高中英语高三第一轮复习资料

高中英语必修五高三第一轮复习资料高中英语必修五高三第一轮复习资料 Unit 1 Great Scientists 词语 辨析 1 character characteristic 2 examine check test 3 cure treat 4 blame scold 5 reject refuse 1 scientific adj 科学的science n 科学scientist n 科学家 2 valuable adj 有价值的value n 价值value v 估价 评价 3 instruct v 教导 命 令 instruction n 指示 用法说明 instructive adj 有益的 教育性 的 词形 变化 4 enthusiastic adj 热心的 热情的 enthusiasm n 狂热 热心 enthusiast n 热心家 狂热者 重点 单词 1 conclude v 断定 得出结论 结束 正式 2 attend v vt 出席 参加 照顾 护理 注意 vi 专心 留意 3 expose vt 使暴露 受到 使曝光 v 揭露 4 absorb vt 吸收 使 精神 贯注 吞并 5 blame n 过失 责备 vt 责备 谴责 6 instruct vt 教 教导 命令 指示 通知 7 contribute vi 另外 make sense 有意义 重点句子 1 So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak 2 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense 3 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it 重点语法过去分词做表语和定语 见语法专题 I 词语辨析词语辨析 1 character characteristic n 解释 character 性格 品质 本身具有的 角色 人物 字体 字符 characteristic 特点 特征 区别于其他事物 练习 选择 character 或 characteristic 并用其适当的形式填空 1 He proved himself true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen at its best when he worked with others 2 People living in the city are different from those in the countryside in 3 What are the that distinguish the Chinese from the Japanese 4 Chinese attract a great number of foreigners all over the world 5 The main purpose of a play is to let the speak for themselves as much as possible Keys 1 character 2 character 3 characteristics 4 character 5 character 2 examine check test 检查检查 解释 examine 仔细察看或观察 以了解情况或是否有问题或毛病 check 检查 含有 校对 或 找错 的意思 test 检查 检测 以某种手段来试一试某人或某物是否达到了一定的标准 练习 选择 check examine 或 test 并用其适当的形式填空 1 I was being for a driving license for the third time 2 The doctor him carefully 3 The interviewer always her facts before sending them to the editor Keys 1 tested 2 examined 3 checks 3 cure treat 治疗 治疗 解释 cure 表示治愈的结果 treat 表示治疗的过程 练习 选择 cure 或 treat 并用其适当的形式填空 1 After being for such a long time the wound at last Keys 1 treated cured 4 blame scold 责备责备 解释 blame 责备 谴责 归咎于强调对某种可以解释的失误或不良行为的谴责或惩罚 scold 斥责 责骂 指大声呵斥 责备 唠唠叨叨地说 常用于长辈对晚辈 练习 1 Don t it on him but on me 2 The parents the naughty boy and asked him to leave the home at once Keys 1 blame 2 scolded 5 reject refuse 拒绝拒绝 解释 reject 后接名词 含对被抛弃的东西不屑一顾 refuse 后接名词 动名词 可表 谢绝 练习 选择 refuse 或 reject 并用其适当的形式填空 1 The Christian Church his theory saying it was against God s idea 2 I can t stand working with Jane in the same office She just to stop talking while she works Keys 1 rejected 2 refuses II 词形变化词形变化 science n 科学scientific adj 科学的scientist n 科学家 announce v 宣布announcement n 宣布announcer n 广播员 告知者 instruct v 指导 命令instruction n 指导 指示instructive adj 有益的 教育性的 enthusiastic adj 热心的 热 情的 enthusiasm n 狂热 热心enthusiast n 热心家 狂热者 valuable adj 有价值的value n 价值value v 估价 评价 练习 根据句子结构 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空 1 The took a very approach to science 2 The make a n that all the details should through the broadcast announce 3 It is and easy for the children to read some masterpieces with the at the bottom of each page instruct 4 You don t seem very about the idea I don t mind she said without much enthusiasm 5 There is no any criterion to whether it is information value keys 1 scientist scientific science 2 announcer announcement be announced 3 instructive instructions 4 enthusiastic enthusiasm 5 value valuable 重点词汇 重点词汇 1 conclude vi 终结 结束 推断 决定 典例 1 The meeting concluded at ten o clock 会议于十点钟结束 2 It is hard to conclude 这很难断定 重点用法 conclusion n 结束 结论 make draw reach come to arrive at a conclusion 下结论 得出结论 bring sth to a conclusion 使 结束 in conclusion 作为结论 最后 练习 汉译英 1 我们推定蓝队无法按时抵达目的地 2 我们认定他并没有告诉我们实情 也就是他在撒谎 Keys 1 We concluded that the blue team could not reach the destination on time 2 We concluded that he didn t tell us the truth That is he was lying 2 attend v 1 注意 留意 处理 与 to 连用 do with 2 出席 到场 3 照看 照料 take care look after 典例 1 We ll attend to the problem later 稍后我们将关注那个问题 2 Which doctor is attending you 哪一个医生为你看病 重点用法 attendance n 出席 出席的人数 伺候 照料 attend school 上学 attend a lecture meeting 听讲座 出席会议 attend a wedding ceremony 出席婚礼 参加典礼 练习 汉译英 1 他们在我们不在时管理事务 2 他在这个领域很出名 今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座 Keys 1 They attended our affairs during our absence 2 He is famous in this field and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening 3 expose vt 1 使暴露 显露 2 曝光 3 揭露 重点用法 exposure n 在日光 风雨 危险中 暴露 暴晒 后接 to n 摄影的 曝光 be exposed to 置身于 暴露于 典例 1 A real artist can always expose his students to good art and music 称职的艺术家总能使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐 2 This film has been exposed 这片子已经感光 3 He exposed the plan to the newspapers 他向几家报纸透露了这个计划 4 Exposure to the cold wind left my lips feeling dry 我暴露在寒风中 觉得嘴唇干裂 5 As a journalist in the war she was exposed to many dangers 作为战地记者 她置身于多种危 险中 练习 用 expose 的恰当形式填空 1 The soil was washed away by the flood bare rock 2 The baby was left the wind and rain 3 The of the plot against the President probably saved his life Keys 1 exposing 2 exposed to 3 exposure 4 absorb 1 吸收 2 使 精神 贯注 3 占用 时间 重点用法 be absorbed in 全神贯注于 热衷于 absorb one s attention 吸引某人注意力 典例 1 The equipment can absorb moisture from the air 这一设备能从空中吸收水分 2 He is absorbed in study 他专心读书 3 This job absorbs all of my time 这件工作占用了我的全部时间 练习 汉译英 1 颜色丰富的东西总能轻易地吸引孩子们的注意力 2 这双新鞋特别设计了吸收能量的作用 Keys 1 Things in colour can often absorb children s attention easily 2 The new shoes are specially designed to absorb the energy 5 blame vt 责备 谴责 归咎于 n 责怪 过失 过错等 责任 典例 1 The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday 那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责 2 Who is to blame for the failure 谁该为这次的失败负责 3 The student blamed the teacher for his failure 学生因失败而怪老师 重点用法 blame sb for doing sth 因 做 某事而指责某人 blame sth on sb 因某事而指责某人 sb be to blame for doing sth 因 做 某事某人应该受到谴责 注意 be to blame 应负责 无被动形式 练习 汉译英 1 看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了 2 这件事谁也不能怨 3 他指责你玩忽职守 Keys 1 It seemed that the water was to blame 2 Nobody is to blame for it 3 He blames you for neglect of duty 6 instruct vt 教导 指示 典例 1 Miss Liu instructed a class in math last year 刘老师去年给一个班学生上数学课 2 The volunteers often go to an orphan home to instruct orphans in English 这些志愿者经常去孤儿之家去教他们英语 3 He was instructed when to start through the email 他从邮件中得到出发时间的通知 4 He was instructed to sail for New York 他奉命前往纽约 重点用法 instruct sb in sth 教 教导 传授技能 instruct sb to do instruct wh 命令 指示 instruct that clause 通知 练习 汉译英 1 老职工对青年职工言传身教 2 同时要求孩子们放学后留在教室里 Keys 1 The old workers instruct the young workers not only in words but by deeds 2 The children were also instructed not to leave the classroom after class 7 contribute vi 另外 典例 1 Apart from a few faults he is a perfect teacher 除了几个缺点之外 他是一个很好的老 师 2 Apart from the cost the dress doesn t suit me 姑且不论价格 这件礼服也不适合我穿 短语归纳 in addition to 除 之外 还有 包括在内 besides 除 之外 还有 包括在内 except for 除 之外除 之外 还有 不包括在内 except that 除了 除 之外 还有 不包括在内 练习 选择以上短语填空 1 As a senior student we study other subjects English 2 Your article is well written some spelling mistakes Keys 1 besides in addition to apart from 2 except for 3 make sense 讲得通 有意义 典例 What he says makes sense 他说的有道理 Can you make sense of this poem 你能明白这首诗的含义吗 What you say is true in a sense 你所说的在某种意义上是真实的 短语归纳 make no sense 讲不通 无意义 make sense of 了解 明白 in a sense 就某种意义而言 在某种意义上 练习 汉译英 1 老师试了许多次 但这个长句依然讲不通 2 从某种意义上说 这部影片富含意义 Keys 1 The teacher tried many times but the long sentence still could not make sense 2 The film is full of meaning in a sense V 重点句子重点句子 旨在提供句子结构等所需材料 1 So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak 每次瘟疫爆发 数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去 解释 every time 可作连词使用 引导时间状语从句 意为 每次 每当 immediately the moment directly instantly 等都可以作连词引导时间状语从句 意为 一 就 典例 1 Every time I meet him I always think of the things happened between us 每次见到他 我就想起发生在我们之间的事情 2 Immediately he saw the message he knew he misunderstood his best friend 一见到纸条 他就知道他误会了他最好的朋友 练习 汉译英 每次我去找他 他都在专心看书 我一见到她就把这本书给了她 我一见到他就把这封信给他 我一接到你的信就来了 Keys 1 Every time I went to see him he was absorbed in reading 2 I gave the book to her the moment I saw her 3 I will give the letter to him immediately I see him 4 I came directly I got the letter 2 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense 只有 当你把太阳放在中心位置上 天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚 解释 Only 引导的状语放在句首 句子需用半倒装 练习 汉译英 只有用这种方法 你才能轻松地解决这个问题 就在你失去它的时候 你才会懂得时间的宝贵 Keys 1 Only in this way can you deal with the problem easily 2 Only when you lost it will you understand how valuable the time is 3 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上 而行星则围绕着太阳转 解释 with 宾语 v ing v ed to do adj adv prep phrases 构成的复合结构在句中通 常作为状语 表示背景情况 为方式 原因或条件等 典例 1 With the old man leading the way we started towards the forest 在老者的带路下 我们向 森林进发 2 She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face 她不停地奔跑 汗珠顺着脸颊 流下来 练习 汉译英 1 老师微笑地走进教室 身后还跟着一群小朋友 2 随着考试的结束 我们的假期开始了 Keys 1 With a group of children following the teacher came into the classroom with smile 2 With the test finished we began our holiday 课文要点 模块 课文要点 模块 课文词汇等填空课文词汇等填空 旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等 根据课文内容完成下面语法填空 注意单词拼写和词语用法 In the times of Queen Victoria so called King Cholera hit Londoners which often 1 导致 large numbers of 2 dead Thanks to John Snow a then well known 3 this deadly disease finally got controlled John Snow thought 4 most important was to find its 5 So he began to gather the information for which he made a map on which he marked 6 the 7 受害者 had lived As a result he found out that the 8 污染 water was the cause of cholera and suggested that the source of all water supplies 9 检查 immediately Finally King Cholera 10 defeat 答案 1 resulted in 2 deaths 3 doctor 4 the 5 cause 6 where 7 victims 8 polluted 9 be examined 10 was defeated 课文大意概括课文大意概括 旨在训练用 30 个单词概括大意的能力 阅读课文 试着用 30 来个单词概括课文大意或将下面的短文译成英语 这篇短文的主要意思是说斯诺找到了一种叫做霍乱疾病的起因 这是 19 世纪发生在伦 敦的一种致命的疾病 在斯诺的努力 该疾病终于得到控制 The main idea of this passage is that 答案 The main idea of this passage is that John Snow found out the cause of the disease called cholera which was a deadly disease in London in the 19th century With Snow s great efforts the disease was finally under control 课文佳句背诵与仿写课文佳句背诵与仿写 旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力 1 原句 John Snow was a well known doctor in Landon and he was so famous indeed 插 入语 that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies 模仿要点 两个简单句合并成一句 很好地运用了插入语和符号来压缩句子 模仿 1 张老师是个热心的老师 他那么善良我想当他的学生生病时他一定乐意帮助他 们的 答案 Mr Zhang is a warm hearted teacher in our school so kind I think I believe I suppose I dare say 插入语 that he is sure to help his students when they are ill 模仿 2 李平是我们班一位用功的学生 他那么勤奋我想晚上不到 11 点他不会上床睡觉 的 答案 Li Ping is a hard working boy in my class so diligent I suppose that he never goes to bed until 11 at night 2 原句 Although he had tried to ignore them all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion that the earth was not the centre of the solar system 模仿要点 冒号加 that 从句 模仿 1 虽然她不相信别人说的话 可她所收集的证据得出这样的结论 她的男朋友骗 了她 答案 Though she didn t believe what other people said the evidences that she collected led to the conclusion that her boy friend cheated her 模仿 2 尽管他很聪明 但他不勤奋 他这学期所经历的失败得出这样的结论 不劳不 获 答案 Though he was very clever he didn t work hard and all his failure that she experienced this term led to the conclusion that no pains no gains 3 原句 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth 模仿要点 句子结构 with 的复合结构作定语修饰前面的名词 模仿 1 当你步入校园 在你面前是一个种着各种花草的大花坛 在花坛的两边是两个 高大的楼房 左边是教学楼 右边是图书馆 答案 When you enter the school you can see in front of you a big flower bed with various kinds of flowers and grass growing in it and with two large buildings standing on both sides the library on your right and the teaching building on your left 模仿 2 井底之蛙 永远看不到天空的广阔 好男儿志在四方 让我们踏歌而行 看高高的灯塔照亮我们远航的路 with 结构作状语 The frog at the bottom of the well is always blind to the extension of the sky Ambitious men aims far Let s get started with the tall lighthouse guiding our long voyage and with the voice of singing accompanying 单元自测单元自测 模块 模块 1 完形填空完形填空 阅读下面短文 掌握其大意 然后从 21 30 各题所给的 A B C 和 D 项中 选出最 佳选项 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 字数 212完成时间 15 分 钟 难度 Lang Lang went to a piano school in Beijing when he was just eight You need 1 his father said But if you don t work hard no fortune will come What made him sad was that his piano teacher in Beijing didn t like him As a nine year old boy Lang Lang was badly 2 He decided that he didn t want to be a 3 any more For the next two weeks he didn t touch the piano 4 his father didn t push but waited Luckily the day came when his teacher asked him to play some holiday songs He didn t want to but as he placed his fingers on the piano key he 5 that he could show others that he had talent after all In the 1994 International Young Pianists Competition when it was 6 that Lang Lang had won he was too 7 to hold back his tears Soon it was clear that he couldn t stay in China forever he had to play on the world s big 8 In 1997 Lang Lang 9 again this time to Philadelphia U S There he spent Two years practicing After his 10 performance at Chicago s Ravinia Festival gigs 特邀演出 in Lincoln Center and Carnegie Hall started pouring in Lang Lang finally worked to reach the place where fortune spots him and lets him shine 1 A exercise B fortune C knowledge D wealth 2 A hurt B weakened C ruined D frightened 3 A singer B pianist C conductor D player 4 A Hopefully B Patiently C Wisely D Painfully 5 A seemed B admitted C noticed D realized 6 A told B mentioned C announced D recognized 7 A excited B encouraged C shocked D satisfied 8 A conceits B tours C competitions D stages 9 A started left C moved D performed 10 A successful B cheerful C respectful D meaningful 答案 本文主要讲述了一位钢琴家成功之路的感人故事 1 B 下文说 如果你不努力 幸运就不会到来 因此上文是 你需要幸运 2 A 上文老师的话伤了朗朗 hurt 表示伤了感情或身体 weaken 意为减弱 ruin 意为毁 坏 frighten 吓倒 都不符合语境 23 B 受到伤害的直接做法就是不再想做钢琴家了 4 C 朗朗两个星期没练琴 而爸爸没有督促 只是等 下文中讲到了爸爸终于等到了要 听的话 所以爸爸的做法是明智的 wisely 5 D 老师的话伤害了他 使他不再练琴 但当他的手再放在琴键上时 他就意识到 realize 他有能力向别人展示他最终还是有天赋的 26 C 当宣布 announced 朗朗获胜时 他太激动 excited 忍不住流出泪水 27 A 见第 26 题解析 28 D 他不能永远呆在中国 他要到世界的大舞台 stage 上演奏 29 C 1997 年 朗朗又搬家了 这次是去了美国 30 A 由下文的 Lincoln Center 和 Carnegie Hall 特邀演出接踵而至 说明他的演出很成功 2 语法填空语法填空 阅读下面短文 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求 在空格处填入一个适当 的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空 并将答案填写在答题卡标号为 31 40 的相应位置 上 字数 178完成时间 9 分钟难度 In the past there lived a foolish man in a small kingdom called Zheng One day he wanted to buy 31 a pair of new shoes He measured his feet with a ruler first and wrote down his size 32 he was in such a hurry to set out 33 he left it at home When he arrived at 34 shoe shop he felt in the pocket only 35 find that it was not there So he said apologetically I have left the measurement at home and don t know the size I ll fetch it in one minute 36 these words he hurried off as fast as his legs could carry him He ran back home found it and then to the shop again But still 37 took him quite a while and the shop was already 38 close then He had gone to all this trouble for nothing and did not get his shoes Then someone asked him with 39 curious Did you buy the shoes for yourself or someone 40 For myself of course he answered Then why don t you try the shoes on by yourself 答案 31 himself 反身代词作间接宾语 从后文知道是给他自己买一双新鞋 32 But 根据上下文逻辑关系这里应该用表示转折的连词 33 that 引出结果状语从句 与前面 such 搭配连用 34 a 第一次提到该鞋店应该用不定冠词 35 to find only 与不定式连用 用作结果状语 意为 结果发现 36 With with these words 说完这些话 37 it 指代前面他回家取 measurement 先前所量脚的尺寸 这件事 38 closed 过去分词作表语 39 curiosity 词形转化 此处应该用名词作介词 with 的宾语 40 else 考查 else 的用法 3 信息匹配信息匹配 阅读下列应用文及相关信息 并按照要求匹配信息 以下是世界各地一些大学的简介 A John Douglas University Located in the United States this small university is well known for it s low cost and excellent science education B Oxford University Located in England this is one of the world s oldest and most famous universities The rich history and beautiful scenery comes at a high cost but the quality of the classes is excellent C Brown College This three year technical school is located in Australia It s a very modem campus which opened only two years ago The courses focus mainly on computers and multimedia D Saint Francis University This religious university is located in the United States and asks that all students have a good knowledge of religion and American history The school isn t the most modern but it offers scholarships to poor students who wish to study but can t pay E Concordia University This comprehensive university is popular with students who wish to pursue further studies after having completed their undergraduate work The campus has more than 25 000 students F Delta College This online school offers many degree programs through correspondence so students can work at home on their free time for their degree The cost is moderate but the convenience is worthwhile for many 以下是一些学生的情况和求学想法的简介 请匹配学生所感兴趣的学校 41 Michael is a young student who has always received excellent grades but his family may not be able to pay for his studies they are hoping he can receive financial aid somehow 42 Sarah comes from a wealthy family so money isn t a problem She loves history and hopes to get the best education possible 43 David is married and must work to support his family He hopes to get a higher education to improve his salary 44 Rachel loves computers and hopes to find a job in the information technology field She lives in London and would love to travel abroad for her studies 45 Johnson has completed a bachelor degree in economics and wants to continue his studies so that he can someday teach at a famous university 答案 41 D 解析 从 Michael 的家庭情况来看 他需要奖学金的资助 因此 D 项符合他的需求 42 B 解析 Sarah 家庭富裕喜欢历史 追求最好的教育 故选 B 项 43 F 解析 David 已婚 他要养活一家人 不能去上大学 但是可以通过网络来接受教 育 Delta College 刚好能满足他的要求 44 C 解析 生活在伦敦的 Rachel 喜欢电脑想找到一份与信息技术有关的工作 他还想 出国留学 因此 C 项符合她要求 45 E 解析 Concordia University 是一所多层次大学 录取想进修深造的学生继续他们的 学业 这刚好符合 Johnson 的要求 4 基础写作基础写作 假设你是李华 你所在学校拟在下周开一个 如何高效地学习英语 的讲座 请你根据 以下要点给史密斯教授写一封信 邀请他给学生做这次讲座 信的内容包括 讲座目的 让学生了解英语学习策略 讲座内容 如何高效学习英语 如何提高学习英语的兴趣 如何自主学习 讲座时间 1 小时 30 分钟左右 写作要求 1 必须使用 5 个句子介绍全部所给的内容 2 将 5 个句子组织成连贯的一篇短文 使用必要的连接词 3 开头语与结束语已给出 不计入句子总数 4 参考词汇 策略 strategy Dear Professor Smith 答案 Dear Professor Smith Our school is planning to have a lecture on how to learn English effectively for middle school students next week and I m writing to ask you to come and give a talk o