英语语法专题 定语从句

1 语法专题语法专题 定语从句定语从句 Part 1 定语从句的定义及其关系代词的使用定语从句的定义及其关系代词的使用 Step 1 分析下列句型 分析下列句型 1 I can t remember everything that happened during the time in university 2 The film is about a spy whose wife betrays him 3 Barbary was working in Beijing where she went daily in a bus 4 He said that he had never seen her before which was not true 5 English is a language shared by several diverse cultures each of which uses it somewhat differently 总结 在复合句中 用来修饰 和 的从句叫做定语从句 被修 饰词叫 用来引导定语从句的关联词叫 定语从句分 为 和 思考 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别是什么 Step 2 关系代词的用法总结 关系代词的用法总结 关系代词 关系代词 关系代词先行词 指人或物 在从句中充当什 么成分 例句分析 who指人作主语The boy who is standing there is my cousin whomThe man whom you met yesterday is Mr Smith The boy whom you are looking for is hidden behind the tree whose whom Do you know the boy whose father is an engineer He lives in a house whose windows face south thatI don t know about the man that you mentioned A plane is a machine that can fly whichThe pen which my uncle gave me is missing Children like to read books which have wonderful pictures 2 asWe have found such materials as are used in their factory He is not the same man as he was As we all had expected Liuxiang won the gold medal in the competition 注意 关系代词 as 和 which 引导的定语从句 1 As 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语 代表前面整个句子 He married her which was natural He was honest as which we can see 2 as 可以引导非限制性定语从句 既可以放在主句前 也可以放在主句后 位置 较为灵活 意为 正如 后面的谓语动词一般是 see know expect say mention report announce 等 但是 which 引导的非限制性定语从句 只能放 在主句之后 意为 这一点 1 is known to all China is a developing country 2 He is from the south we can see from his accent 3 John you know is a famous writer John is a famous writer you know 4 He has been to Paris several times I don t believe 3 当先行词受 such the same so 修饰时 常用 as I have never heard such a funny story as he tells I have never heard so funny a story as he tells This is the same book as I lost last week 注意 1 当先行词由 the same 修饰时 偶尔也用 that 引导定语从句 但是和由 as 所引导的定语从句意思不同 She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary s wedding She wore the same dress as her young sister wore 3 注意 2 定语从句 such as 与结果状语从句 such that 的区别 He has such a good laptop as I want to buy He has such a good laptop that I want to buy one She is so lovely a girl we like She is so lovely a girl we like her Step 3 介词介词 关系代词关系代词 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 分析下列例句 The man to whom he is talking is my father This is the pen with which I wrote the letter 注意 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句时 介词的宾语只能用 指物 和 指人 即 介词 思考下列两个句子的变化 The man whom that he is talking to is my father This is the pen which that I wrote the letter with 总结 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时 可用 指物 用 指人 作介词的宾语 而且做介词宾语的关 系代词往往省略 注意 在固定搭配的动词短语中 由于动词和介词不可分割 因此不能把介词位 于关系代词之前 判断正误 This is the pen for which I m looking This is the pen which I m looking for 思考 关系代词充当什么成分时可以省略 Part 2 关系副词的使用及其与关系代词的转化关系副词的使用及其与关系代词的转化 关系副词 关系副词 关系副词先行词在从句中充当的 成分 例句分析 when I will never forget the day when on which I joined the Party where The factory where in which my father works is in the east of the city why None of us know the reason why for which Tom was absent from the meeting 注意 先行词为时间 地点时间 地点时 引导词不一定不一定都要用 when 或或 where 引导 要判断要判断 4 它在定语从句中的句子成分句子成分 如果引导词在定语从句中作主语或宾语 就要用 which 或 that 请分析下列句子中应该使用的引导词 1 This is the factory we visited last year 2 This is the factory we worked last year 3 This summer I spent in Italy is so hot 4 Is this the shop sells children s clothing 5 This is one of the largest rooms I ve ever slept in Part 3 拓展拓展 Step 1 1 在什么情况下只能用 that 引导定语从句 1 当先行词是 anything everything nothing something 除外 few all none little some 等代词时 或者是由 every any all some no little few much 等修饰时 如 Have you taken down everything that Mr Li has said All that can be done has been done 所有能做的事情都做了 You can find any information that you need on the Internet 2 当先行词被序数词修饰 如 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben 3 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 如 I think the film Assembly 集结号 is the best film that I have seen 4 当形容词被 the very right the only just the 修饰时 如 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy After the fire in his house the old car is the only thing that he owned 5 当先行词前面有 who which 等疑问代词时 如 Who is the man that is standing there Which is the T shirt that fits me most 6 当先行词既有人 也有动物或者物体时 如 Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned 7 关系代词在句中作表语时 He isn t the person that he used to be 8 主句为 there be 句型时 There s a pen that belongs to Tom on the desk 2 如何区分 the same as 和 the same that This is the same book that I lost 指同 一本书 5 This is the same book as I lost 并不是原来的 那一本书 3 以 the way 为先行词的定语从句 The way in which that 省略 he answered the question was surprising Step 2 that 在定语从句与同位语从句的区别 在定语从句与同位语从句的区别 News that Wanglin had been admitted to Beijing University came from the school office 同位语从句 The news that the TV reported yesterday excited the whole nation 定语从句 注意 that 在同位语从句中不充当任何成分 只起引导从句的作用 that 在定语从句中要充当一定的成分 一般充当主语 宾语或表语 所以区 别两者的关键在于从句中是否缺少成分 判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句 The fact that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years has worried many scientists The fact that we learned from the News Center was really disappointing Step 3 定语从句综合练习 定语从句综合练习 一 用适当的关系词填空 1 I still remember the night I first came to the house 2 We are learning English a language is used in many places in the world 3 I will never forget the days I spent with your family 4 Tell me the reason the American lady left 5 Do you still remember the place we visited last week 6 Do you still remember the place we found the lost child 7 The house stands on the top of the hill was built last month 8 He is the only person saw the accident yesterday 9 Who is the student was late for school today 10 He lives in the room window faces to the south 11 The manager walked toward the gate the workers are waiting 12 Autumn is the time of a year farmers get in their crops 13 Allen is the girl I think will succeed in the test 14 Those are the shoes I lost last week 15 Her parents wouldn t let him marry anyone family was poor 二 请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正 1 This is the factory where we visited last week 3 The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two 4 The house in that we live is very small 5 The sun gives off light and warmth that makes it possible for plants to grow 6 I ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library 7 This is the best film which I have ever seen 6 8 My father and Mr Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered 9 Everything which we saw was of great interest 10 His dog that was now very old became ill and died 11 The reason which he didn t go to school is that he was ill 12 Those who wants to go with me put up your hands 13 The boy his mother died last year studies very hard 14 I have two sisters both of them are doctors 15 We re going to visit the school where your brother works there 16 He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening 17 That is the way which they work 18 Those have questions can ask the teachers for advice 19 Who is the man who has white hair 20 I will never forget the days which we had a good time together at the sea 三 单选题 1 Do you still remember the