英语句子成分讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 1 主语主语 subject 句子说明的人或事物句子说明的人或事物 可以由名词 短语 代词 短语 动名词 短语 数词 短语 非谓语动词 to do doing 主语从句充当 The sun rises in the east 名词 He likes dancing 代词 Five and four is nine 数词 Seeing is believing 动名词 To see is to believe 不定式 What he needs is a book 主语从句 It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree It 形式主语 主语从 句 是真正主语 2 谓语谓语 predicate 说明主语的动作 状态和特征 说明主语的动作 状态和特征 可以由动词或动词短语充 当 或由系动词 表语充当 We study English He is asleep The police will look into the case 复合谓语 The earth moves around the sun He is cooking in the kitchen She called me last night Tom can swim 3 表语表语 predicative 系动词之后的成分 表示主语的性质 状态和特征 系动词之后的成分 表示主语的性质 状态和特征 可 以又名词 短语 代词 短语 数词 短语 介词短语 副词 短语 非谓语动词和从句充当 He is a teacher 名词 Five and five is ten 数词 He is asleep 形容词 His father is in 副词 The picture is on the wall 介词短语 My watch is gone missing lost 形容词化的分词 Her dream is to be a lawyer 不定式 The question is whether they will come 表语从句 常见的系动词有 全系动词 be 表感官的系动词 sound 听起来 look 看 起来 feel 摸起来 smell 闻起来 taste 尝 吃起来 表保持的系动词 remain 保持 仍是 keep stay 表变化的系动词 turn get become go 表终 止的系动词 turn out 结果是 被证明是 prove 被证明是 It sounds a good idea Her voice sounds sweet Tom looks thin The food smells delicious The door remains open Trees turn green in spring Her plan turns out a success 4 宾语宾语 可以由名词 短语 代词 短语 数词 短语 动名词 doing 不定式 to do 和宾语从句充当 1 动作的承受者 动作的承受者 动宾动宾 I like China 名词 He hates you 代词 We need two 数词 We should help the old and the poor I enjoy working with you 动名词 I hope to see you again 不定式 Did you write down what he said 宾语从句 2 介词后的名词 代词和动名词 介词后的名词 代词和动名词 介宾介宾 Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow there are many rocks Upon finishing his studies he started traveling in China He spent five dollars on this book She goes to school on foot 3 双宾语 双宾语 间宾 指人 和直宾 指物 间宾 指人 和直宾 指物 He gave me a book yesterday Give the poor man some money Please show me your ticket My father bought me a new computer 常见的双宾语及物动词 常见的双宾语及物动词 give show teach lend send tell buy 等 等 5 宾补宾补 对宾语的补充 全称为宾语补足语 对宾语的补充 全称为宾语补足语 可以由名词 形容词 副词 介 词短语 不定式 to do 现在分词 doing 过去分词 done 充当 We elected him monitor 名词 We all think it a pity that she didn t come here 名词 We will make them happy 形容词 We found nobody in 副词 Please make yourself at home 介词短语 Don t let him do that 省 to 不定式 His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson 带 to 不定式 Don t keep the lights burning 现在分词 I ll have my bike repaired 过去分词 6 主补主补 对主语的补充 对主语的补充 注 主动语态中的宾语补足语就是被动语态中的主语补足语注 主动语态中的宾语补足语就是被动语态中的主语补足语 He was elected monitor She was found singing in the next room He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson 7 定语定语 修饰或限制名词或代词的词 词组或句子 修饰或限制名词或代词的词 词组或句子 可以由名词 代词 数词 形容词 副词 短语 介词短语 现在分词 过去分词 不定式和定语从句 充当 Tom is a chemistry teacher 名词 He is our friend 代词 We belong to the third world 数词 He wants to teach the lazy boy a lesson 形容词 The man over there is my old friend 副词 The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister 介词 The boys playing football are in Class 2 现在分词 The trees planted last year are growing well now 过去分词 I have an idea to do it well 不定式 You should do everything that I do 定语从句 8 状语状语 用来修饰用来修饰 v adj adv 或者句子 或者句子 表示时间 地点 原因 目的 表示时间 地点 原因 目的 结果 程度 条件 方式和让步 结果 程度 条件 方式和让步 可以由形容词 名词 副词 介词短语和句 子充当 I will go there tomorrow there 地点状语 tomorrow 时间状语 The meeting will be held in the meeting room 地点状语 The meat went bad because of the hot weather 原因状语 He studies hard to learn English well hard 程度状语 to learn 目的状语 He didn t study hard so that he failed in the exam hard 程度状语 so that 结果状语 I like some of you very much 程度状语 If you study hard you will pass the exam 条件状语 He goes to school by bike 方式状语 Though he is young he can do it well 让步状语 9 同位语同位语 apposition 补充说明或解释其前面的名词或代词 补充说明或解释其前面的名词或代词 可以由名词 短 语 反身代词和从句充当 Mr Smith our new teacher is very kind to us 名词 Yesterday I met Tom a friend of my brother s 名词 He himself told me that his brother John is a world famous doctor 反身代词 I myself agree to the plan 反身代词 The news that he won the match excited his parents 从句 Word has come that more high school graduate will be admitted into college 从句 综合练习综合练习 一 一 找出下列句子的主语 同时判断其结构 1 During the 1990s American country music has become more and more popular 2 We often speak English in class 3 One third of the students in this class are girls 4 To swim in the river is a great pleasure 5 Smoking does harm to the health 6 When we are going to have an English test has not been decided 7 To teach his a lesson seems quite necessary 8 It is important for us to have our dreams 9 It is obvious that he was wrong 10 That he won the prize exited everyone 二 二 找出下列句子的谓语 同时判断其结构 1 He practices running every morning 2 You may keep the book for two weeks 3 He has caught a bad cold 4 We are students 5 You ought to work harder 6 Tom lost his watch yesterday 三 三 找出下列句子的表语 同时判断其结构 1 Our teacher of English is an American 2 The weather has turned cold 3 The food tastes good 4 She looked sad after hearing the news 5 The truth is that he has never been abroad 6 The whole class got exited at the good news 四 四 找出下列句子的宾语 同时判断其结构 1 The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time 2 Tom likes swimming 3 He pretended not to see me 4 I think that he is fit for his office 5 I find it impossible to believe him any longer 6 They believe it strange that he should have done that 五 五 找出下列句子的宾语补足语 同时判断其结构 1 His father named him John 2 They painted their boat white 3 You mustn t force him to lend his money to you 4 We found everything in the lab in good order 5 I saw him enter the library 6 Don t leave the water running 7 I found him out last night 六 六 找出下列句子的定语 同时判断其结构 1 Guilin is a beautiful city 2 China is a developing country America is a developed country 3 Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom 4 The teaching plan for next term has been worked out 5 He is reading an article about how to learn English 6 He is the man who saved your life 七 七 找出下列句子的状语 同时判断其结构 1 Light travels most quickly 2 He has lived in the city for ten years 3 He is in the room making a model plane 4 Once you begin you must continue 5 He did his homework carefully at home 6 Feeling tired he went to bed without supper 7 He lost his job due to his lack of patience 8 Brought up in the country he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life 八 八 下列句子的同位语 同时判断其结构 1 Tom my little brother likes reading novels 2 He himself made a mistake 3 My friend Amy loves dancing 4 He put forward a proposal that we should take the subway there 5 I have no idea where he has gone 6 They themselves lack money 九 九 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分 1 The students got on the school bus 2 He handed me the newspaper 3 I shall answer your question after class 4 What a beautiful Chinese painting 5 They went hunting together early in the morning 6 His job is to train swimmers 7 The apples tasted sweet 8 His wish is to become a scientist 9 He managed to finish the work in time 10 Tom came to ask me for advice 11 He found it important to master English 12 Do you have anything else to say 1