高中英语被动语态讲解与练习

被动语态 Passive Voice 1 被动语态的构成被动语态的构成 动词语态是动词的一种特殊形式 表示句中主语和谓语动词之间的关系 英语的语态有两种 主 动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或行为的 对象 谓语动词为主动语态的叫主动句 为被动语态的叫被动句 1 被动语态的基本构成形式被动语态的基本构成形式 体 时 一般进行完成 现在 过去 将来 过去将来时 过去将来时 should would be done was were going to be done was were about to be done was were to be to done 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成时 should would have been done 2 含情态动词的被动语态含情态动词的被动语态 情态动词情态动词 be 过去分词过去分词 练习 1 Visitors request not to touch the exhibits 2 All the preparations for the task complete and we re ready to start 3 Look a new cinema build here now 4 I give ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer 5 By the end of last year another new gymnasium complete in Beijing 6 A meeting hold when I was there 7 Hundreds of job lose if the factory closes 8 The news send to the soldier s mother as soon as it arrived 9 The project complete before July 10 He told me that his new clothes make very soon 11 The baby take care of by the baby sitter 应该由保姆照顾 2 被动语态的特殊结构形式 二二 主动语态与被动语态的转换主动语态与被动语态的转换 1 主主 谓谓 宾结构 宾结构 Rowling wrote Harry Potter The government supported the research No one has ever beaten her at tennis We didn t notice anything special in his work 2 主主 谓谓 间宾间宾 直宾 直宾 His mother gave him a present for his birthday My uncle bought me a new computer Our teacher offered us many suggestions to reduce pressure 注意注意 加加 to 或者或者 for She told me when the project would start 3 主主 谓谓 宾宾 宾补 宾补 People call this team a cheer leading squad 注意 在使役动词注意 在使役动词 have make let 以及感官动词以及感官动词 see look at watch notice observe hear listen to feel help 等后面不定式作宾语补语时 在主动结构中不定式等后面不定式作宾语补语时 在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略 但变为被动结构时 要加要省略 但变为被动结构时 要加 to Someone saw a stranger walk into the building 4 含有含有 be going to do 和和 be to do 等结构 等结构 be 只有一般现在时和一般过去时 只有一般现在时和一般过去时 We are going to discuss the problem at the meeting They are to show this new film on TV next week 5 表示 据说 相信 认为 期待 等动词后含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句 如 We know that he is the best dentist in the town 重点拓展 重点拓展 It is said that 据说据说 It is reported that 据报道 据报道 It is believed that 大家相信 大家相信 It is hoped that 大家希望 大家希望 It is well known that 众所周知 众所周知 It is thought that 大家认为 大家认为 It is suggested that 据建议 据建议 6 祈使句变被动句祈使句变被动句 肯定祈使句 肯定祈使句 let 宾语宾语 be done 否定祈使句 否定祈使句 don t let 宾语宾语 be done let 宾语宾语 not be done Move the desks into the passage Don t throw rubbish everywhere 7 谓语为动词短语的情况 如谓语为动词短语的情况 如 动词 介词动词 介词 动词 副词动词 副词 等 也可以用于被动结构 但要把它们看等 也可以用于被动结构 但要把它们看 作一个整体 不能分开 其中的介词或副词也不能省略 作一个整体 不能分开 其中的介词或副词也不能省略 They have put off the meeting till next Saturday When we got to the cinema it had sold out all the tickets 8 双重被动结构 指句中谓语动词和其后的不定式均为被动结构 句子主语既是谓语动词的承受着 又是不定式动作的承受者 They asked us to discuss the problem at once Parents often ask their children to do too much homework 3 谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1 不及物动词的主动语态表被动意义 不及物动词的主动语态表被动意义 1 可用来表示主语内在可用来表示主语内在 品质品质 性能性能 的不及物动词 的不及物动词 break catch clean drive lock open sell read write wash 等 常与等 常与 well badly easily smoothly 搭配 搭配 例 This kind of cloth washes well 注意 主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征 而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响 试比较 The door won t lock 指门本身有毛病 The door won t be locked 指不会有人来锁门 指 门没有锁 是人的原因 2 某些状态动词或不及物动词 在汉语中虽有被动意味 但英语中用主动形式 如 某些状态动词或不及物动词 在汉语中虽有被动意味 但英语中用主动形式 如 weigh measure cost spread last happen break out take place consist of come out come about come across get across run out give out turn out 等 等 This wall measures 10 meters long The news that a famous singer would give a show spread quickly 2 系动词的主动语态表被动 系动词的主动语态表被动 look feel smell taste sound prove remain stay appear The music sounds comfortable This shirt feels much softer than that one 四 非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义四 非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义 1 不定式的主动表被动不定式的主动表被动 a 在某些在某些 形容词 不定式形容词 不定式 做表语或宾语补足语的结构中 句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻做表语或宾语补足语的结构中 句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻 辑宾语时 这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义 这些形容词有辑宾语时 这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义 这些形容词有 nice easy fit hard difficult important impossible pleasant interesting 等 等 This problem is difficult to work out b 动词不定式在名词后面作定语 不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时 又和句中另一名词或代词构成动词不定式在名词后面作定语 不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时 又和句中另一名词或代词构成 主谓关系主谓关系 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon 试比较 I ll go to the post office Do you have a letter to be posted With something to buy she went to market I have a letter to write She has something to say c 在在 be to do 结构中如结构中如 rent blame let 等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 Am I to blame The house is to let 2 动名词的主动表被动 动名词的主动表被动 a 在在 need want require deserve 等词的后面 动名词用主动形式表示被动意义 其含义相当于等词的后面 动名词用主动形式表示被动意义 其含义相当于 动词不定式的被动形式动词不定式的被动形式 The house needs repairing to be repaired 这房子需要修理 b 形容词 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义 但不能跟动词不定式 而后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义 但不能跟动词不定式 而 worthy 后面跟后面跟 动词不定式的被动形式 动词不定式的被动形式 3 介词介词 in on under out of 等等 名词构成介词短语表被动意义名词构成介词短语表被动意义 under control 受控制 under treatment 在治疗中 under repair 在修理中 under discussion 在讨论中 under construction 在施工中 in the charge of 在 掌管之下 in use 在使用中 in print 在印刷中 on show 展出 on sale 待售 out of control out of sight for sale for rent beyond belief beyond our hope 例 The building is under construction is being constructed 重点拓展 被动形式表主动意义 某些动词 反身代词可变为被动结构表主动意义 如 devote oneself to dress oneself seat oneself amuse oneself lose oneself prepare oneself for concern oneself about 变为 be devoted to be hidden in be buried in be absorbed in be lost be seated in be faced with be prepared for 五 被动语态与系表结构的区别五 被动语态与系表结构的区别 当 be 过去分词 作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作 作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状 态时 be 后面的过去分词是表语 相当于形容词 其区分办法如下 1 如果强调动作或句中有介词 如果强调动作或句中有介词 by 引导出动作的执行者 该句一般为被动语态 否则为系表结引导出动作的执行者 该句一般为被动语态 否则为系表结 构 构 例 The glass is broken The glass was broken by the boy The teacher was pleased by her answer The teacher was pleased with her answer 2 如果句中有地点 频率或时间状语时 一般为被动语态 如果句中有地点 频率或时间状语时 一般为被动语态 例 The door is locked The door has already just been locked 3 被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外 还可以用于其他各种时态 而系表结构中的系动词 被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外 还可以用于其他各种时态 而系表结构中的系动词 be 只有一般时态和完成时态 只有一般时态和完成时态 例 The machine is being repaired Many kinds of art have been lost in the world 4 被动语态和系表结构中的修饰过去分词的副词有区别 被动语态和系表结构中的修饰过去分词的副词有区别 被动语态常用被动语态常用 greatly 等词修饰 系表结构常用等词修饰 系表结构常用 very quite rather too so more most 等 等 例 I am greatly moved by his kindness I am very interested in taking the course you are offering 6 练习 1 改错 1 Two boys hurt while playing a ball 2 The singer lived in London until he was sending to university 3 How long do you think the meeting will be lasted 4 A fire was broken out last night 5 He had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before 6 The large building that is now built will be a hospital 7 His plan is sounded good 8 Your coat needs being washed 2 填空 1 The pen write very fast 2 This kind of sweater sells sell well 3 Large numbers of plastic bags use in the supermarkets every day 4 Must the old people speak to politely 5 Her grandma was still alive when he take to the hospital 6 English speak in many is spoken counties 7 Three quarters of the world s books are written write in English 8 All the students ask to bring a kite with them last Sunday 9 Are many ways try to stop people from cutting down so many trees 10 What are on show in the museum Some photos take by American children 11 The fifth generation computers with artificial intelligence develop and perfected now 12 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple but it remains see whether they will enjoy it 13 When and where to go for the on salary holiday decide yet 14 The new suspension bridge design by the end of last month 15 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water it looks as if it break 16 What do you think of the book Oh excellent It s worth read a second time 17 That suit cost less than 60 dollars yesterday but now its price is increased 七 被动语态与高考试题赏析 1 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析 1 In some parts of the world tea with milk and sugar NMET1993 A is serving B is served C serves D served 解析 B 因为 serve 是及物动词 其动作承受者 tea 作主语 表示经常发生的情况 故用一般现 在时的被动语态 2 This is Ted s phone We miss him a lot He trying to save a child in the earthquake NMET2002 A killed B is killed C was killed D was killing 解析 C Ted 是 kill 的承受者 用被动语态 且 Ted 救人发生在过去 所以用一般过去时的被动 语态 3 Have you moved into the new house Not yet the rooms NMET1991 A are being painted B are painting C are painted D are being painting 解析 A house 和 paint 应该是被动的关系 排除 B D 后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油 漆 所以要用现在进行时的被动语态 不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作 排除 C 4 When and where to go for the on salary holiday yet 上海春 2003 A are not decided B have not been decided C is not being decided D has not been decided 解析 D decide 是及物动词 动作的发出者通常是人 句中的主语是动作的承受者 所以 decide 要用被动语态 从题干的语境和关键词 yet 可判断用现在完成时 不定式做主语用单数 故用现在 完成时的被动语态 5 The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four fifths of the tickets 上海春 2001 A was booked B had been booked C were booked D have been booked 解析 B 句中 tickets 是 book 订票 的承受者 主谓为被动关系 又因票已被订出应发生在 entered the office 这个过去动作之前 所以要用过去完成时的被动语态 2 高考对非谓语动词语态的考查 当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时 须用被动式 弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间 的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键 1 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple but it remains whether they will enjoy it NMET2002 A to see B to be seen C seeing D seen 解析 B 根据题意 那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作 应使用不定式 故排除掉 C D 两项 又因 remains 的逻辑主语 it 是动词 see 说表示动作的承受者 即 到国外旅行 这件事 这件事 有待于 被决定 应使用动词不定式的被动形式 2 While shopping people sometimes can t help into buying something they don t really need 上海 1996 A to persuaded B persuading C being persuaded D be persuaded 解析 C can t help doing 禁不住做某事 排除 A 和 D 顾客应是 被劝说 购物的 要用动名词 的被动语态 3 I feel it is your husband who for the spoiled child 上海 2002 A is to blame B is going to blame C is to be blamed D should blame 解析 A feel 的宾语从句为强调句型 在 be to do 结构中 在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表 示被动语态 如 to blame to let 等 强化训练 1 If city noises from increasing people shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept will have to B are not kept have C do not keep will have to D do not keep have to 2 The fifth generation computers with artificial intelligence are and perfected now A developed B have developed C are being developed D will have been developed 3 the sports meet might be put off Yes it all depends on the weather A I ve been told B I ve told C I m told D I told 4 I need one more stamp before my collection A has completed B completes C has been completed D is completed 5 Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future A cut B are cut C are being cut D had been cut 6 The new suspension bridge by the end of last month A has been designed B had been designed C was designed D would be designed 7 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water it looks as if it A breaks B has broken C was broken D had been broken 8 Great changes in the city and a lot of factories A have been taken place have been set up B have taken place have been set up C have taken place have set up D were taken place were set up 9 That suit over 60 dollars A had costed B costed C is costed D cost 10 Look Everything here is under construction What s the pretty small house that for A is being built B has been built C is built D is building 11 Do you like the material Yes it very soft A is feeling B felt C feels D is felt 12 It is difficult for a foreigner Chinese A write B to write C to be written D written 13 I have no more letters thank you A to type B typing C to be typed D typed 14 Take care Don t drop the ink on your shirt for it easily A won t wash out B won t be washed out C isn t washed out D isn t washing out 15 Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to A be put up B give in C be turned on D go out 16 The computers on the table Professor Smith A belongs B are belonged to C belongs to D belong to 17 What do you think of the book Oh excellent It s worth a second time A to read B to be read C reading D being read 18 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed A catching B to be caught C being caught D to catch 19 This page needed again A being checked B checked C to check D to be checked 20 many times the boy still didn t know how to do the exercises A Having taught B Having been taught C taught D Teaching key 1 5 ACADC 6 10 BCBDA 11 15 CBCAD 16 20 DCCDB 被动语态基础练习选择题 1 Our house A is getting paint B is getting painted C is got painted D has got to paint 2 He arrived in Beijing where he his friend A was met by B was met C was meeting D met by 3 The war in 1937 A was broken out B had been broken out C has broken out D broke out 4 The mistakes in the exercises will the teacher A cross B be crossing C be crossed by D cross by 5 My brother and I have her birthday party A been invited B been invited for C invited to D been invited to 6 It this way A is had to do B is had to be done C had to be done D has to do 7 It this way A used to do B used to be done C is used to do D is used to doing 8 Chaplin A The child s name was called B The child s name calls C The child calls D The child is named 9 The sports meeting A is put off B is to put off C is to be put off D puts off 10 Mary realized she A was making fun of B was made fun C was being made fun of D was being made fun 11 to say a thing in that way A It is considers wrong B It is considered wrong C It is considered it s wrong D It is consiedring wrong 12 He ordered that the books at once A would be printed B would print C be printed D print 13 The story in ChinA A was taken place B was happened C took place D has been taken place 14 The house my parents A is belong to B belong to C belongs to D is belonged to 15 He by his teacher A happened to see B was happened to see C happened to be seen D was happened to be seen 16 Great changes in our province Many tall buildings A have been taken place have been set up B have taken place have been set up C have been taken place have been set up D were taken place were set up 17 The hall s but it s not yet with lamps A furnished finished B been finished been furnished C being finished being furnished D set up full 18 The new hall is the tallest building in this town from here A Can it see B Can it be seen C Can it seen D Can see 19 As soon as we got to the airport we found that the plane A had already taken off B already took off C was already taking off D was already taken off 20 Some of the hotels in my hometown A have now been rebuilding B are now rebuilding C are now being rebuilt D are rebuilt now 21 If city noises from increasing people shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept will have to B are not kept have C do not keep will have to D do not keep have to 22 The fifth generation computers with artificial intelligence are and perfected now A developed B have developed C are being developed D will have been developed 23 the sports meet might be put off Yes it all depends on the weather A I ve been told B I ve told C I m told D I told 24 I need one more stamp before my collection A has completed B completes C has been completed D is completed 25 Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future A cut B are cut C are being cut D had been cut 26 The new suspension bridge by the end of last month A has been designed B had been designed C was designed D would be designed 27 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water i