讲义1——谓语动词的形式

1 2017 10 21 高一第一学期讲义高一第一学期讲义 7 本节课重点 1 准确判断句中谓语动词的形式 2 综合题型练习 Part 1 时态结构和谓语动词形式总结时态结构和谓语动词形式总结 一 不同时态的结构一 不同时态的结构 1 一般现在时一般现在时 1 主语 do does 其他 2 主语 be 动词 am is are 其他 3 主语 情态动词 can may must should ought to do 动词原形 其他 2 现在进行时现在进行时 主语 be 动词 am is are doing 现在分词 其他 3 一般将来时一般将来时 主语 will shall be going to do 动词原形 其他 4 将来进行时将来进行时 主语 will be doing 其他 5 一般过去时一般过去时 1 主语 did 过去式 其他 2 主语 be 动词 was were 其他 3 主语 情态动词 could might must should ought to do 动词原形 其他 6 过去进行时过去进行时 主语 be 动词 was were doing 现在分词 其他 7 现在完成时现在完成时 主语 助动词 have has done 过去分词 其他 8 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 主语 助动词 have has been doing 现在分词 其他 9 过去完成时过去完成时 主语 助动词 had done 过去分词 其他 10 将来完成时将来完成时 主语 will have done 其他 二 被动语态及其用法二 被动语态及其用法 一一 概念及构成概念及构成 1 概念概念 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时 谓语的形式就称为动词的主动语态 而当句子 的主语是动作的承受者时 谓语的形式就称为动词的被动语态 被动语态需要注意以下两点 时态和结构 2 不同时态的被动语态的构成不同时态的被动语态的构成 被动语态由 助动词 be 及物动词的过去分词 构成 人称 数和时态的变化 是通过 be 的变化表现出来的 1 一般现在 过去时的被动语态 am is are done 一般现在时的被动语态 was were done 一般过去时的被动语态 2 现在进行时的被动语态 2 先考虑时态结构 am is are doing 再考虑语态结构 be done am is are being done 3 现在完成时的被动语态 先考虑时态结构 have has done 再考虑语态结构 be done have has been done 4 含有情态动词 助动词的被动语态 先考虑时态结构 情态动词 will be going to do 再考虑语态结构 be done 情态动词 will be going to be done 二二 学习被动语态时需要注意以下考点 学习被动语态时需要注意以下考点 考点一 表示发生的词不能用于被动语态 come true consist of take place happen belong break out 例如 Great changes have taken place in my hometown A big earthquake has happened in Chile this year 考点二 下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义 而且常与 well easily 等副词连用 这些 动词有 wash sell write 等 例如 The book sells well 这本书很畅销 考点三 连系动词不能用于被动语态 常见的有表示感官的连系动词 taste smell look feel sound 和表示变化的连系动词 become turn get go grow 例如 The coat feels soft 三 谓语动词形式总结三 谓语动词形式总结 句子的时态体现在谓语动词的不同形式 综合分析不同时态的结构可以得出谓语 动词的形式主要有以下几类 1 动词原形 do 2 动词的第三人称单数形式 does 3 动词的过去式 did 4 be 动词 am is are was were 5 含情态动词的谓语形式 can may must should ought to do could might must should ought to do 6 完成时态中的谓语形式 have has had done have has been doing will have done 7 被动语态中的谓语形式 am is are done was were done am is are being done was were being done have has had been done Part 2 S1A 能力提升练习能力提升练习 7 II Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions After reading the passages below fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct For the blanks with a given word fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word for the other blanks use one word that best fits each 3 blank A Last August Susan and forty two other students got wet and dirty while removing six tons of garbage 25 the river running across their city 26 cleaned up the river as part of a weeklong environmental camp Like one in three American rivers this river is so polluted that it s unsafe for swimming or fishing Still Susan 27 has just completed her third summer camp on the river cleanup sees a change in this river Since we started three years ago the river is getting a lot 28 clean she says Environmental scientists praise the teenagers for removing garbage 29 can harm wild life Water birds for example can die of plastic bottle rings and get cut by tiny metals Three years ago when the cleanup started garbage was everywhere But this year the teenagers can row their boats fast By the end of the six hour cleanup they 30 remove enough garbage to fill more than two large trucks 31 see all that garbage in the river makes people begin to care about environmental issues Susan says She hopes that when others read that she and her peers care enough 32 clean it up maybe they would think twice before they throw garbage into the river B Dave Fuss lost his job 33 drive a truck for a small company in west Michigan His wife Gerrie was still working in the local school cafeteria and the price of everything was rising The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift 7 000 a legacy 遗产 from their neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch who died in 34 accident It really made a difference 35 we were going under financially says Dave But the Fusses weren t the only folks in Alto and the neighboring town of Lowell to receive unexpected legacy from the Hatches Dozens of other families 36 touch by the Hatches generosity In some cases it was a few thousand dollars in others it was more than 100 000 It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money more than 3 million they were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on 37 was left of the family farm 38 the financial crisis Ish and Arlene developed the habit of saving They were fond of comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store 39 check prices before making a new purchase Through the years the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents 40 not afford it Ish and Arlene never asked whether you needed anything says their friend Sand Van Weelden They could see the things they could do to make you happier and they would do them Section B Directions Complete the following passage by using the words in the box Each word can only be used once Note that there is one word more than you need A cultivationB farmedC constantD machineryE plunged F lightningG envyH preciousI uncomfortableJ aircraft K consequence 4 Modern inventions have speeded up people s loves amazingly Motor cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour 41 cross the world inside a day while computers operate at 42 speed Indeed this love of speed seems never ending Every year motor cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boasts of saving 43 seconds in handling tasks All this saves time but at a price When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane our bodies tell us so We get the 44 feeling known as jet lag our bodies feel that they have been left behind on another time zone Again spending too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers Mobile phones also have their dangers according to some scientists too much use may send harmful radiation into our brains a 45 we do not like to think about However what do we do with the time we have saved Certainly not relax or so it seems We are so accustomed to 46 activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio letting imagination take us into another world There was a time when some people s lives were devoted simply to the 47 of the land or the care of cattle No multi tasking there their lives went on at a much gentler pace and in a familiar pattern There is much that we might 48 a way of life like this Yet before we do so we must think of the hard tasks our ancestor faced they 49 with bare hands often lived close to hunger and had to fashion tools from wood and stone Modern 50 has freed people from that primitive 原始的 existence III Reading Comprehension Section A Directions For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A B C and D Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context It s believed that intelligent people are better at learning languages Most language learning skills 51 are habits which can be formed through a bit of discipline and self awareness But some of them are not good enough Here are the three most common 52 language learners make and how to correct them Not listening enough There s a school of language teaching experts that believe language learning 53 a silent period Just as babies learn to produce language by hearing and parroting sounds language learners need to practise listening in order to learn This can develop learned vocabulary and structures and help learners see patterns in language Listening is the communicative skill we use most in daily life but it can be 54 to practise unless you live in a foreign country or attend language classes The solution Find music podcasts TV shows and movies in the 55 language and listen listen listen as often as possible A single method Some learners are most comfortable with the listen and repeat drills of a language lab Some need a grammar textbook to 56 a foreign tongue Each of these approaches is fine but it s a mistake to rely on only one Language learners who use 57 methods get to practise different skills and see concepts explained in different ways What s more the 58 can keep them from working in a situation that never changes When choosing a 5 class learners should seek a course that 59 the four language skills reading writing listening and speaking For self study try a 60 of textbooks audio lessons and language learning apps 61 It doesn t matter how well a person can write in foreign script or finish a vocabulary test To learn improve and truly use our language we need to speak This is the stage when language students should calm down and feelings of 62 or insecurity hinder 阻碍 all their hard work In Eastern cultures where saving face is a strong social value EFL teachers often complain that students despite years of studying English simply will not speak it They re too 63 making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words in a way that would 64 them The key is that those mistakes help language learners by showing them the limits of language and correcting errors 65 they become deep rooted The more learners speak and practise the more quickly they improve 51 A howeverB moreoverC furthermoreD therefore 52 A successesB wondersC mistakesD contributions 53 A picks upB begins withC takes upD meets with 54 A efficientB difficultC easyD ideal 55 A nationalB officialC signD target 56 A make sense ofB make use ofC make profit ofD make fun of 57 A commonB educationalC permanentD multiple 58 A varietyB changeC improvementD alternative 59 A postponesB lacksC assessesD practises 60 A selectionB preferenceC combinationD replacement 61 A ComplaintsB FearC SecureD Diligence 62 A humorB shynessC achievementsD laughter 63 A confident inB comfortable with C keen onD afraid of 64 A amuseB informC remindD embarrass 65 A ifB beforeC in caseD so that Section B Directions Read the following three passages Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements For each of them there are four choices marked A B C and D Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read A Miscioscio 60 a marketing consultant in Pearl River N Y says she s addicted to her Sony e reader She buys or borrows a print book only when it s not available digitally Miscioscio says most of her friends and relatives have also switched to e books for the convenience and lower prices Last winter she notes she vacationed in Costa Rica and says at least Meier 43 a marketing director in Beaver Falls prefers her books on paper not screens After working on a computer all day she says I want a book in my hand Turning over its pages is my way of knowing it s time to relax and slow down Meier who s sticking with physical books doesn t consider herself any kind of digital resister I m 6 75 of those reading were reading electronically I was shocked to see people taking their e readers onto the loungers 躺 椅 in the pool comfortable with all forms of technology she says However when it comes to books I suppose I m a traditionalist My preference will always be the real thing To her part of the joy of reading is the book itself pulling it from the shelf inspecting the cover letting it fall open to a random page Both have lots of company Statistics show that e book sales grew 43 last year but that s a slowdown compared with the triple digit increases in recent years E books remain the fastest growing part of the book market but account for only about 20 of all sales reported by publishers Miscioscio and Meier are at opposite ends of a book business in transition Even though e book sales have grown more than 4 000 since 2008 it s unlikely that physical books will disappear the way records did in the music industry 66 Miscioscio will when a book is not available digitally A buy the book on paperB switch to the book of lower price C take an e reader onto the loungersD give up reading such kind of books 67 According to Meier her preference refers to A an e bookB part of joyC a random pageD a physical book 68 What can we learn from the last paragraph A Records are unlikely to disappear in the music industry B Miscioscio and Meier are two opponents in book business C Physical books will remain to be accepted to some people D The market share of e books is bigger than that of paper books 69 What is the passage mainly concerned with A E books will dominate the book industry eventually B Readers go their own way in choosing books C New technology brings more benefits for readers D Physical books will disappear gradually in the future B Welcome you to GRAND CANYON WEST with Meal 25 12 2013 NON REFUNDABLE ALL SALES ARE FINAL Grand Canyon West GCW 美国西部大峡谷 is owned by the Hualapai Tribe Tribe and operated by Hwal Bay Baj Enterprises Inc dba Grand Canyon Resort Corporation GCRC You assume all risk and danger that happens in your visit Directors officers and employees are not responsible for any injuries damages and liabilities theft or loss of any kind Upon entering onto the Tribe s land and the Colorado River you have agreed to obey all the laws and customs and waived 放弃 all claims arising from the use of this ticket or your visit Dated tickets are officially acceptable only on the date s printed above This 7 ticket is non refundable You will not use any photographs including film still video or otherwise of the Tribe s land including the Colorado River Grand Canyon and Skywalk directly or indirectly for profit including in any advertisement news or publication without first obtaining the necessary written approvals and permits Management reserves all rights Get your FREE visitation certificate in the Terminal Gift Shop 70 Where is the passage probably taken from A A visiting ticket B A promotion advertisement C A geography book D A science fiction film 71 Which of the following statements is TRUE A You can get the money back if you give up the trip B You needn t pay money for your meal that day C Officers from GCRC will bear responsibility if you get hurt D You are sure to be familiar with all the laws and customs there 72 The word liabilities can be understood as A traditional customsB the amounts of debt C trouble makersD legal responsibilities 73 The photographs taken in Grand Canyon West can be used if A you advertise them for a company indirectly B they are not for business and obtain formal approvals C you pay for the rights to the local government D they are used for the latest publication C Moocs massive open online courses are free but without tutoring and are open to anyone anywhere in the world The courses are flexible normally three to five hours of study a week done at any time short 5 to 10 weeks and video rich They are also heavily dependent on crowd sourcing you can discuss a course with fellow students through online forums discussion boards and peer review Students don t have to finish the courses pass assessments or do assignments but if they do they get a certification of participation The Open University launched FutureLearn the UK s answer to US platforms such as Coursera EdX and Udacity which have been offering Moocs from top US universities for the past two years The response has been incredible with more than three million people registering worldwide Meanwhile in 2012 Edinburgh University became the first non US institution to join Coursera s partnership comprising 13 universities We already run 50 online master s degrees so this was a logical expansion says Professor Jeff Haywood Edinburgh s vice principal It s an investment in teaching methods research How am I going to teach introductory philosophy to 100 000 people That s what I call educational R areB didn t areC didn t wereD don t were 38 After two days searching in the area the small boat was at last A spottedB realizedC revealedD possessed 39 As you touch people surfaces and objects throughout the day you germs on your hands A clingB convinceC confirmD accumulate 40 It used to be clear that the ruling classes had the wealth and power while those underneath did not A authorityB confusionC concentrationD expression 41 her deskmate for nearly two hours she left disappointedly A Waiting forB Having waited for 11 C Waited forD Having been waited for 42 Shirley a book about China last year but I don t know whether she has finished it A has writtenB wroteC had writtenD was writing 43 Hi Tracy you look tired I am tired I the living room all day A paintedB had painted C have been paintingD have painted 44 The mayor said that all construction work for the Olympics by the end of next year A had been completedB had completed C would have been completedD would have completed 45 It was because the water had risen they could not cross the river A whenB soC andD that 46 Last summer we visited the West Lake Hang Zhou is famous in the world A for whichB for thatC in whichD what 47 I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together A when whichB which whenC what thatD on which when 48 It wasn t long he got familiar with everyone in the company A thatB beforeC untilD and 49 I told Sally how to get here but perhaps I for her A had to write it outB must have written it out C should have written it outD ought to write it out 50 This kind of knife is quite popular with customers for it well A is cutB cutsC will be cutD has been cut 51 Until then his family from him for six months A didn t hearB hasn t heard C hasn t been hearingD hadn t heard 52 Why are the Woods selling their belongings They to another city A had movedB have movedC movedD are moving 53 With careful investigation we finally found that she for the accident A was blamedB blamedC has blamedD was to blame 54 The guards standing at the entrance will see to it that no one in without identification A cameB comesC has comeD would come 55 Cold winters in Europe almos