, the base of the marine ecosystem.Warmblooded animals werent immune from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Mammals have been miniaturized too. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaker. And polar bears are smaller, compared with historical records.This is not the first time this has happened in Earths history. 55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. That event happened over a long time than the current climate change.The speed of modern climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times. So, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.文章大意：本文是一篇科普说明文。主要报道了一项新发现，研究人员发现了气候变暖会导致地球上许多生物个体变小的现象。1Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?AWhy do some species become smaller?BHow does temperature change in Earths history?CClimate change has many negative effectsDSpecies become smaller as climate warms答案：D标题概括题。通读全文及第二段首句“45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past.”可知，本文主要讲述了气候变暖会导致许多生物个体变小的现象，故D项正确。2The underlined word “trumped” in the first paragraph can be replaced by _.Abeen neglected by Bhad strong influences thanCbeen weakened by Dbeen less than答案：B词义猜测题。根据本句中的but可知，画线词与其前面的内容“大气中二氧化碳的增加会使植物个体变大”是转折关系，并根据下文中气温、湿度、可利用的营养等条件对生物的影响可知，这些条件的改变似乎比二氧化碳浓度增加更有影响力。故B项正确。3Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe that _.Ahow climate change effects animals size has not been found clearlyBall the animals on the earth have become smallerCtoo many studies on animals size have been doneDpeople can avoid the negative effects of climate change答案：A细节理解题。文章第三段研究人员提到“We do not yet know the mechanisms involved”，其中the mechanisms指的是气候变暖影响了生物个体大小的机制，故A项正确。4What can we learn from the passage?AClimate change has even affected plankton negatively.BBirds have suffered more from climate change than fish.CAnts, bees and spiders have been shrinking by 50% to 70% in the past decade.DA warming event causing species to become smaller has never happened before.答案：A细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“There is a recent report on warmer temperatures negative effects on plankton, the base of the marine ecosystem.”可知，气候变化已经对浮游生物产生了有害影响。故A项正确。5Whats the authors attitude toward climate change in the passage?AConcerned. BOptimistic. CIndifferent. DConfident.答案：A观点态度题。根据文章最后一句“So, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.”可知，作者对气候变暖对生物的影响有些担忧。故A项Concerned(关心的)符合语境。科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2012青岛高三统一质量检测) 改编Going on a date can be a nightmare for the best of us.But now a pair of social X-Ray glasses promises to tell you exactly what the other person is thinking-and when you should stop talking.The glasses have a built-in camera which monitors the other persons facial expressions and matches them up with 24 known features which convey emotions.It will then tell the individual via an earpiece and lights on the glasses what their date is thinking.In a traffic light-style system,a red light means negative,yellow means they are a bit interested and green means your date is happy.The glasses are under development at present by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technologys Media Lab.They say that wearing them during a conversation with another person is like having an extra sensethat they are bored or losing interest.The eyewear was developed for people suffering from autism (孤独症) who have much difficulty interacting with others,but now the team behind it has seen wider applications.It works thanks to a camera the size of a grain of rice which is put into the glasses frame and connected via a wire to a small computer which can be attached to the users body.The camera monitors how long and how often 24 feature pointsappear on the subjects face which are then analyzed by software developed by the MIT team.This data is then compared with a bank of expressions and the computer tells the wearer what is going on via the earpiece and the traffic light system.So far the glasses are still a job in progress and have been accurate just 64 percent of the time,a figure which is expected to improve with further tests.1.The passage mainly tells us that .A.going on a date can be a nightmare for the best of usB.scientists are showing more and more concern to people suffering from autismC.the glasses will be more and more popularD.the scientists are working on a new type of glasses to help people going on a date2.Which of the following is true according to the passage?()A.The glasses were initially intended for helping people going on a date.B.The glasses are widely used and have achieved great success.C.The built-in camera in the glasses is of great importance.D.People wearing the glasses are sure to have a good date.3.The underlined word “interacting” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by .A.communicatingB.reactingC.affectingD.acting4.Which is right according to Paragraph 2?()A.Red=negativeyellow=neutralgreen=positiveB.Red=positiveyellow=neutralgreen=negativeC.Red=neutralyellow=positivegreen=negativeD.Red=negativeyellow=positivegreen=neutral5.The passage is probably from .A.a guide bookB.an autobiography bookC.a leafletD.a scientific report语篇解读:约会对我们来说有可能如一场噩梦,但是,现在美国麻省理工学院媒体实验室正在研发一种X光眼镜,它将能够准确窥寻对方的心思,让你在约会时有额外的“感官”,知道该怎样去做。答案及剖析:1.D主旨大意题。由全文可知,美国麻省理工学院媒体实验室正在研发一种X光眼镜,在约会时它将能够准确窥寻对方的心思,知道该怎样交谈。选项D全面概括此意。2.C推理判断题。由第四段的It works thanks to a camera the size of a grain of rice which is put into the glasses frame and connected via a wire to a small computer which can be attached to the users body可知,该眼镜工作原理主要在于其内置的微型摄像机,因此可推断其重要性所在。3.A词义猜测题。由The eyewear was developed for people suffering from autism (孤独症) who have much difficulty interacting with others,可知孤独症患者通常为与他人交流沟通有困难者,结合句意可知interacting是“沟通、交流”之意,故选A项。4.A细节理解题。由文章第二段的.a red light means negative,yellow means they are a bit interested and green means your date is happy可知A正确。5.D推理判断题。本文讲述的是美国麻省理工学院媒体实验室正在研发一种X光眼镜,属科技方面的知识,因此本文应出自科技报告类,故选D项。【疑难词汇解读】1.application n.申请,应用Students learned the practical application of the theory they had learned in the classroom.学生们学会了将课堂上学到的理论付诸实际应用。2.in progress 进行中The construction of a new teaching building is in progress.一座新的教学楼正在建造中。【长难句子分析】 It主语 works谓语 thanks to a camera the size of a grain of rice状语 which is put into the glasses frame and connected定语从句 via a wire to a small computer(which can be定语从句attached to the users body.)定语从句定语从句它是由嵌入眼镜架中如米粒大小的摄像机,通过导线与一台依附到使用者身体上的小型电脑连接而工作的。2016高考英语阅读理解（社会生活、说理议论）【2016天津】D Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel. Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the days work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works.Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the unconscious take over. When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全书), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after dat I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relived, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep. An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.51. People with start-up fatigue are most likely to .A. delay tasksB. work hardC. seek helpD. accept failure52. What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue?A. Writing essays in strict order.B. Building up physical strength.C. Leaving out the toughest ideas.D. Dealing with the hardest task first.53. On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?A. Before starting a difficult task.B. When all the solutions fail.C. If the job is rather boring.D. After finding a way out.54. According