毕业论文4102526

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts I 中文摘要中文摘要 语言能力得到发展 除了要有正常的语言发生生理机制作为生理基础 还要有在成人 的指导下 在社会环境中进行实践练习 创设有利的环境 让幼儿锻炼创造性思维 帮 助幼儿识记 学会合作 创造性地阅读 通过卡通片 媒体等帮助幼儿增加表达方式 同 时 文化和社会经济的影响也是不容忽视的 研究幼儿的语言发展 对幼儿的学校教育工 作和家庭教育工作有着重要的指导意义 关键词 幼儿语言能力发展 社会环境 指导 实践 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts II Abstract As for children s language getting development besides the normal physiological mechanism as the physiological foundation of the language production it also needs under the master of adults and practicing in the social environment Such as creating a suitable environment making children practice their creative thinking helping children learning to read learning to cooperation with others reading innovatively By watching cartoon medias to help children to enrich their ways to expression At the same time we can t regard of the influential of culture and socioeconomic effects Studying the development of children s language have a guiding function of children education in school and in family Key words the development of children s language development social environment guidance practice A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts III Table of Contents 中文摘要 I Abstract II Table of Contents III 1 Introduction 1 2 Condition and Opportunity of Children s Language Development 1 2 1 Healthy Language Organs 1 2 2 A Social Communication Environment 2 2 3 The Opportunity of Children s Language Development 6 2 4 Cultural and Socioeconomic Effects on Language Development 7 3 Phonological Development 8 4 Conclusion 9 Bibliography 10 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts IV 1 Introduction Language is a tool of communicating and it also works on summarization and accommodation during the process of children s mental development The level of language development ability is one of the most important indicators of children s intelligence development During the process of associating with adults and on the fundament of the more and more comprehensive practice children s language ability is rapidly developing Childhood is a time when the children s language is becoming more and more colorful and it is also a critical time that children can skillfully master the oral language During this period time children s language is becoming a kind of outside language changing from the inner language and preliminary grasp the written language People often think that children grow up to a certain time will learn to speak certainly and think born with the ability of speaking Actually children s language acquirement often by means of language communicating practice in social environment And it also affected by relative organs the environment around them the tool of language development and so on However the production and the development of children s language are similar to the resource of human language and it must be prepared with the objective fundamental of children themselves and the society s subjective need And what we adults should do to cultivate and inspire the children s language we may by means as follows 2 The Condition and Opportunity of Children s Language Development 2 1 Healthy Language Organs Having healthy brain There is a language center in our left brain and pronunciation listening organ They are the mental fundament of children s language development Every child that developing normally can get the physiology fundament of speaking from his or her gene Baby is born with the sense of voice There were some foreign researchers having done such an experiment as follows they let some four month babies listen to the tapes having different consonants then leading to their eating and heart hit s change A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts V The experiment suggests that they can distinguish the difference between about forty consonants It seems that this ability is what the baby born with for the consonants they can recognize are much more than the consonants in their parents native language With the ages increasing of the babies this kind of ability will diminish greatly According to the speculations of the researchers there are more than a characteristic detection organ in language main centre of people s brains and responsible for recognizing over ten consonants While it needs environment to inspire otherwise it will be shrinking As we all know people born deaf have no possibility to learn spoken language Proved by timeless clinical trials people who suffered the lesion or hurt in language main centre in brain may suffer from aphasia These phenomenon indicates that without the physiological basis children s language can not develop normally 2 2 A Social Communication Environment There is something that we should notice about the social precondition of children s language development It is crucial that children are allowed to socially interact with other people who can vocalize and respond to questions For language acquisition to develop successfully children must be in an envionment that allows them to communicate in that language There are a few different theories as to why and how chuldren develop language The most popular and yet heavily debated explanation is that language is acquired through imitation The two most accepted theories in language development are psychological and functional Psychological explanations focus on the mental processes involved in childhood language learning Functional explanations look t the social processes involved in learning the first language There are four main components of language phonology involves the rules about the structure and sequence of speech sounds Semantics consists of vocabulary and how concepts are expressed through words Grammar involves two parts The first syntax is the rules in which words are arranged into sentences The second morphology is the use of grammatical markers indicating tense active or passive voice etc Pragmatics involvrs the rules for appropriate and effective communicatiom Pragmatics involves three skills using language for greeting demanding etc changing language for talking differently depending on who it is you are talking to following rules such as turn taking staying on topic each component has its own appropriate developmental periods A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts VI Language communication in social environment plays a important role in children s language development Congenital genetic predisposition only provides the possibility of development of children s language It can work only in the situation that affected by the acquired education and will be improved in the practice of language communication According to the study children all over the world speaking every kind of language have similar process of acquiring and developing a language So we can infer that they have same physiological structure and grow up in certain language environment However children who cut off from the society have no access to the human language can not acquire one kind of language Take wolf child Mural for example taken away by the wolf since he was a little baby until he return to human society when he was 8 years old could not speak any kind of language Geny a girl who was locked by her father cut off from the outside world with no people talking to her She was found when she was 13 years old can not say a word Although they were born with normal physiological fundamental both of them acquire no language And there were some Instances indicates that children lacing of language communication practice even if they can hear some language it also slow down the speed of their language development Another example is about an American boy who has normal aural comprehension and both of his parents are deaf mutes Although he can watch TV and listen to normal language communicate between normal people lacking of directly language communicate result to he can t speak until he was 3 years old when he learn to use body language very well On the contrary if parents spend much more time to communicating with kids by language since kids can not speak telling stories reading children songs to them and so on these children s language development will ahead of schedule These facts proved that personal language ability will develop under the interaction of the inborn factors and the postnatal factors During the process of children s language development we should create a environment that making children s thoughts more creative Children are born with intense curiosity have creative thinking and are interested in all the unfamiliar things around them Thus in the process of connecting with children we should encourage children speak out the thoughts of themselves bravely For the happening of some things or object we should let children speak them clearly and smoothly by themselves In this way we can help children to develop their language expression abilities and thinking abilities Then we can setting Creative Story Center and Creative Tiny Making in movement area of classrooms By using of movement causes and A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts VII spare time we lead to children to make some colorful abundant and creative products We also inspire children putting their works into display area and using their imagination and creativity and according to the product that they like best to make up some stories traveling around the story kingdom and telling their inner feelings By telling and making up each childish but full of happiness story children s ability of spoken language will be improved and exercised In the movement I found that each child was abstract in telling the story made up by himself lively to his partner Even if those children who was very shay in daily life they performed much actively and kick up their heels daring to fall behind their classmates According to the Kindergarten Education Guideline By using books paintings and other diversity ways to inspire children s interests in reading writing and develop the skill of reading and writing So we can provide colorful cartoon painting and prompt slogan for children When the kids read the slogan such as Be slow down no disturbing others Little grass are nodding flowers are smiling we are best friends and so on they feel very happy In the newsstand we display a wealth of stories and according to the lively and beautiful contents children are revel in reading and learning to spelling the letters gradually On the classroom wall we can put up charts of reading which are suitable for children such as animals and planets posts for children poem posts for children and so on They feel them interesting and read them carefully in their spare time Choosing a suitable opportunity teachers lead them to learn to appreciate them according to their own interests and describe them in their own words then encourage children say smooth sentence and almost whole things For example when we found a host of children are talking about the name of the fruits in the posts we can join them and ask them can you tell your partner which kind of fruit you like best How dose it look like Then the children may speak and strive to be the first According to the Kindergarten Education Guideline Creating a certain language environment and training the children s spoken language in purpose is an effective way to develop the children s language 4 School education is the most important way to improve the children s language So in the class teachers should try their best to create a comfortable atmosphere and create more opportunity for children to cooperate with others inspire the desire of expression of children For instance if we have language movement cause each morning we can divide children into five person per group and select a master of each group Then let children A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts VIII select the topic or question they are interested in Next we will let them communicating discussing and sharing their experience In this process we teachers should not interfere the topic they are communicating we should try our best to help them to inspire the ability of their own and let them speak to their heart s content As for those questions they can t deal with teachers can give them a hand and lead them to a right direction After the group discussion we can select a kid in each group make a statement in whole class As adults we should inspire children reading innovatively Setting up a reading centre choosing some books that suitable for children teacher should lead the children to read extensively and dig the value of the books As for the interesting stories instead of by the old ways such as children listen to the teacher s reading or children read the stories by themselves we encourage the children to read innovatively In another word we inspire children to making up the stories provided by us again according to the characters and the plots in the stories we even inspire children to change the ending of the stories By this way we let the kids using their colorful imagination and using innovative expression In this movement each child is full of passion and interested in it Each of them can fully describe his own opinion In the cartoon there are many inflated characters interesting plots and conversation which is the children s biggest favor In the daily life after they watch an animation they are very willing to tell the story to their partners and share the happiness with them So If we can fully use the advantage of animation in the process of improving a children s speaking ability and enrich his language expression we can see the progress of children s language development rapidly Firstly cartoon provide children with lively and standard language make an example for children s language and promoting the development of correct pronunciation of children s language Secondly cartoon provide plant of words about daily life for children and enrich the amount of the words that the kids acquire Thus it is helpful for the using of these words in language communicating in children s daily life Thirdly for children are often willing to share the plots of the cartoon or follow some plots express his own idea ask some questions they are interested in cartoon is helpful for the practice of language practice Then it influence the children s language development slowly and silently and effectively In the digital age we can try to help the children to develop their language by medias Children are born with high imitating ability children can get a host of language information from A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts IX a variety of medias Such as imitate with the ads they like tell the news stories around them and so on From the every day s language learning language accumulation children s language ability will be generally improved 5 Certainly children s language can t develop rapidly As for a preschool teacher must follow the rule of teaching The teacher should offer the children a wide and free environment step by step and by diversity ways make the solid fundament for children s language development 2 3 The Opportunity of Children s Language Development The condition of children s language development besides the normal listening speaking organs and the practice of language communicating in society and we also need seize the opportunity of children s language development In another word there is a period of time when children s language can develop rapidly widely and easily in the process of children s language development We can say that this period time is the best opportunity of children s language development If we miss the opportunity the child s language development will have some weakness and child s language development will be very hard Only by knowing the best opportunity of child s language development will we can fully know the condition of children s language development Many studies and researchers proved that the best opportunity of the child s language development is when the child is two to four years old In this period of time child has the best language imitation ability can acquire a host of words most rapidly the spoken understanding ability and expression ability develop also be most promptly In this period of time if the children can get favorable language training not only the language development will be more quickly but also make a good fundament for the study in child s whole life In this period of time if the child s normal life is derived his ability of language will be hard to get developed again Wolf kid Kara returned to human being society through out six year s training until he was fourteen years old she hardly remember about five words However a man called Hengjingzhuangyi who is a Japanese run away to a mountain hole and live in there twenty eight years until he was found after 1972 and sent him back to Japan Only in twenty eight days he could fit in the life of human being society For he left human society when he was an adult his best opportunity of language development was spent in human society According the relevant abroad studies the children live in orphan asylum for the lack of language communicating the process of language development A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts X is slower than normal children for about one year Then the nursery governess strengthen the language stimulate to a part of children in the orphan asylum teach them follow the adult s language strengthen the c