常用临床医学术语(1).doc

.常用临床医学术语diseases疾病acute diseases急性病advanced diseases病沉重期，晚期疾病 chronic diseases慢性病communicable diseases传染病 complicating diseases并发病congenital diseases先天性疾病acquired diseases后天性疾病 contagious diseases接触性传染病endemic diseases地方病 epidemic diseases流行病functional diseases机能病、官能病 infectious diseases传染病inherited diseases遗传病 malignant diseases恶性病nutritional diseases营养病 occupation diseases职业病organic diseases器质性病 paroxysmal diseases阵发性病periodical diseases周期病 primary(principal)diseases原发（主导）病secondary diseases继发病 sexual(venereal, social)diseases性病terminal diseases绝症 wasting diseases消耗性疾病 chief complaint主诉 clinical manifestation临床表现delivery history分娩史 etiology病因学family history家族史 history, medical history病史precipitating(induced)诱因 marital status婚姻状况menstrual history月经史 menarche初潮menopause闭经 past history既往史pathogenesis发病机制 personal history个人史 symptoms症状cardinal symptom主要症状 classical symptom典型症状concomitant symptom伴发症状 constitutional(systemic) symptom全身症状indirect symptom间接症状 induced symptom诱发症状local symptom局部症状 mental symptom精神症状symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom综合症，症候群signs体征antecedent前驱征 assident (accessory)副征commemorative后遗症 sign of death死征diagnostic诊断征 sign of disease病征subjective自觉征，主观征vein sign静脉征 vital sign生命体征body length (height of the body)身高body weight体重 barrel chest桶状胸cachexia恶病质 compulsive position被动体位critical facies病危面容 emaciation消瘦enophthalmos眼球下陷 entropion睑内翻exophthalmos眼球突出 flushed face面色潮红gain (loss) in weight增加（减轻）体重 lock-jaw牙关紧闭lordosis脊柱前凸 nasal ala flap鼻翼扇动nystagmus眼震 obesity肥胖pallor苍白 scolisis脊柱侧凸agitation焦急不安 debility, weakness虚弱diaphoresis出汗，大量出汗 dizziness, vertigo眩晕lassitude, fatigue无力，倦怠 malaise不适night sweat盗汗 numbness麻木rigor, chill寒冷，发冷 perspiration, sweating出汗pruritus, itching痒， somasthenia躯体无力tingling麻刺感 abscess脓肿acidosis酸中毒 adhesion粘连alkalosis碱中毒 allergy过敏coagulation defect凝血不良 congestion充血dehydration脱水 distention膨胀edema水肿 embolism栓塞，栓塞形成fluid and electrolyte imbalance水电解质紊乱gangrene坏疽 hematoma血肿hemorrhage, bleeding出血 infarction梗塞，梗死infection传染 inflammation炎症ketoacidosis酮酸中毒 metastasis转移perforation穿孔 necrosis坏死shock休克 response反应，应答reaction反应，感应 thrombosis血栓形成ulceration溃疡 fever, pyrexia发烧，发热continuous fever稽留热 intermittent fever间歇热low-grade fever低热 remittent fever驰张热relapsing fever回归热 pain痛burning pain灼痛 chest(flank,) pain胸（胁腹）痛cramp-like pain痉挛性痛 dull, diffused pain弥漫性钝痛pleuritic pain胸膜炎性痛radiating pain (pain radiating to)放射性痛（放射到疼痛）angina绞痛 cardiac angina心绞痛backache背痛 colic绞痛，急腹痛earache耳痛 headache头痛neuralgia神经痛 migraine偏头痛rebound tenderness反跳痛 somatalgia躯体痛sore throat咽喉痛 stomachache胃痛toothache牙痛 bloody sputum带血的痰cough咳嗽 dry cough干咳expectoration咳痰 expectoration of blood咳血hemoptysis咳血 anoxia缺氧 apnea呼吸暂停，窒息asthma气喘，哮喘 Cheyne Stokes respiration切斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea呼吸困难 hyperpnea hyperventilation过度呼吸，换气过度hypopnea呼吸不全， 呼吸浅表 hypoxia低氧，缺氧orthopnea端坐呼吸 respiratory arrest呼吸停止suffocation窒息 tachypnea呼吸急促fetid breath口臭 fruity breath呼吸有水果味 arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齐 atelectasis肺不张，肺膨胀不全cardiac arrest心搏骤停 cardiac hypertrophy心脏肥大cyanosis发绀，青紫 distension of jugular vein颈静脉怒张extrasystole期外收缩 gallop rhythm奔马律hemopleura血胸 hepatojugular reflux肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia（循环）血容量减少 palpitation心悸tachycardia心动过速 pneumothorax气胸thrill震颤 absent breath sounds呼吸音消失dull sound浊音 hyperresonant鼓音rale啰音 rhonchus, rhonchi鼾音，干啰音wheeze哮鸣音 anorexia, loss of appetite食欲不振，厌食dysphagia吞咽困难 eructation嗳气belching嗳气 flatulence气胀flatus肠胃气，屁 gaseous distention胃胀气hematemesis呕血 hiccough, hiccup打呃，呃逆nausea恶心 pyrosis胃灼热regurgitation反胃，回流 thirsty口渴vomiting呕吐 anal fissure, crack in the anal canal肛裂ascites腹水board-like rigidity of the abdomen板状腹decreased tactile fremitus触觉性震颤减弱exophageal varices食管静脉曲张fistula瘘，瘘管 hemorrhoid痔hernia疝 hepatomegaly肝肿大intussusception肠套叠 jaundice黄疸muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall腹壁肌卫peristalsis蠕动 loss of peristalsis蠕动消失mass peristalsis总蠕动retrograde (reversed) peristalsis逆蠕动 prolapse脱垂prolapse of anus脱肛 rectal prolapse直肠脱垂，脱肛volvulus肠扭转 calculus结石， 石biliary calculus胆结石 vesical calculus膀胱结石 constipation便秘 defecation排便diarrhea腹泻 incontinence of feces大便失禁hematochezia便血 fecal impaction大便嵌塞occult blood潜血 painful straining with defecation排便痛性牵动clay colored stools陶土色便 dark, granular/coffee ground emesis咖啡样呕吐物fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting呕粪，吐粪foul fatty stools, steatorrhea恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢scanty and hard stools便少而硬tarry (black) stools柏油样便 anuria无尿burning sensation no urination排尿时的灼烧感dysurea排尿困难，尿痛enuresis, bed wetting遗尿frequency of urination尿频micturation排尿uresis, urination, voiding排尿nocturia夜尿oliguria少尿polyuria多尿tenesmus里急后重vesical tenesmus排尿时里急后重uremia coma尿毒症昏迷urgency of urination尿急urinary incontinence尿失禁 aciduria酸尿chyluria乳糜尿cylindruia管型尿glycosuria糖尿hematuria血尿ketonuria酮尿pneumatinuria气尿proteinuria蛋白尿pyuria脓尿 amenorrhea经闭，无月经dysmenorrhea痛经menorrhagia月经过多lochia恶露menorrhea行经，月经过多menstruation月经uterine contraction子宫收缩 blotch斑点bruise挫伤，青肿acne痤疮，粉刺desquamation脱皮，脱屑ecchymosis瘀斑loss of skin turgor失去皮肤充盈nevus痣papule丘疹petechia瘀点，瘀斑pigmentation色素沉着pustule脓疱purpura紫癫red nodule红结节roseola玫瑰疹scar伤疤senile plaque老人斑spider anaioma蛛形痣subcutaneous nodule皮下结节urticaria荨麻疹vesicle小水疱vitiligo白斑 blindness失明blurred vision, visual disturbance视力模糊impaired vision视力下降lacrimation流泪papilledema视神经乳头水肿photophobia畏光，羞明retinal detachment视网膜脱离 deafness聋hearing loss听力丧失tinnitus耳鸣epistaxis, nasal bleeding鼻出血impaired smelling嗅觉障碍nasal discharge鼻涕nasal obstruction鼻塞sneeze喷嚏snore打鼾aphonia, loss of voice失音症hoarseness嘶哑gum bleeding齿龈出血herpes labialis唇疱疹，感冒疮Kopliks spots科普利克斑lead line of the gum龈铅线salivation, drooling流口水straw-berry tongue草莓舌tremulous tongue舌震颤 atrophy萎缩contracture挛缩deformity畸形，变形dislocation脱位fracture骨折closed (simple)fracture无创骨折，单纯性骨折comminuted fracture粉碎性骨折compound fracture哆开（开放性）骨折knock-knee膝外翻opisthotonos角弓反张prosthesis假体spasm痉挛tetany (肌)强直，手足抽搦wrist drop腕下垂 aphasia失语ataxia共济失调coma昏迷consciousness知觉，意识convulsion抽搐，惊厥delirium谵妄delusion妄想faint昏厥hallucination幻觉hemiplegia偏瘫increased intracranial pressure颅内压增高insanity精神错乱loss of orientation定向丧失mania躁狂memory defects, amnesia记忆缺损，遗忘症paraplegia截瘫，下身麻痹projectile vomiting喷射性呕吐somnolence, (lethargy)昏睡，嗜睡stupor木僵，昏呆tetraplegia四肢瘫痪unconsciousness失去知觉yawning打哈欠 crisis危象cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, .) crisis脑（热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒）危象failure衰竭，故障central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure中枢（循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸）衰竭 diagnosis诊断auscultation听诊inspection视诊palpation触诊percussion叩诊laboratory examination实验室检查physical examination体格检查rectal (vaginal) touch直肠（阴道）指诊impression印象tentative diagnosis暂定诊断differential diagnosis鉴别诊断final diagnosis最后诊断prognosis预后prescription处方incubation (latent) period潜伏期prodromal stage前驱期incipient stage初期quiescent stage静止期alleviation减轻，缓和remission缓解attack发作convalescence (recovery) stage恢复期rehabilitation康