地下铁道施工引起的地表沉降与变形测量英文版

The earth s surface that the subway tunnel construction arouses sinks to decline and transforms diagraph Summary earth s surface s sinking to decline and transforming is the problem that the subway shield reaches a tunnel construction to need point concern most in the process it directly influences surroundings ground building and underground facilities of normal use therefore sink to decline and transform diagraph to the earth s surface to pass importance The thesis analyzed shield to reach to dig first into arouse an earth s surface to sink to decline and transform output reason particularly inquired into subway tunnel the construction arouses of the earth s surface sink to decline and transform a diagraph method Keyword the subway tunnel start construction Sink to decline and transform Measure The shield reaches a method tunnel s construction technique after more than 100 years of development and has already had a remarkable progress because the shield reaches the damage of starting construction the causable surroundings building is also easing but shield s reaching a construction still will inevitably arouse the perturbation of geologic strata and arouse geologic strata to transform and the sinking of ground declines and transforms The lowering of soil body strength and compression mold quantity that the geologic strata perturbation causes will arouse the solid knot in the long time and time solid knot to sink to decline and transform When the local layer transforms to exceed certain scope will endanger close by building and underground to take care of the safety of net then arouse a series of rock soil environment problem Be showed from this study shield to reach a construction creation the earth s surface sink to decline and the mechanism for transforming has important meaning 1 A shield reaches to dig into arouse an earth s surface to sink to decline and transform output reason Although different scholar according to respectively of the starting point put forward different shield to reach a construction to arouse an earth s surface to sink to decline and the mechanism for transforming can not denied 1 00 is a soil body move to come from to open to dig a causable perturbation and from here produce of geologic strata loss and perturbation soil of solid knot afresh 1 the geologic strata lose The so called geologic strata loss is a shield to reach under construction physically open to dig a soil body of bad row soil physical volume of physical volume and theory calculation The geologic strata loss leads to lose a physical volume to have the percentage that the shield reaches the theory row soil physical volume by geologic strata to mean The crevice of the output geologic strata loss and the shield path outside the hull and tube slice diameter aroused when geologic strata loss generally included shield to reach to open the geologic strata loss of digging the noodles shield to reach to correct the geologic strata loss of being partial to the creation shield to reach to follow curve to push forward of the geologic strata loses Construction and other main factor that arouse geologic strata loss have When shield reached and dug into open and dig noodles soil the body was subjected to of level s protecting is smaller than an original side in response to the dint to then opened and dug noodles soil s body reach toward the shield inside the ambulation and arouse geologic strata loss but cause the shield reach the ground sink and decline and transform above in response to the dint When the shield reaches to push forward is bigger than an original side in response to the dint at the pushing of positive soil body such as the function to in response to the dint the positive soil body then moves upward and forward and arouses geologic strata loss owe to dig but before causing the shield reach above the soil body swell up 2 when the shield reaches to stop to push forward because the shield reaches to push forward jack to leak an oil time to shrink may arouse shield to reach countermarch and makes to open to dig noodles soil a body to fall to fall or loose move it results in geologic strata s losing 3 because of to shield tail behind tunnel outer circle the building doesn t in time presses syrup and press syrup quantity in the crevice shortage or pressure inadequacy make after the shield tail the underground tunnel peripheral soil body lose originality three to the equilibrium but move in the crevice to the shield tail arouse geologic strata loss In the middle of containing unsteady geologic strata of water this is usually the main factor that arouses geologic strata loss 4 the shield reach in the curve to push forward correct to be partial to title or kowtow to push forward and physically open to dig a cross section is a not circular but oval but easily arouse geologic strata loss The shield reaches being partial to of stalk line and tunnel stalk line the Cape is more big super to soil body perturbation the loss then digging degree and causable geologic strata is also more big when the shield reaches machine curve to push forward due to turning worse to the soil body perturbation the ground is the biggest to sink to decline and transform quantity will be bigger than to push forward as usual the ground Be biggest to sink to decline and transform quantity close to shield to reach appear dissymmetry on transforming of earth s surface noodles place of the cross section that the flight places When the shield reaches a machine title to push forward the ground is the biggest to sink to decline and transform quantity will be bigger than to push forward as usual the ground Be biggest to sink to decline and transform quantity With push forward as usual of transform relatively can discover the tunnel bottom sinks quantity increment besides which at work transforming of noodles place ground surface from normal and propulsive of sink to sink to change into to swell up at this time the tunnel works in front the square is bigger to swell up 5 reach to push forward with the shield but the shield moving reach positive stumbling block and make the geologic strata produce crevice after the shield reaches to pass but can not press syrup to fill in time again 6 shield hull ambulation to the friction of geologic strata and shear to slice 7 in the soil pressure under the function tunnel Chen s carving to outputly transform will also arouse a little amount geologic strata loss When the tunnel Chen carves to sink to decline and transforms a little bit greatly will arouse the geologic strata loss that can not neglect 2 control shields reach a tunnel construction ground to sink to decline and transform a diagraph method Sinking to decline to prognosticate to press the part can is divided into a surface layer to sink to decline to prognosticate deep layering sink to decline to prognosticate to sink to decline to prognosticate with cross section After several years of development sink to decline to prognosticate a method continuously perfect prognosticate an instrument type also more and more but prognosticating of dissimilarity method and prognosticate instrument to be applicable to a different engineering geology condition Currently sink to decline to monitor an in common use method to have monitor stake sink to decline a cup and sink to decline plank Ci wreath to sink to decline an instrument water pressure type a section to sink to decline instrument and level to measure inclined instrument etc Connect down will do simple introduction to above these methodses 2 1 Nail to bury with wodden post and steel Han in hold with the level instrument even can immediately measure sinking of soil body surface to decline quantity A monitor stake could observe road noodles to sink to decline last 1 00 if wanted to carry on sinking of the whole cross section to decline diagraph had to lay several monitor stakes The size of monitor stake that lays in the different position has a different request This method is the most simple but can measurese building surface of sinking and declining value can not test a soil body inner part some sinking of position decline and contain interference towards filling a soil construction 2 2 sink to decline water cup to measure Monitor roadbed inner part to transform most effectively one of the most economic meanses sink to decline water cup to measure Sink to decline water cup exploitation to connect machine principle reflect internal a certain Gao Cheng of roadbed to shoot roadbed exterior the past diagraph roadbed exterior should reflect Gao Cheng who shoot the point namely know Gao Cheng whom the roadbed inner part prognosticates a point Passing the certain time s segment monitor should reflect to shoot some variety of Gao distance can immediately be a little bit clear the inner part drawing an exit radicle prognosticate the form of point to change process But these forms changing process is the foundation data that studies roadbed to transform mechanism and regulation Its advantage lies in prognosticating method principle simple and plain easily understand cost cheap The weakness is to root canally lay to have higher request if laying gravamen were agreeable easily form a bubble to jam a pipe line test would not carry on Don t adapt to as well in colder region The direct range estimation prognosticates water cup to read the liquid noodles engrave one degree value the accuracy is lower private 1 mm The method is used for the indoor experiment prognosticate a little bit easily while useding for actual engineering to prognosticate because of the spot condition complications the weather variety abnormality physically operate more difficult generally and less use 2 3 sink to decline plank Sink to decline plank to be generally used for prognosticating a soft land radicle to always sink to decline test foundation noodles sinking of foundation noodles to decline to distribute under the sistuation that the dissimilarity handles a measure different lotus to carry Sink to decline plank as to sink to decline one of the method that the dynamic state prognosticates with its price low establish method simple easily prognosticate quilt extensive adoption replaced some region instrumentations to prognosticate but accuracy and precision of data are easily subjected to a shadow to Sink to decline the plank base sinks to decline along with the roadbed leveling staff pass to connect with each other with base can measure the base lay the roadbed of place to sink to decline a value 2 4 Ci wreaths sink to decline an instrument The Ci wreath sinks to decline an instrument 5 is a layering to sink to decline to make use of the most extensive kind in the instrument The Ci wreath sinks the work principle Ci wreath of declining the instrument to sink to decline instrument uses and spreads a feeling machine according to the electromagnetic induction principle design the at all point position that the Ci respond to sink to decline wreath sink to decline a mark to in advance pass to drill a hole a way to cover up into an underground to treat to measure be spread a feeling machine to respond wreath through a Ci produce electromagnetic induction signal to send to ground gauge to suggest send out a sound and light to report to the police at the same time generally is a buzzer to send out signal Read bore the marking order a rightness in response to the engraving of steel Chinese foot number of degrees value fored the depth that sinks and declines wreath Is general each time measured value with last time measure value to mutually reduce for should measure point of sinking and declining quantity But physically measure medium can choose a bore according to the condition elevation or most the first floor sink to decline to mark position as to monitor basis to order and pass a rightness the corresponding period don t measure result of contrast analysis can make sure that sinking of each soil layer declines or swell up a result 2 5 The PVC tube measures an inclined instrument PVC tube s measuring an inclined instrument also call to measure an inclined instrument is a kind of the home position monitor that measurement drills a hole Qing Cape and azimuth angle The PVC tube sinks to decline an instrument to press the use method different can is divided into a glide type to measure inclined instrument and fixed type to measure an inclined instrument The fixed type is the position that will measure an inclined instrument to measure a head fixedly to move in the soil a certain inside the body use to deliver the signal electric cable derivation ground to carry on prognosticating Adopt a fixed type to measure an inclined instrument to prognosticate of measure a point generally used for a movable type to measure an inclined instrument hard attain to prognosticate of measure a point its expenses Gao measur