第七讲：虚拟语气

1 第七讲 虚拟语气第七讲 虚拟语气 判断下列句子是否正确 判断下列句子是否正确 1 If our earth were nearer to the sun water would turn to steam 2 Since traveling across the country might cost much I advise she mustn t plan the journey 3 The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it went wrong on the way 4 Were he only here I should give him all I had yesterday 5 Father s arrangement that John would wait until next week is quite reasonable 6 It s decided that all the members be present 7 If they insisted yesterday we would have given up 8 I d sooner he didn t come yesterday He made so much trouble for us 9 Without their help then I couldn t have finished this project 10 He orders me about as if I had been his son 11 She could have been extremely wealthy but she hadn t cared about the money 12 Success go with you 虚拟语气把行为 状态等当作只存在于话者想象中的虚拟语气把行为 状态等当作只存在于话者想象中的 假设假设 提出 用以表示愿望 建议 提出 用以表示愿望 建议 推测 要求等 它是通过以不同于陈述语气的谓语动词的变化予以表示 虚拟语气种类繁推测 要求等 它是通过以不同于陈述语气的谓语动词的变化予以表示 虚拟语气种类繁 多 句型复杂 其实可把它归结为两大类 多 句型复杂 其实可把它归结为两大类 一 基本表达方法 一 基本表达方法 用过去时态表示的虚拟 即用时态倒退一挡的方法 用过去时态表示的虚拟 即用时态倒退一挡的方法 用用 should 原形动词表示的虚拟原形动词表示的虚拟 用过去时态表示的虚拟 即用时态倒退一挡的方法 七种情况 用过去时态表示的虚拟 即用时态倒退一挡的方法 七种情况 一一 与事实作相反的假设 与事实作相反的假设 If 条件句条件句 主句主句 1 与现在的事实相反 与现在的事实相反 Be am is are 变成变成 were Have have has had should would could might 原形动词原形动词 Do do does did 2 与过去的事实相反 与过去的事实相反 Be was were had been were Have had had had should would could might 动词完成时态动词完成时态 Do did had done 3 与将来的事实相反 与将来的事实相反 Be am is are should be 现在时态表近来现在时态表近来 were to be Were Have have has should have Were to have should would could might 原形动词原形动词 2 Had Do do does should do Were to do Did 二 wish 但愿但愿 后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中 与现在情况相反过去时态与现在情况相反过去时态 I wish she were had did sth now 与过去情况相反用过去完成时态与过去情况相反用过去完成时态 He wishes she had been had had had done 与将来情况相反用过去将来时态与将来情况相反用过去将来时态 She wishes she would could might do sth soon 若 wish 为过去时态 wished 其变法同上 三 If only 要是要是 该多好啊该多好啊 引导的状语从句中引导的状语从句中 与现在情况相反应用过去时态与现在情况相反应用过去时态 If only she were had did sth now 与过去情况相反应用过去完成时态与过去情况相反应用过去完成时态 If only he had been had had had done 与将来情况相反应用过去将来时态与将来情况相反应用过去将来时态 If only I would could might do sth soon 注意 这种从句可单独使用 假如后面跟句子 则其谓语动词的变化与第 一 条注意 这种从句可单独使用 假如后面跟句子 则其谓语动词的变化与第 一 条 中的中的主句主句情况相同 情况相同 If only he knew French now he could sing us this French song If only you had come here yesterday we could have played a game of cards with you 四 as if as though 仿佛 好像仿佛 好像 似的似的 感官指示的或某些情景可能是真实的感官指示的或某些情景可能是真实的 This pie tastes as if it has banana in it 真实真实 The skirt feels as though it is made of silk 真实真实 His words sounded as if he knew everything about it 真实真实 Wang Ling is dressed up as if she were a princess 虚拟虚拟 He was talking eloquently as though he had known everything in the world 虚拟虚拟 She looked panic stricken as if she had seen a ghost 虚拟虚拟 五 even if even though 即使即使 某些情景可能是真实的某些情景可能是真实的 He is a good teacher Even if he is ill he still goes to give lessons 真实真实 I don t know her address Even if I knew it I couldn t give it to you without his permission 虚拟虚拟 六 It s about high just time sb did sth It s about time we had a break It s high time he finished his paper It s just the time they made preparations for the test 七 A would rather would sooner would just as soon would prefer himself B did not do sth 3 用于与现在和将来相反的情况 A would rather would sooner would just as soon would prefer himself B had not done sth 用于与过去相反的情况 用用 should 原形动词表示的虚拟原形动词表示的虚拟 用于三类词 用于三类词 1 命令 命令 order command stipulate 法律明文规定法律明文规定 provide 规定规定 direct 命令命令 appoint 命令命令 建议 建议 suggest propose move advise recommend 要求 要求 demand require request insist persist urge ask beg advocate pray persuade argue vote 投票决定投票决定 愿望 愿望 intend agree 决定决定 arrange decide promise object desire determine resolve 决心决心 deserve 值得提及值得提及 prefer permit 句型 句型 She proposes that 引导的引导的宾语宾语从句从句 It s proposed that 引导的主语从句引导的主语从句 Her proposal is that 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 The chairman required that applicants for the positions should be qualified It was required by the chairman that applicants for the positions should be qualified The requirement of the chairman was that applicants for the positions should be qualified 2 It is essential vital appropriate 恰当的恰当的 proper urgent that 引导的主语从句引导的主语从句 desirable advisable curious unfortunate important necessary imperative 迫切的迫切的 strange odd impossible strange odd curious right good better keen preferable incredible unbelievable unthinkable agreeable ridiculous absurd a pity pitiful a shame shameful insistent probable natural resolved eager anxious careful funny concerned illegal amazing surprising astonishing It s urgent that the task should be fulfilled today It s desirable that a journey around the world should be planned soon It was incredible that he should be monitor of the class 3 Sb be glad pleased delighted sorry regretful that 引导的状语从句引导的状语从句 afraid shocked amazed baffled sorrowful furious angry annoyed depressed disappointed sad sorrowful disappointed amazed resentful I m disappointed that he should have lied this time She felt sad that her husband should leave her soon They got furious that the government should have canceled the project 4 二 用介词或连词来表达的虚拟语气二 用介词或连词来表达的虚拟语气 1 用过去时态表示虚拟的有 用过去时态表示虚拟的有 without but for in the absence of Were it not for Had it not been for Without But for her help I couldn t have finished the task last week 对过去虚拟对过去虚拟 In the absence of fresh water man couldn t live long 对现在虚拟对现在虚拟 Were it not for your help we couldn t finish the work today 对现在虚拟对现在虚拟 Had it not been for the doctor the patient would have died this morning 对过去虚拟对过去虚拟 2 用用 should 原形动词表示虚拟的有 原形动词表示虚拟的有 in case lest for fear that He took some money on him in case he should need it for something I got up very early lest I should miss the early bus Take some money on you in case you should need it 三 混合虚拟语气表达法三 混合虚拟语气表达法 1 从句与过去相反 主句与现在相反 从句与过去相反 主句与现在相反 If he had taken the doctor s advice and quitted smoking ten years ago he wouldn t be suffering from lung cancer now 2 从句与过去相反 主句与将来相反从句与过去相反 主句与将来相反 If she had been enrolled into a key high school last year she would probably enter a prominent university like Qinghua and Beijing University in two years 3 从句与现在相反 主句与将来相反从句与现在相反 主句与将来相反 He is a lazy boy If he worked hard now he could become a remarkable student soon 4 前半分句与过去相反 前半分句与过去相反 but 引导的后半分句为过去的事实引导的后半分句为过去的事实 He could have won the game yesterday but he was seriously hurt by the rival 5 前半分句为过去的事实前半分句为过去的事实 otherwise 引导的后半分句与过去的事实相反引导的后半分句与过去的事实相反 He was seriously hurt by the rival yesterday otherwise he could have won the game 5 四 四 省省 if 的倒装形式的倒装形式 从句中有从句中有 were had should 时 可省去时 可省去 if 句子出现倒装 句子出现倒装 Were I you I would accept the job 对现在虚拟对现在虚拟 Were he to come back from America tomorrow we could have a happy reunion 对将来虚拟对将来虚拟 Had I a sister or brother now I wouldn t feel lonely 对现在虚拟对现在虚拟 Had I had a car yesterday I could have taken you for a ride 对过去虚拟对过去虚拟 Had he seen the film before he might have told me something about it yesterday Had they bought the house then they would have felt regretful 对过去虚拟对过去虚拟 Should he become a politician in the future we wouldn t ask him for help Should you be a selfish person we would no longer be good friends 对将来虚拟对将来虚拟 五 其它的虚拟形式五 其它的虚拟形式 1 在在 in order that so that 引导的状语从句中 肯定句用引导的状语从句中 肯定句用 can could may might 否定句中用否定句中用 shouldn t may might not I will warn him so that he shouldn t might not reveal our secret plan 2 在在 whatever whichever however no matter who 引导的让步状语从引导的让步状语从 句中 常用句中 常用 may Whatever the reason may be the fact would remain Whether he may succeed or not it would not matter to me 2 在提出轻求 建议 问题时 常用在提出轻求 建议 问题时 常用 would could might should Would you mind opening the door Could you do something for me I should like to go with you Might I ask a question 3 用于表示祝愿的句中用于表示祝愿的句中 Long live the People s Republic of China 6 May you be happy Exercise Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the subjunctive mood 1 If I didn t have not have a good knowledge of algebra I couldn t solve these problems 2 He would operate the machine by himself were be he an expert 3 If I had not been busy not busy yesterday I would have come come over to see you 4 If she hadn t spoken not speak slower at the meeting we couldn t have understood not understand what she said 5 He would come here today if he were not to be not be away from Beijing 6 If this problem hadn t been not be so complex we wouldn t have had not have to make use of the computer 7 If an acid had been used be used then the result would be be quite different now 8 If I had studied study hard in my school days I would be able be able to read these English poems now 9 They would allow allow him to do the job soon were be he not so young 10 If there were be no brake rockets attached to the man made satellite it couldn t come not come back to the earth 11 If they hadn t used not use the computer then they couldn t have worked not work much faster than before 13 I wouldn t have asked not ask them for help had I known know the new method well enough 14 If the criminal had been be honest he could have mad make a clean breast of 彻底坦白 the whole thing long before 15 I don t know his address Even though I knew know his address I wouldn t have not have time to write to him 7 16 We have had a very painful incident at Oxford and really but for happy chance of your being in the town I would have been be at a loss what to do 17 I had a meeting then otherwise I would have come come over to help you 18 She wouldn t have caught not catch that serious disease had she paid pay attention to prevention 19 He insisted that nothing be started start till he arrived 20 He recommended that some new tires be bought buy 21 I wish you hadn t given not give him my phone number then 22 He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain rain 21 He always talks as if he were addressing address a public meeting 22 If only he were not driving not drive so fast 23 If I had obtained obtain the date yesterday I would let let you know now 24 If you had been be there yesterday you could have made make everything clear to them 25 If you had told tell us earlier who he was we would have introduced introduce him at the meeting 26 It s high time we reviewed review our lessons for tomorrow s test 27 If it had not been not be for your help I couldn t have found not find a way out of difficulty 28 It s arranged that the meeting be held hold this afternoon 29 She couldn t be speaking not speak such good English if she had not been not be to English 30 He wished that his proposal had been adopted adopt at the meeting at that time 8 31 It s raining heavily How I wish it could be be clear soon 32 He would tell tell me if he knew know but he doesn t know not know anything about it 33 One of the requirements for the fire is that the material be heated heat to its burning temperature 34 His car crashed into a pillar during the storm last night Luckily he wasn t driving fast or else he probably would have been killed kill 35 It s about the time we stopped stop working 36 I d rather myself didn t go not go to Japan for a tour next month 37 Mom would sooner her son hadn t washed not wash the dishes last night as he broke break them all in a careless manner 38 Li Ling treats her neighbor Granny Chang as if she were be her own grandma 39 I feel dismayed that he should have lied lie to me last week 40 Do you wish computers hadn t been invented not invent 41 He talked as if he had known know everything in the world 41 Mary is dressed up today as if she were be a princess 4